Maybe, the march from Selma to Montgomery,

也許，從塞爾瑪到蒙哥馬利的遊行。

lunch counter sit-ins,

午餐櫃檯靜坐。

or bus boycotts across the country.

或全國各地的公車抵制。

But...what about this?

但是......這個呢？

Or this?

還是這個？

What happened in the waters of St. Augustine, Florida,

佛羅里達州聖奧古斯丁海域發生的事情。

was one of the most critical campaigns in the movement to desegregate the US.

是美國取消種族隔離運動中最關鍵的運動之一。

I still have an eerie feeling when I'm in St. Augustine.

我在聖奧古斯丁的時候，仍然有一種陰森森的感覺。

They did not like that idea of sharing water.

他們不喜歡這種分水的想法。

The idea that something that had touched us was going to touch them.

想到曾經觸動過我們的東西也會觸動他們。

American beaches and pools have long been flash points of racial conflict in the US.

美國的海灘和游泳池一直是美國種族衝突的爆發點。

Historically, many cities prohibited Black people from stepping into public waters.

歷史上，許多城市禁止黑人踏入公共水域。

Leisure is primarily a tool of capitalism.

休閒主要是資本主義的工具。

Leisure is also a tool of white supremacy,

休閒也是白人至上主義的工具。

and it articulates power in society in a certain way.

並且它以一定的方式闡述了社會中的權力。

Who has it? Who does not? Who has the right to wield it?

誰有？誰沒有？誰有權利使用它？

And oftentimes this plays out in public spaces.

而很多時候，這種情況在公共場所上演。

In the North and South, white people fiercely opposed the integration of these spaces.

在北方和南方，白人激烈地反對這些空間的整合。

In some cases, separate pools and beaches for Black Americans were established,

在某些情況下，為美國黑人建立了單獨的游泳池和海灘。

but they were often small, faraway, and dangerous.

但它們往往很小，很遠，很危險。

In New Orleans, for example, the city's designated Black beach, was an area grossly polluted with sewage from nearby fishing camps.

例如，在新奧爾良，該市指定的黑色海灘，是一個被附近漁營的汙水嚴重汙染的區域。

That unequal access to recreation is how wade-ins were born.

這種不平等的娛樂機會就是這樣誕生的。

Wade-ins were a spin on the nonviolent lunch counter sit-ins that spread quickly across the country in the 1950s and 60s.

Wade-ins是對20世紀50年代和60年代在全國範圍內迅速蔓延的非暴力午餐櫃檯靜坐示威的一個轉折。

But instead of demanding access to businesses,

但卻沒有要求企業進入。

wading in to beaches and pools, demanded access to leisure.

涉足海灘和泳池，要求獲得休閒。

On one hand, it's to pronounce a sense of, you see us

一方面，是為了讀出一種感覺，你看我們

and you must sort of deal with us when you see us.

當你看到我們的時候，你必須和我們打交道。

The other aspect or end of a wade-in is to invoke some sense of reaction.

涉足的另一個方面或終點是引起某種意義上的反應。

So since you're unwanted, either by law or by social behaviors,

所以，既然你是不受歡迎的，無論是法律還是社會行為。

people are going to react to your presence.

人們會對你的存在做出反應。

Beaches became an important site for civil disobedience campaigns in the 1950s and early 60s.

在20世紀50年代和60年代初，海灘成為公民抗命運動的重要場所。

From the shores of Biloxi to Chicago to Fort Lauderdale,

從比洛克西的海岸到芝加哥再到勞德代爾堡。

protesters gathered to demand equal access to city waters.

抗議者聚集在一起，要求平等使用城市水域。

By the time wade-ins were organized in St. Augustine,

到了聖奧古斯丁組織涉足的時候。

a local movement to end racial discrimination was already making headlines.

當地的一場結束種族歧視的運動已經成為頭條新聞。

Soon, the campaign to desegregate these waters,

很快，消除這些水域隔離的運動。

became the tipping point in a campaign to desegregate the entire nation.

成為了整個國家取消種族隔離運動的轉捩點。

The movement in St. Augustine started with a local dentist, and NAACP youth council advisor,

聖奧古斯丁的運動始於當地的一位牙醫和有色人種協進會青年委員會顧問。

named Robert Hayling.

名為羅伯特-海林。

Beginning in 1963, Hayling mobilized youth in St. Augustine to take part in civil rights sit-ins, marches, and boycotts.

從1963年開始，海林動員聖奧古斯丁的青年參加民權靜坐、遊行和抵制活動。

I feel it is incumbent upon the city officials to make St. Augustine a glaring example of democracy at work.

我覺得市府官員有責任讓聖奧古斯丁成為民主工作的一個突出例子。

As the demonstrations picked up, so did violence against them.

隨著示威活動的增加，針對他們的暴力也在增加。

Hundreds of protesters were beaten, and jailed.

