They live on protected land, deep in the Amazon rainforest.

它們生活在亞馬遜雨林深處的受保護土地上。

When it was established in 1986, it was surrounded by rainforest.

1986年成立時，周圍都是雨林。

But today, it's almost completely surrounded by farms.

但如今，這裡幾乎完全被農場包圍。

This kind of encroachment is happening across the Amazon.

這種侵佔行為正在亞馬遜各地發生。

Brazil has over 400 protected indigenous lands.

巴西有400多塊受保護的土著土地。

But its booming agricultural industry has spent the last few decades clearing the rainforest around them.

但其蓬勃發展的農業產業在過去的幾十年裡，花費了大量的時間清理周圍的雨林。

Now they want in.

現在他們想加入。

And they have the perfect ally to help them.

而他們有一個完美的盟友來幫助他們。

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro wants the expansion of farms to continue.

巴西總統博爾索納羅（Jair Bolsonaro）希望繼續擴大農場的規模。

Even at the expense of protected lands.

甚至不惜犧牲保護地。

And that's put 900,000 indigenous people at the risk of losing their homes,

而這讓90萬土著人面臨失去家園的風險。

and their way of life.

和他們的生活方式。

At the start of the 20th century, Brazil was

在20世紀初，巴西是

intent on becoming a modern country.

打算成為一個現代化的國家。

Cities along the coast were already being developed.

沿海地區的城市已經在開發。

But the Amazon, which covers almost half the country, was remote, inaccessible,

但幾乎覆蓋了半個國家的亞馬遜河，卻是偏遠的，無法到達的。

and home to tens of thousands of indigenous people who had lived there for centuries.

也是數萬名土著人的家園，他們在那裡生活了數百年。

Around the 1920s, Brazil's government pushed an aggressive plan

大約在20世紀20年代，巴西政府推行了一項積極的計劃。

to change the shape of the Amazon.

來改變亞馬遜的形狀。

They brought telegraph lines, roads, schools, and people into the Amazon,

他們把電報線、道路、學校和人帶到了亞馬遜。

while forcibly these indigenous groups out of the way.

同時強行將這些土著群體趕走。

"Troops had to be called out in Brasilia

"在巴西利亞不得不出動部隊

to quell the bitter protests of thousands,

以平息數千人的痛苦抗議。

through a brief and bloodless military coup."

通過一場短暫而不流血的軍事政變。"

Then, in the 1960s, a brutal military dictatorship took over Brazil and carried out genocide

然後，在20世紀60年代，一個殘暴的軍事獨裁政權接管了巴西，並進行了種族滅絕。

against indigenous people.

侵害土著人民。

They took away their lands to build highways, mines and dams across the Amazon.

他們奪走了他們的土地，在亞馬遜河上修建公路、礦山和水壩。

During this time, more than 8,300 indigenous people were killed,

在此期間，有8 300多名土著人被殺害。

and tens of thousands had lost their homes.

和數以萬計的人失去了家園。

In 1985, the military regime collapsed and Brazil became a democracy.

1985年，軍政權垮臺，巴西成為民主國家。

The new constitution included historic reparations for the country's indigenous people.

新憲法包括對該國土著人民的歷史性賠償。

It recognized their culture and traditions.

它承認他們的文化和傳統。

And even gave them a way to get their lands back.

甚至給了他們一個拿回土地的方法。

Indigenous groups could claim their traditional territory with a government agency, called

土著群體可以向政府機構提出對其傳統領地的要求，該機構稱為 "土著人"。

FUNAI, that would demarcate the borders of a new protected land.

FUNAI，這將劃定新的保護地的邊界。

After final approval from Brazil's president, FUNAI would then monitor and protect it.

在巴西總統最終準許後，FUNAI將對其進行監督和保護。

Soon, protected indigenous lands were being set up all over the Amazon.

很快，亞馬遜各地都建立了受保護的土著土地。

And today they make up around 13% of the country.

