It requires hard mental effort but leads to better retention and an understanding of the material that could be transferred to other situations.

它需要付出艱苦的腦力勞動，但能更好地保持和理解材料，並能轉移到其他情況。

To understand why active learning works so well, it helps to know that when our brain decides what to remember, it asks itself to fundamental questions.

要理解為什麼主動學習效果這麼好，知道當我們的大腦決定要記住什麼時，它會問自己一些基本問題是有幫助的。

Can I understand?

我可以理解嗎？

And do I need to know when you ask, Can I understand your brain always puts the new information on the foundation of existing knowledge?

而當你問到，我是否需要知道，我可以理解你的大腦總是把新的資訊放在現有知識的基礎上？

If the foundation is missing, the brain has no idea what to do with it, and as a result, it throws it away.

如果缺少了基礎，大腦就不知道該怎麼處理它，結果就會把它扔掉。

In other words, your brain needs to build foundational neuron connections for new information to attach thio, which is both why active learning is more mental work but also essential for learning.

換句話說，你的大腦需要為新的資訊建立基礎性的神經元連接，以附著在thio，這既是為什麼主動學習是更多的腦力勞動，但也是學習的必要條件。

When we ask ourselves, Do I need to know our brain separates between the material it finds worth to remember and the one it can forget?

當我們問自己，我需要知道我們的大腦把它認為值得記住的材料和可以忘記的材料分開嗎？

If it's unlikely that new information will ever be used again, the brain is smart enough to throw it away.

如果新的資訊不太可能再被使用，大腦就會很聰明地把它扔掉。

If your brain finds that the information is needed again, say it could increase your social status.

如果你的大腦發現又需要這些資訊，說可以提高你的社會地位。

The brain will store it in long term memory to stay there and be easily recalled.

大腦會把它儲存在長期記憶中，留在那裡，很容易回憶起來。

You just have to periodically use or think of it to understand how active learning is applied in classrooms.

你只要定期使用或思考，就能明白主動學習如何在課堂上應用。

Let's look at the teachings of Professor Karl Weinmann, a Nobel Prize winning physicist and a leading proponent of the method.

我們來看看諾貝爾物理學獎得主、該方法的主要倡導者卡爾-溫曼教授的教導。

There are four steps to it.

有四個步驟。

Step one.

第一步：

Prior to class, the students read up on the fundamentals of a lesson, so they get an idea of the terms and basic phenomena in class.

在課前，讓學生閱讀一節課的基礎知識，讓學生對課堂上的術語和基本現象有所瞭解。

Professor Wyman starts with a brief introduction and then gives questions to solve.

Wyman教授先是簡單的介紹，然後給出問題解決。

He will have students use clickers Ah, little device on which students can answer multiple choice questions.

他會讓學生使用點擊器啊，小設備，學生可以在上面回答選擇題。

Alternatively or for more complex problems.

或者或者對於更復雜的問題。

Worksheets could be handed out.

可以發放工作表。

Step two.

第二步：

Wyman projects a problem and asks all the students to select one of three possible answers using their clicker.

Wyman投影出一個問題，並要求所有學生用點擊器從三個可能的答案中選擇一個。

This has two benefits.

這有兩個好處。

First, the teacher gets an idea of how many of the students already understand the topic, and second, the students are now focused on the question.

首先，老師可以瞭解到有多少學生已經瞭解了這個題目，其次，學生現在的注意力都集中在這個問題上。

They want to know if they're right.

他們想知道自己是否正確。

It is important, though, that the question is both challenging and interesting.

但重要的是，這個問題既要有挑戰性，又要有趣味性。

All this takes less than five minutes, Step three without telling the students how they voted and following.

所有這些都只需要不到五分鐘的時間，第三步，不告訴學生如何投票，下面。

Eric Mauser is peer instruction method, which involves questions, peer discussions, votes and group discussions.

Eric Mauser是同伴教學法，包括提問、同伴討論、投票和小組討論。

The students then discuss the question and their answers with one or two classmates, ideally with someone who disagrees with their own opinion.

然後，學生與一兩個同學討論問題和答案，最好是與自己意見相左的人討論。

During the discussion, the students have to come up with a reason for their answer and why the others may be wrong.

在討論過程中，學生要為自己的答案提出一個理由，為什麼別人的答案可能是錯誤的。

Meanwhile, the instructor is circling around, listening in to gauge student thinking and answering brief questions.

同時，教員在周圍轉圈，聽課，測評學生的思維，回答簡短的問題。

Then there will be a second clicker vote and Onley.

那麼就會有第二次點擊器投票和安利。

Now the results will be shown.

現在將顯示結果。

Typically, the second vote will be much better than the first as students learn a great deal from their discussions on Ideal Question will have about a third correct on the first vote and 85% correct on the second.

