Name: 美國墮胎政策如何針對窮人｜2020年大選 (How US abortion policy targets the poor | 2020 Election)
Uploaded: 2020-10-08T18:10:32.000Z
Duration: 8 min 21 s

This is an abortion rights demonstration in 1972.

People marched to demand the right to legal abortions.

人們遊行要求合法墮胎的權利。

And the next year, the Supreme Court case Roe v Wade granted them that right.

而第二年，最高法院的羅伊訴韋德案賦予了他們這一權利。

But fast forward almost 50 years, and protests for abortion rights are still happening.

但快進近50年，爭取墮胎權的抗議活動仍在發生。

A lot of the fight over abortion policy centers on restrictive laws set by state governments.

很多關於墮胎政策的爭論都集中在州政府制定的限制性法律上。

And the courts that uphold or strike down those laws.

而維護或廢除這些法律的法院。

But the President and Congress hold a unique power over abortion access,

但總統和國會在墮胎通道上擁有獨特的權力。

because they have the final say on the federal dollars that support it.

因為他們對支持它的聯邦資金有最終決定權。

In every federal budget for the past 43 years, among all the programs the government funds

在過去43年的每一份聯邦預算中，在政府資助的所有項目中

— like the military, foreign aid, and education — there's also language about something

- 如軍事、對外援助和教育--也有語言關於一些

the government can't spend federal money on:

Except in the case of “rape or incest” or if the pregnancy would “place the woman

除了 "強姦或亂倫 "的情況，或者懷孕會 "使婦女陷入困境"。

This provision is called the Hyde Amendment.

And it disproportionately affects low-income people who rely on federally-funded health

而且，它對依靠聯邦資助的保健服務的低收入者的影響特別大。

Every president since 1976 has supported the Hyde Amendment by approving an annual federal

自1976年以來，每一位總統都支持《海德修正案》，準許每年的聯邦。

But the 2020 election could change this, because while one candidate supports the Hyde Amendment,

但2020年的選舉可能會改變這種情況，因為雖然有一位候選人支持海德修正案。

The Hyde Amendment's introduction into the federal budget

將《海德修正案》納入聯邦預算

Can be traced back to Roe V. Wade, In the years immediately following this decision,

可以追溯到Roe V. Wade，在這個決定之後的幾年裡。

the federal government paid for abortions through Medicaid, which accounted for roughly

聯邦政府通過醫療補助支付墮胎費用，其中約有一半的費用是由聯邦政府支付的。

But the anti-abortion backlash was swift— Including in Congress.

但反墮胎的反彈是迅速的--包括在國會。

In 1976, Illinois Representative Henry Hyde proposed the abortion-resticting Hyde Amendment

1976年，伊利諾伊州代表亨利-海德提出了限制墮胎的海德修正案。

It passed with a 199-165 vote, ending up in that year's spending bill where it has stayed

它以199-165票通過，最終在當年的支出法案中，它一直停留在那裡

ever since voted for by anti-abortion politicians, and

自從被反墮胎的政客投票支持，和

by pro-abortion-rights politicians And, in every case, these budgets have been

由支持墮胎權利的政客所做，而且，在每一個案例中，這些預算都是

approved and signed by the sitting president.

In 1977, Henry Hyde made the intentions of his amendment clear:

1977年，亨利-海德明確了其修正案的意圖。

He said “I certainly would like to prevent, if I could legally, anybody having an abortion,

他說："如果我可以合法地阻止任何人墮胎，我當然願意。

a rich woman, a middle-class woman, or a poor woman,” he said.

他說："一個富有的女人，一箇中產階級的女人，或者一個貧窮的女人，"。

“Unfortunately, the only vehicle available is the … Medicaid bill.”

"不幸的是，唯一可用的工具是......醫療補助法案。"

There's a handful of agencies directly affected by the Hyde Amendment that provide health

受《海德修正案》直接影響的機構不在少數，提供健康

care through federal funding, like the Indian Health Service and Peace Corps.

通過聯邦資金，如印第安人保健服務和和平隊，提供保健服務。

It pays for basic health services for just over 76 million people in the US who live

它為美國僅有的7600多萬人支付基本的醫療服務費用。

Part of Medicaid's funding comes from federal dollars — the other part comes from the

醫療補助的部分資金來自於聯邦資金，另一部分則是來自於政府。

Abortion care in the United States is largely driven by where you live… both in terms

墮胎護理在美國主要是由你居住的地方所驅動的... ...在兩個方面。

of the availability of services and in addition to that, the ability of insurance to pay for

服務的可得性，此外，保險的支付能力也是如此。

it These 16 states will help Medicaid users cover

這16個州將幫助Medicaid用戶覆蓋範圍。

But these 34 states and Washington D.C. won't.