數百名抗議者被毆打，並被關進監獄。

Four teenagers who conducted a sit-in were ripped from their families and sent to reform school.

四名進行靜坐的少年被從家裡扯出來，送去勞改學校。

The homes of activists were also under constant threat.

活動人士的住宅也不斷受到威脅。

A targeted shooting of Hayling's home narrowly missed his pregnant wife, and killed his dog.

海林家的定點射擊，險些射中懷孕的妻子，並殺死了他的狗。

So many houses were shot into. We knew that anytime we had lights on in the house at night,

好多房子都被射進了。我們知道，只要晚上家裡開著燈。

we run the risk of our house being firebombed.

我們的房子有可能會被炸燬。

So my brother and I still had to keep up with our studies.

所以我和弟弟還是要跟上學習。

When darkness came we would take turns going into that closet,

當黑夜來臨的時候，我們會輪流去那個衣櫃裡。

closing the door, to study.

關上門，去學習。

And we knew if we did not go into that particular area to study,

而且我們知道，如果我們不進入那個特殊的領域去研究。

we would either be shot, or the house was going to be burned down.

我們要麼被槍殺，要麼房子被燒燬。

"The tempo of violence increased rapidly in St. Augustine, the Klan paraded in the street, unmindful of the rain."

"聖奧古斯丁的暴力節奏迅速加快，三K黨在街上游行，渾然不顧雨天。"

Ku Klux Klan rallies ramped up, too.

三K黨的集會也加緊了。

At one rally, Hayling, and three other activists, were captured and brutally beaten.

在一次集會上，海林和其他三名活動家被抓獲並遭到殘酷毆打。

Later, Hayling was the one convicted for assaulting the Klansmen, after five minutes of deliberation by an all-white jury.

後來，海林是被全白人陪審團經過5分鐘的商議，以襲擊三K黨人的罪名定罪的。

He was later forced to resign as an aide to the NAACP,

後來他被迫辭去NAACP的助手職務。

after a grand jury accused him and other activists of being militant.

在大陪審團指控他和其他活動家好戰之後。

"We white people are going to rise up 140 million strong."

"我們白人要強勢崛起1.4億人。"

Hayling and the other activists, needed a new plan and new allies.

海林和其他活動家，需要一個新的計劃和新的盟友。

Hayling reached out to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference,

海林聯繫了南方基督教領袖會議。

a civil rights organization established by Martin Luther King Jr.

馬丁-路德-金創立的民權組織

At the time, King's main focus was to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

當時，金的主要精力是通過1964年的民權法案。

Among other measures, the bill aimed to desegregate public places.

除其他措施外，該法案旨在消除公共場所的隔離。

But in the spring of '64,

但在64年的春天。

the bill had been held up by the Senate, stuck in a record-long filibuster.

該法案一直被參議院擱置，陷入了創紀錄的漫長 "拉布"。

King knew heightened tensions back in St. Augustine made it a segregated super-bomb.

金知道在聖奧古斯丁的緊張局勢加劇，使其成為一個隔離的超級炸彈。

And believed high profile acts of civil disobedience, like the ones Hayling organized,

並相信高調的公民抗命行為，比如海林組織的。

could be the push needed to get the Civil Rights Act passed.

可能是讓《民權法案》通過所需的推動力。

King and several SCLC leaders, shifted focus to St. Augustine, and began a series of demonstrations that spring.

金和幾位南加大領導人，把焦點轉移到聖奧古斯丁，並在當年春天開始了一系列的示威活動。

With the SCLC's help, Hayling's movement gained organizers,

在SCLC的幫助下，海林的運動獲得了組織者。

a financial boost,

在財政上給予支持。

and high profile supporters.

和高調的支持者。

Jackie Robinson, a Black baseball star who pioneered integration of the sport, came to a St. Augustine rally.

傑基-羅賓遜，一位開創運動整合的黑人棒球明星，來到了聖奧古斯丁的集會上。

And Mary Peabody, the 72-year old mother of the governor of Massachusetts,

還有馬薩諸塞州州長72歲的母親瑪麗-皮博迪。

was jailed after a St. Augustine sit-in,

在聖奧古斯丁靜坐後被關進監獄。

which put the movement in national and international newspapers.

這使運動在國家和國際報紙上出現。

Then, in a demonstration on June 11, 1964, King attempted to enter the restaurant at the Monson Motor Lodge,

然後，在1964年6月11日的一次示威中，金試圖進入孟森汽車旅館的餐廳。

a St. Augustine hotel owned by this man, James Brock.

聖奧古斯丁的一家酒店，由這個人詹姆斯-布洛克擁有。

King and 17 others were barred from entering, and arrested.

金和其他17人被禁止進入，並被逮捕。

A week later, protesters shifted their focus to the swimming pool at the Monson Motor Lodge.