通常情況下，第二票會比第一票好得多，因為學生在討論理想題時學到了很多東西，第一票的正確率會有三分之一左右，第二票的正確率會有85%。

All this takes around seven minutes E step four.

所有這些都需要7分鐘左右E第四步。

Now the professor leads a follow up discussion with all the students to provide feedback exploring the different reasoning which one is correct and importantly, which is incorrect and Why on Lee?

現在教授引導所有學生進行後續討論，提供反饋，探討不同的推理，哪些是正確的，重要的是，哪些是不正確的，為什麼上李？

At the very end, Professor Wyman will explain the correct solution and answer follow up questions, ascertaining the students, understanding from the questions they ask.

在最後，Wyman教授將解釋正確的解決方案，並回答後續問題，確定學生，從他們提出的問題的理解。

He decides if it is time to move on, all of which takes around 10 minutes.

他決定是否該繼續前進，所有這些都需要10分鐘左右。

There are three reasons why active learning works so well.

主動學習之所以效果好，有三個原因。

First, the students are actively working on interesting problems, and as they all voted for an answer right at the beginning, they have a stake in the outcome.

首先，學生們都在積極地研究有趣的問題，由於他們一開始就都投了一個答案，所以他們對結果有切身的體會。

That means their brains decide that the information covered is important to be remembered and our hence more receptive for learning.

這意味著他們的大腦決定了所涵蓋的資訊是重要的，要記住，我們的是以更容易接受學習。

Second, by solving problems alone and in groups, they dive deeply into the material.

其次，通過單獨和集體解決問題，他們深入到教材中去。

Explaining toe appear engages novel mental processes.

解釋腳趾出現從事新的心理過程。

As a result, they construct new synaptic pathways inside their brains.

是以，他們在大腦內部構建了新的突觸通路。

Third, the explanation from the teacher comes on Lee.

第三，老師的解釋來李。

Once the students already formed their own thoughts about the concept.

一旦學生已經形成了自己對概念的思考。

At this point, the explanation makes more sense as the brain can connect the new information toe all the thought it had just built.

在這一點上，這個解釋更有意義，因為大腦可以將新的資訊與剛剛建立的所有思想聯繫起來。

The correct answers have a solid foundation.

正確的答案有堅實的基礎。

A large body of research has shown big differences in the outcomes between passive and active learning.

大量的研究表明，被動學習和主動學習的結果有很大的差異。

In one carefully executed experiment, physics instructors taught their course in two ways.

在一次精心實施的實驗中，物理教師用兩種方式教授課程。

Some classes were taught in a conventional style and others using active learning.

有的班級採用常規教學方式，有的班級採用主動學習方式。

Even though the teachers were the same and the students were similar on average, the active learners doubled their understanding when they were tested at the end of the course.

雖然老師一樣，學生平均水平也差不多，但在課程結束後的測試中，主動學習者的理解能力卻提高了一倍。

Other experiments have shown that long term retention is higher is well, students that take conventional lecture that is followed by a test forget around 90% of the material within six months.

其他實驗表明，長期保持率較高的是好的，採取傳統的先講課後考試的學生，在半年內會忘記90%左右的材料。

In an active learning environment, students can retain more than 70% of what they have learned two years later.

在積極的學習環境中，學生可以在兩年後保留70%以上的學習內容。

Sometimes teachers show a problem and then demonstrate to the class how to solve it.

有時教師出示一個問題，然後向全班同學演示如何解決問題。

They believe that they could just transfer their own thinking into the student's head through an explanation.

他們認為只要通過講解就可以把自己的思維轉移到學生的腦子裡。

Unfortunately for new ideas, Ah, brain doesn't work that way.

不幸的是，對於新的想法，啊，大腦不是這樣工作的。

Unless the brain actively constructs those ideas within.

除非大腦內部主動構建這些想法。

It is as if the material was never heard.

就像從來沒有聽過這些材料一樣。

How about you?

你呢？

Have you ever learned in an active learning environment?

你在主動學習的環境中學習過嗎？

And if so, how does it compare toe learning the conventional way?

如果是這樣，那麼和傳統的學習方式相比，腳趾的學習效果如何呢？

Yeah, Sprouts videos are published under the Creative Commons license.

是的，Sprouts的視頻是在創作共用許可證下發布的。

That means our videos are free and anyone can download, edit and play them for personal use and public schools, governments and nonprofit organizations can also use them for training online courses or designing new curriculums To help us stay independent and support our work.

這意味著我們的視頻是免費的，任何人都可以下載、編輯和播放，供個人使用，公立學校、政府和非營利組織也可以使用它們來培訓在線課程或設計新的課程，以幫助我們保持獨立和支持我們的工作。

You can join our patrons and contribute.

你可以加入我們的贊助人，並做出貢獻。

Just visit patryan dot com slash sprouts.

只要訪問patryan點com斜線屮。

Even $1 can make a difference.

哪怕是1美元，也能帶來不同的效果。