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In July of 2017, Jeff Bezos made history and surpassed bill gates as the richest man in

2017年7月，傑夫-貝佐斯創造了歷史，超過比爾-蓋茨成為首富。

the world with a net worth of 153 billion dollars.

以1530億美元的淨資產成為世界。

To understand his scale of wealth, let's look at some numbers.

為了瞭解他的財富規模，我們來看一些數字。

Earlier this year, Jeff announced that he is separating from his wife Mackenzie but

今年年初，傑夫宣佈與妻子麥肯齊分居，但。

because they live in Seattle, his wife has the right to a large portion

因為他們住在西雅圖，他的妻子有權獲得大部分的權利。

of his wealth, to be more precise - 35 billion dollars, that will make her 3rd richest woman

更準確地說，是他的財富的350億美元，這將使她成為第三位最富有的女人。

in the world.

在世界上。

But Jeff isn't worried because he will still be on the top of the list with over 110 billion

但傑夫並不擔心，因為他仍將以1100多億的身家位居榜首

dollars.

美元。

That's how rich Bezos is, he can afford a divorce and still be on the top of the Forbes

這就是貝佐斯的財富，他離得起婚，還能在福布斯榜上名列前茅。

list.

列表：

Behind his enormous wealth, stands a conglomerate and if you know anything about Amazon, you

在他巨大的財富背後，矗立著一個集團，如果你對亞馬遜有所瞭解，你會

know that it is on the way to take over the world.

知道它正在奪取世界的路上。

But did you know that this company that's valued almost at a trillion dollars, paid

但你知道嗎，這家估值近萬億美元的公司，支付了

0 dollars in federal taxes?

0美元的聯邦稅？

To understand how this guy with such a loud laugh is making billions of dollars while

要明白這個笑聲如此響亮的傢伙是如何在賺取數十億美元的同時。

not paying taxes at all, we have to take a look at history!

根本不交稅，我們要看看歷史!

We know Amazon as the place to go for online shopping.

我們知道亞馬遜是網購的好去處。

But for Netflix, uber, and thousands of others, Amazon is their way to the internet.

但對於Netflix、uber和其他成千上萬的人來說，亞馬遜是他們通往互聯網的道路。

They rely on amazon web services for their websites to function.

他們依靠亞馬遜的網絡服務來實現網站的功能。

What started as a side project to support amazon.com quickly grew into a multi-billion

起初只是一個支持亞馬遜網站的副業項目，後來迅速發展成為一個價值數十億的項目。

dollar company by itself, earning more money than Amazon ever had.

美元的公司，自己賺的錢比亞馬遜有過之而無不及。

In fact, if you take a look at the numbers, more than 41 percent of the internet relies

事實上，如果你看一下數據，超過41%的互聯網依靠的是

on AWS.

在AWS上。

Only big corporations such as Google, Microsoft, and Facebook aren't on the mercy of Amazon

只有谷歌、微軟、Facebook等大企業才不會被亞馬遜擺佈。

since they are big enough to build their own infrastructure.

因為他們的規模足夠大，可以建立自己的基礎設施。

But that's not the only industry that Amazon has its grip on.

但這並不是亞馬遜唯一掌握的行業。

Even for us, the consumers, Amazon is no longer the middleman who connects buyers with sellers.

即使對於我們這些消費者來說，亞馬遜也不再是連接買家和賣家的中間人。

It's becoming the seller itself.

它正在成為賣家本身。

Amazon now sells more than 450 if its own brands from watches to clothes.

亞馬遜現在賣450多個，如果從手錶到衣服的自有品牌。

Cables to furniture.

電纜到傢俱。

Competing with the rest of sellers on the platform to be on the top of the list and

與平臺上的其他賣家競爭上榜，並與

since its Amazon, they definitely know how to keep their products on the main page.

因為它的亞馬遜，他們肯定知道如何保持他們的產品在主頁面。

And its only a matter of time before everything that's sold on Amazon will be produced by

而在亞馬遜上銷售的所有產品都將由亞馬遜生產，這只是一個時間問題。

Amazon itself.

亞馬遜本身。

for an Amazon box to reach your door, it needs to go through many hands.