一週後，抗議者將焦點轉移到孟森汽車旅館的游泳池。

By June 18th, two white protesters checked into the hotel.

到6月18日，兩名白人抗議者入住酒店。

Five Black demonstrators were to be their guests in the pool that day.

當天有5名黑人示威者要在游泳池做客。

They drove up to the hotel but they knew they couldn't go in the front door.

他們開車來到酒店，但他們知道不能從正門進去。

So they found a way in through the hedges around the pool.

於是，他們找到了一條從池子周圍的籬笆進去的路。

As the group waded into the Monson swimming pool,

當大家涉足孟森游泳館時。

other organizers, including a group of 16 rabbis invited by King, formed a prayer circle around the Monson to join in the civil rights demonstration.

其他組織者，包括金邀請的16名拉比組成的團體，在孟森周圍形成了一個祈禱圈，參加民權示威。

With the rabbis outside, King marching down the street with others,

隨著拉比們在外面，國王與其他人一起在街上游行。

and the wade-in at the pool,

和在游泳池的涉水。

the demonstration was designed to grab attention.

演示的目的是為了吸引注意力。

At first, James Brock, the hotel owner, tried to use a cleaning pole to get the swimmers out.

起初，酒店老闆詹姆斯-布洛克試圖用清潔杆將游泳者救出。

But when that didn't work, Brock tried something else.

但當這一招不奏效時，布洛克又嘗試了別的辦法。

He came out with a bottle of hydrochloric acid, a corrosive pool cleaning chemical,

他拿出一瓶鹽酸，這是一種腐蝕性的泳池清潔化學品。

and threw the acid toward the protesters in the pool to drive them out.

並向池中的抗議者投擲硫酸，將他們趕走。

Mimi Jones, one of the protesters in the pool that day, recalled her experience in a 2017 interview.

咪咪-瓊斯是當天泳池中的抗議者之一，她在2017年的一次採訪中回憶了自己的經歷。

And all of a sudden, the water in front of my face started to bubble up.

而突然間，我面前的水就開始冒泡了。

Like a volcanic eruption.

像火山噴發一樣。

I could barely breathe,

我幾乎無法呼吸。

it was entering my nose and my eyes.

它進入了我的鼻子和眼睛。

It was just very frightening and terrifying because I really didn't see him coming.

這只是非常可怕和可怕的，因為我真的沒有看到他的到來。

Soon after, a fully clothed police officer jumped into the pool --

不久，一名衣著整齊的警察跳進了水池------。

To arrest us.

逮捕我們。

To usher us out of the pool. And there were other police officers waiting for us.

帶我們離開泳池還有其他警察在等著我們。

And carted us off to jail.

然後把我們送進監獄

The goal of the wade-in was to make the news.

涉足的目的是為了製造新聞。

And, photographers captured every moment.

而且，攝影師們捕捉到了每一個瞬間。

"Our whole foreign policy and everything else will go to hell over this...

"我們的整個外交政策和其他所有的東西都會因為這個下地獄...

yesterday in the swimming pool in St. Augustine they started pouring acid in the pool."

昨天在聖奧古斯丁的游泳池裡 他們開始往池子裡潑酸。"

The very next day, after a 60-day filibuster,

第二天，經過60天的拉鋸戰。

the US Senate passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, making way for it to get signed into law by the president.

美國參議院通過了1964年的《民權法案》，為它被總統簽署成為法律鋪平了道路。

As the nation waited for the bill to get signed,

當全國人民都在等待法案的簽署。

the St. Augustine wade-ins continued, on the beaches.

聖奧古斯丁的涉水活動繼續進行，在海灘上。

Day after day, dozens of Black and white demonstrators showed up to the shore

日復一日，數十名黑人和白人示威者出現在岸邊。

and were met with brutality from white supremacists.

並遭到白人至上主義者的殘暴對待。

We went to St. Augustine Beach. And then all of a sudden they started hitting us and just punching anybody who got in the way.

我們去了聖奧古斯丁海灘。然後突然他們開始打我們，只是衝任何人誰得到的方式。

And I was one of the ones who was punched.

而我也是被打的人之一。

My nose was broken.

我的鼻子被打破了。

The violence peaked on June 25th, when 75 people peacefully entered the water.

6月25日，暴力事件達到頂峰，75人和平入水。

Highway Patrol was sent in to keep the peace, but violence quickly broke out, and they arrested both Black and white demonstrators.

高速公路巡邏隊被派來維持和平，但暴力事件很快爆發，他們逮捕了黑人和白人示威者。

"Notice the speed at which the action develops and the need for officers to pursue the attackers."

"請注意行動發展的速度和官員追擊襲擊者的必要性。"

The demonstrations continued.

示威活動繼續進行。

The fighting continued,

戰鬥還在繼續。

the bullying continued.