但這34個州和華盛頓特區不會。

Anyone seeking an abortion there has to pay the full bill.

任何在那裡尋求墮胎的人都必須支付全部費用。

That means nearly 8 million people of child-bearing age who live in these states aren't covered

這意味著生活在這些州的近800萬育齡人群沒有被覆蓋。

for abortion services because of the Hyde Amendment.

由於《海德修正案》，墮胎服務的費用。

These Medicaid restrictions place the biggest burden on low-income people.

這些醫療補助限制給低收入者帶來了最大的負擔。

Laurie Roberts [00:10:16] We could basically quit doing the work we do.

勞裡-羅伯茨 [00:10:16] 我們基本上可以不做我們的工作。

Laurie Roberts manages an abortion fund in Alabama, one of the most restrictive states

Laurie Roberts在阿拉巴馬州管理著一個墮胎基金，該州是限制最嚴格的州之一。

So an abortion fund is a organization that helps people access abortion care.

所以，人流基金是一個幫助人們獲得人流護理的組織。

It can be anything that removes the barriers to getting to and from the clinic.

它可以是任何能夠消除進出診所的障礙的東西。

And then there's just direct financial support for the abortion procedure.

還有就是直接為人流手術提供資金支持。

The price of an abortion in the first 10 weeks of a pregnancy, without coverage, is roughly

在沒有保險的情況下，懷孕前10周內的人工流產價格大約是：

$500, and it gets more expensive in later weeks of pregnancy.

500元，到了懷孕後期週數會更貴。

That's a lot of money for someone who qualifies for Medicaid.

這對符合醫療補助條件的人來說，是一筆很大的錢。

To be eligible, you have to make less than 138% of the federal poverty line.

要符合條件，你的收入必須低於聯邦貧困線的138%。

For a single person, that's less than an $18,000 annual income.

對於一個人來說，年收入不到18000元。

And for a family of 3, it's about $30,000 dollars.

而對於一個三口之家來說，大約需要3萬元。

And because of racial disparities in our country, Medicaid recipients are more likely to be

而由於我國的種族差異，醫療補助的領取者更有可能被。

I can personally say what it was like for me...I went to the clinic…

我可以親口說出我的感受......我去診所......。

And I couldn't, I didn't have the money in time..That doesn't mean that I don't love

我不能，我沒有錢，我沒有時間......這並不意味著我不愛。

my child...But what it means is I went through a lot of emotional and physical trauma because

我的孩子......但這意味著我經歷了很多情感和身體上的創傷，因為......。

what should have been a decision that was only mine was taken away from me.

本來只屬於我的決定，卻被人奪走了。

A study of 269 women from 2015-2017 in Louisiana, a state that doesn't cover abortion through

2015年至2017年，路易斯安那州對269名婦女進行了研究，該州不通過人工流產。

Medicaid, shows that 29% of women would have had an abortion had Medicaid covered it.

醫療補助，顯示，如果醫療補助覆蓋了29%的婦女會進行人工流產。

Which is the intended effect for anti-abortion advocates: fewer people having abortions.

這就是反墮胎倡導者的預期效果：減少墮胎人數。

Abortion restrictions like the Hyde Amendment have made their way into other types of health

像《海德修正案》這樣的墮胎限制已經進入了其他類型的健康領域。

In 2010, Congress didn't pass the Affordable Care Act until it included language saying

2010年，國會沒有通過《平價醫療法案》，直到該法案中加入了這樣的文字，即

marketplace plans don't have to cover abortion.

Today, these states won't cover it under marketplace plans.

如今，這些州不會在市場計劃中覆蓋它。

And these states even restrict private insurance companies from covering the procedure.

而這些州甚至限制私人保險公司承保該手術。

And so that more and more people are affected and they may not even know that they've been

是以，越來越多的人受到影響，他們甚至可能不知道他們已經被。

受影響，直到她們尋求人工流產護理

“But it's the medicaid restrictions — both federal and state — that specifically target

"但它是醫療補助的限制--聯邦和州的限制--特別針對的是

If you have means, you can either have insurance that pays for a service or you can afford

如果你有經濟能力，你可以買保險，支付服務費用，或者你能負擔得起。

And if it's not offered in a place that's close to you, you can afford to either travel,

而如果不是在離你很近的地方提供，你可以負擔得起任何一種旅行。

get lodging, take time off or get childcare.

All of those things are things that are available to higher income women that may not be available

所有這些東西都是高收入婦女可以得到的，但可能無法得到。

The two candidates in the 2020 election are solidly in their partisan corners on the issue

2020年大選中，兩位候選人在這個問題上的黨派角力很穩固。

Joe Biden took office in the Senate in 1973, the same year Roe V. Wade passed.

喬-拜登於1973年在參議院上任，同年羅伊-韋德案通過。