要想讓亞馬遜的盒子送上門，需要經過很多人的手。

from a tuck to a plane to a van and maybe then to your doorstep. and Amazon has heavily

從小推車到飛機再到貨車，也許再到你的家門口。

been relying on UPS, FedEx and US postal service.

一直依賴UPS、聯邦快遞和美國郵政服務。

but that's about to change.

但這是即將改變。

To be more precise, it's already changing.

更準確地說，是已經在改變了。

Amazon now has more 50 planes and hundreds of vans and semi-trucks to ship its own products.

亞馬遜現在有超過50架飛機和數百輛貨車和半卡車來運送自己的產品。

It already handles a quarter of its shipping.

它已經處理了四分之一的運輸。

and it doesn't seem to stop there.

而且似乎還沒有停止。

Remember Amazon web service, it started to provide servers to Amazon websites but quickly

還記得亞馬遜網絡服務嗎，它一開始是為亞馬遜網站提供服務器，但很快就

began providing servers for everyone else. and it seems like Amazon wants to do the exact

開始為其他所有人提供服務器.而亞馬遜似乎也想做一模一樣的事情。

same thing with Amazon fulfillment and become a logistics company.

與亞馬遜履行一樣，成為一家物流公司。

Although Amazon is a small fish compared to UPS and FedEx in the logistics industry.

雖然亞馬遜與物流行業的UPS和聯邦快遞相比，是一條小魚。

Amazon is on its way to change that.

亞馬遜正在改變這種狀況。

Once Amazon is completely self-sufficient, it can easily drive shipping cost down.

一旦亞馬遜完全自給自足，就可以輕鬆推動運輸成本下降。

It doesn't have to make a profit since it has multiple other businesses that already

它不需要盈利，因為它有多個其他業務，已經。

generate billions of dollars in revenue and once UPS and FedEx are out of business, then

產生數十億美元的收入，一旦UPS和聯邦快遞倒閉，那麼

Amazon can slightly increase the prices and enjoy unbelievable profits since it will the

亞馬遜可以略微提高價格，享受不可思議的利潤，因為它將的。

only player in the market.

市場中唯一的玩家。

Amazon doesn't just want to be the place where you periodically buy strange gadgets.

亞馬遜並不只是想成為你定期購買奇怪小玩意的地方。

It wants you to buy groceries at Amazon, that's why it purchased whole foods market.

它想讓你在亞馬遜買菜，所以才收購了全食品市場。

Many of us still prefer to physically go to the store but we all know that it is about

我們很多人還是比較喜歡實體店，但我們都知道，這是關於

to change.

要改變。

and Amazon doesn't want to miss the opportunity to take over the industry.

而亞馬遜也不想錯過接手這個行業的機會。

The grocery business is definitely competitive but no one is more qualified to do that than

雜貨店的生意肯定是競爭激烈的，但沒有人能比

Amazon.

亞馬遜。

They have the technology, experience, and money!

他們有技術、有經驗、有資金!

Even though Netflix relies on Amazon.

儘管Netflix依託亞馬遜。

Amazon is on its way to change that.

亞馬遜正在改變這種狀況。

In 2010, Amazon launched Amazon studios to challenge Netflix.

2010年，亞馬遜推出亞馬遜工作室，挑戰Netflix。

Of course, they are too small to be compared to Netflix, but that's what the bookstore

當然，他們的規模太小，無法與網紅相提並論，但這就是書店的特點

managers said when Amazon started selling books online.

經理說，當亞馬遜開始在網上賣書時。

They will keep pouring money and creating as many shows as they need to convince you

他們會繼續投入資金，並創造出更多的節目，因為他們需要說服你。

to switch to Amazon studies.

來切換到亞馬遜學習。

And unlike Amazon.

而不像亞馬遜。

UPS, FedEx, and Netflix do not have a side business that earns them a pile of cash!

UPS、FedEx、Netflix都沒有副業，賺的是一堆現金!

You see, Amazon is playing the long game, Instead of making a profit, amazon simply

你看，亞馬遜是在玩長線遊戲，亞馬遜不賺取利潤，反而乾脆就不賺了

reinvests its revenue back into the company to grow bigger and faster.