欺負人的事情還在繼續。

And it wasn't just about us and integrating that beach.

而這不僅僅是我們和整合那片海灘的問題。

We knew about the bigger picture.

我們知道大局。

Later that night, hundreds of white supremacists rallied in St. Augustine, and attacked civil rights protesters on a march.

當晚，數百名白人至上主義者在聖奧古斯丁集會，並在遊行中襲擊民權抗議者。

The clash led to 19 Black people being hospitalized, with many more injured.

這場衝突導致19名黑人住院，還有多人受傷。

"On the night of June 25th, 1964, the fuse burned down, and the racial bomb exploded."

"1964年6月25日晚，導火線燒燬，種族炸彈爆炸了。"

"But to tell me that I don't even have the right to fight to protect the white race."

"但是告訴我，我連保護白種人的戰鬥權都沒有。"

A week later, on July 2nd, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law.

一週後，7月2日，1964年的《民權法》簽署成為法律。

"Congress passes the most sweeping civil rights bill ever to be written into the law,

"國會通過了有史以來被寫入法律的最廣泛的民權法案。

the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is signed at the White House by President Johnson...

1964年民權法案是由約翰遜總統在白宮簽署的... ...

what he calls a turning point in history."

他稱之為歷史的轉捩點。"

This moment was monumental.

這一刻是不朽的。

But in the years that followed, wade-ins continued.

但在隨後的幾年裡，涉足的領域還在繼續。

Cities used different strategies to keep their hold on segregation.

各城市採用不同的策略來維持種族隔離。

For public beaches and pools, that meant many whites only signs were simply replaced with private club signs, and high fees to enter.

對於公共海灘和泳池來說，這意味著很多隻允許白人進入的牌子被簡單地換成了私人俱樂部的牌子，並收取高額的入場費。

And as white people started fleeing cities for the suburbs, local governments neglected many urban pools,

而隨著白人開始逃離城市前往郊區，地方政府忽視了很多城市池。

and eventually shut them down.

並最終將其關閉。

As for St. Augustine, the passing of the Civil Rights Act didn't change the minds of white residents there, either.

至於聖奧古斯丁，民權法案的通過也沒有改變那裡白人居民的想法。

In the years that followed, Dr. Hayling left St. Augustine.

在隨後的幾年裡，海林博士離開了聖奧古斯丁。

He could no longer make a living in the city, or feel safe there.

他無法再在城市裡謀生，也無法在那裡感到安全。

St. Augustine is still, roughly,

聖奧古斯丁還是，大約。

the St. Augustine that I remember from the 60s.

我記得60年代的聖奧古斯丁。

US beaches and pools remain battlegrounds today.

美國的海灘和游泳池如今仍是戰場。

In Pennsylvania, black and brown children were kicked out of their rented pool space

在賓夕法尼亞州，黑人和棕色人種的孩子被趕出了他們租住的游泳池空間。

because management feared it could "change the complexion" of the private club.

因為管理層擔心會 "改變私人俱樂部的面貌"。

In Texas, white residents called the police on black teens trying to enjoy the neighborhood pool.

在德克薩斯州，白人居民向試圖享受附近游泳池的黑人青少年報警。

And in North Carolina, a white hotel employee called the police on a Black family using the pool during their stay.

而在北卡羅來納州，一名白人酒店員工在黑人家庭入住期間使用游泳池時報警。

All of what happened the 60s,

所有發生在60年代的事情。

you see some of it coming back,

你看到一些它回來。

it's like deja vu.

這就像似曾相識。

"I asked you to leave politely. Simple as that."

"我請你禮貌地離開。就這麼簡單。"

"And I heard this lady she was like, 'what are all these Black kids doing?' and she was like,

"我聽到這位女士她就說，'這些黑人孩子都在幹什麼'，她就說。

'I'm scared they might do something to my child.'

'我怕他們會對我的孩子做什麼。

"You're not having any prayer here. You're on private property. I'm ordering you to leave this place here."

"你在這裡沒有任何祈禱。你是在私人財產。我命令你離開這個地方。"

Hi everyone, thanks for watching this episode of Missing Chapter.

大家好，感謝大家收看本期《缺章》。

If you want to know more about St. Augustine and the wade-ins,

如果你想了解更多關於聖奧古斯丁和涉獵。

we have something special for you:

我們有一些特別的東西給你。

the first ever Missing Chapter in podcast form.

有史以來第一次以播客形式出現的《缺章》。

We dive deeper into Cynthia's experience as a local activist,

我們深入瞭解Cynthia作為當地活動家的經歷。

and speak to a protester who was at the Monson Motor Lodge pool.

並與一位在孟森汽車旅館游泳池的抗議者交談。

You can find a link to that podcast in the description below.

你可以在下面的描述中找到該播客的鏈接。