將收入再投入到公司中，使公司發展得更大更快。

In fact, sometimes the company didn't even make a profit because they poured every dime

事實上，有時候公司甚至沒有盈利，因為他們把每一分錢都倒在了一起

they made back into the company to take over other industries and reported a loss although

他們回到公司接管其他行業，並報告虧損，雖然。

they could have made billions of dollars in profit.

他們可以賺取數十億美元的利潤。

And when you make a loss as a company, you can carry them forward and write them off

而當你作為一個公司出現虧損時，你可以將其結轉並註銷掉

from future tax bills, which is what Amazon has been doing.

從未來的稅單，這就是亞馬遜一直在做的事情。

But that's not all.

但這還不是全部。

Every nation wants its companies to be technologically competitive.

每個國家都希望自己的公司具有技術競爭力。

So to encourage companies to spend more and more on research and development, governments

所以為了鼓勵企業在研發上的投入越來越大，政府

offer tax credits and amazon is simply taking full advantage of that.

提供稅收抵免，亞馬遜只是充分利用了這一點。

Its spending billions of dollars to automate its warehouses for example.

其花費數十億美元實現倉庫自動化例如。

build better gadgets and voice assistant like Alexa.

打造更好的小工具和Alexa等語音助手。

It's improving its web services to stay competitive and pouring billions on amazon go for example.

它正在改進其網絡服務以保持競爭力，並在亞馬遜go上投入數十億美元，例如。

On top of that, the recent changes by Donald Trump on the tax code made it even better

除此之外，最近唐納德-特朗普對稅法的修改，讓它變得更加完善了

for Amazon.

為亞馬遜。

Now, they can write off their depreciation right from the beginning instead of splitting

現在，他們可以從一開始就註銷他們的折舊，而不是將其分割開來。

it for over multiple decades.

它在數十年來。

And then there is stock-based compensation.

還有就是股票補償。

It's actually a common practice among the companies.

這其實是各公司的普遍做法。

Instead of paying their employees in cash, amazon pays them in amazon shares that it

亞馬遜不以現金支付員工，而是以亞馬遜股票支付給他們，它

creates out of nothing and then simply writes off those shares from its tax bills.

無中生有，然後簡單地將這些股份從稅單中註銷。

In this way, Amazon isn't only getting free employees but also lowers its tax bill significantly.

這樣一來，亞馬遜不僅得到了免費的員工，還大大降低了稅費。

Last year, it reported over a billion dollar in stock-based compensation tax benefits.

去年，它報告了超過10億美元的股票報酬稅收優惠。

It's simple but quite nasty!

雖然簡單，但卻相當的噁心!

Its sounds simple in theory but quite difficult in practice, because to do this you need the

它在理論上聽起來很簡單，但在實踐中卻相當困難，因為要做到這一點，你需要的是

stock price to constantly rise and if you give it a closer look, it's a very well planned

股價不斷上漲，如果你仔細觀察，這是一個非常精心策劃的。

strategy.

戰略。

Amazon makes billions of dollars in revenue but then uses that cash to take over other

亞馬遜賺取數十億美元的收入，但卻用這些現金收購其他

industries and deducts it from its tax bill, that keeps the stock price increasing which

行業，並從其稅單中扣除，這使股價不斷上漲，這也是我們的目標。

allows amazon to pay its employees in stocks instead of cash and writes that off again

允許亞馬遜用股票而不是現金支付員工，並將其再次註銷。

from its tax bill.

從其稅單。

So, at the end of the day, the company keeps growing making Jeff Bezos wealthier but their

所以，到了最後，公司不斷髮展讓傑夫-貝佐斯變得更加富有，但他們的。

tax bill stays fairly moderate.

稅單保持相當溫和。

In 2018, the company reported 11.3 billion dollars in profit, instead of paying 35% corporate

2018年，公司報收113億元利潤，而不是支付35%的企業。

tax, it had to pay only 21 percent or 2.37 billion dollars since Donald Trump reduced

稅，自唐納德-特朗普減稅後，它只需支付21%或23.7億美元。

the corporate tax to “keep American firms more competitive”.

公司稅，以 "讓美國企業更具競爭力"。

But amazon's tax credits and stock-based compositions amounted to 2.5 billion dollars.

但亞馬遜的稅收抵免和股票構成達25億美元。

So instead of paying income tax, amazon actually got a 129 million dollars tax refund.

所以，亞馬遜不但沒有繳納所得稅，反而實際獲得了1.29億美元的退稅。

In fact, it wasn't their first year, a year prior to that, in 2017, the company also paid

其實，這並不是他們的第一年，在這之前的一年，2017年，公司還支付了

nothing on its $5.6 billion U.S. profits and claimed a tax fund of $140 million.

其56億美元的美國利潤一無所有，並聲稱有1.4億美元的稅收基金。

It seems like Bezos long term strategy paid off.

看來，貝佐斯的長期戰略得到了回報。

Just to be clear, that doesn't mean that Amazon doesn't pay taxes at all, it still

需要說明的是，這並不意味著亞馬遜完全不交稅，它仍然是

pays state, local and international taxes for example.

例如，支付州、地方和國際稅。

But their tax bill is significantly smaller compared to their size.

但與他們的規模相比，他們的稅費支出明顯較少。

At the end of the day, how many trillion-dollar companies do you know?!

到最後，你知道多少家萬億級的公司？

Whether it's good or bad, that's up to everyone's interpretation, but Amazon is simply

是好是壞，那是每個人都能理解的，但亞馬遜簡直是

taking advantage of the system and you can't really blame them for that.

利用系統的優勢，你真的不能責怪他們。

In fact, they are not the only one, companies were doing that for decades.

其實，他們並不是唯一的一家，幾十年來，企業都在這樣做。

Remember, the purpose of any business is to maximize profit and not pay taxes.

記住，任何企業的目的都是為了實現利潤最大化，而不是交稅。

On the other side, Amazon has provided jobs to hundreds of thousands of people, not only

另一方面，亞馬遜為數十萬人提供了工作機會，不僅是

in America but around the globe.

在美國，但在全球範圍內。

It's the second biggest employer in America just behind Walmart.

它是美國第二大僱主，僅次於沃爾瑪。

Thats probably the main reason why amazon has been growing exponentially since its inception.

這可能是亞馬遜自成立以來一直成倍增長的主要原因。

If you have invested just a thousand dollars in amazon back when it was founded, you would

如果你在亞馬遜成立之初，只投資了一千美元，你就會發現，亞馬遜是一個很有潛力的公司。

be have made 1.3 Million dollars by 2018.

到2018年，被已經賺了130萬美金。

Don't worry if you have missed the opportunity because the stock market is filled with such

如果你已經錯過了機會，不要擔心，因為股市充滿了這樣的

opportunities.

機會。

Even if you know nothing about the stock market, this course on the stock market by The Great

即使你對股市一無所知，《大》的這門股市課程也會讓你對股市一知半解。

courses Plus will teach you everything you need to know.

課程加將教你需要知道的一切。

I have taken the course.

我已經上了這門課。

Its simple, clear and straightforward.

其簡單、明瞭、直接。

they have great courses from top professors from the Ivy League

他們有來自常春藤聯盟的頂級教授的偉大課程。

and other great universities.

和其他偉大的大學。

And a huge library of over 11,000 video lectures about anything that interests

還有一個龐大的圖書館，裡面有超過11,000個視頻講座，內容涉及任何感興趣的東西。

you...science, math, history, literature, you name it!

你......科學、數學、歷史、文學，你都能說出來!

Perhaps you want to learn about the inventions that changed the course of the history.

也許你想了解那些改變歷史進程的發明。

Then you have to take this course by Bernard Calson.

那你就得上Bernard Calson的這門課。

You can try the great courses Plus with a free trial that they are offering you.

您可以嘗試他們為您提供的免費試用的偉大課程加。

Click on the link in the description to get your free trial today or go to thegreatcoursesplus.com/proactivethinker.

點擊描述中的鏈接，今天就可以獲得免費試用，或者去thegreatcoursesplus.com/proactivethinker。