而如今他們佔全國的13%左右。

Which includes the Karitiana's land.

其中包括卡里蒂安娜的土地。

But it wasn't long before these lands would be threatened again.

但沒過多久，這些土地又會受到威脅。

From the 1990s to the 2000s, Brazil's economy

從20世紀90年代到2000年代，巴西的經

was one of the fastest growing in the world - fueled, primarily, by agriculture.

是世界上增長最快的國家之一--主要是由農業推動的。

The country became one of the top producers of beef and soybeans,

該國成為牛肉和大豆的主要生產國之一。

while logging and mining were also significant industries.

而伐木和採礦業也是重要的產業。

But the economic boom had a downside.

但經濟繁榮也有弊端。

All of these industries needed more and more land, a lot of which came from the Amazon.

這些產業都需要越來越多的土地，其中很多土地來自亞馬遜河。

The rainforest was rapidly cut down in Para, Rondonia, and Mato Grosso states,

帕拉州、隆多尼亞州和馬託格羅索州的雨林被迅速砍伐。

to make room for cattle pastures and farms,

以騰出空間給牛場和農場。

often leaving the protected indigenous lands as the only forest left.

往往使受保護的土著土地成為唯一的森林；

Before long, Brazil's agricultural industry wanted to gain access to these areas too.

不久，巴西的農業產業也想獲得這些地區的使用權。

And they found support within the government.

而且他們在政府內部找到了支持。

They lobbied to weaken the rules around protected indigenous lands that they claimed were barriers to progress.

他們進行遊說，以削弱有關受保護的土著土地的規則，他們聲稱這些規則是進步的障礙。

And their pressure started to show results...

而他們的壓力也開始顯現出效果......

From 2003 to 2010, President Lula da Silva approved 87 indigenous reserves.

從2003年到2010年，盧拉-達席爾瓦總統準許了87個土著保留地。

But his successor, Dilma Rousseff, approved just 21.

但他的繼任者迪爾瑪-羅塞夫只准許了21。

Followed by Michel Temer, who approved only one.

繼米歇爾-特梅爾之後，他只准許了一。

Rousseff and Temer also cut FUNAI's funding, which forced the agency to close

羅塞夫和特梅爾還削減了FUNAI的資金，迫使該機構關閉。

dozens of offices in the Amazon, leaving indigenous people unprotected.

在亞馬遜地區設立了幾十個辦事處，使土著人民得不到保護。

As FUNAI's power declined, illegal invasions of protected indigenous lands increased.

隨著國家印第安人基金會權力的下降，對受保護的土著人土地的非法入侵增加。

By 2017, Brazil's indigenous were under attack.

到2017年，巴西的土著人受到了攻擊。

Loggers, ranchers, and farmers felt emboldened

伐木工人、牧場主和農民感到膽戰心驚。

under a government heavily influenced by the agricultural industry.

在一個深受農業影響的政府下。

And soon, the man leading Brazil's presidential race would further tip the scales in their favor.

而很快，巴西總統競選的領頭人將進一步向他們傾斜。

As a former member of the Army during the military regime, he shared many of their

作為軍政府時期的前軍人，他與他們有許多相同的經歷。

oppressive political views, especially those towards indigenous groups:

壓迫性的政治觀點，特別是針對土著群體的觀點。

These words earned him the endorsement of the agricultural industry,

這些話為他贏得了農業行業的認可。

but deeply worried indigenous groups.

但令土著群體深感憂慮。

As soon as Bolsonaro took office, he turned his attention to the indigenous.

博爾索納羅一上任，就把目光投向了土著人。

He slashed FUNAI's budget, and hasn't approved any new lands.

他削減了FUNAI的預算，也沒有準許任何新的土地。

In fact, he's proposed taking away FUNAI's power to demarcate new lands entirely.

事實上，他建議完全剝奪FUNAI劃定新土地的權力。

And he appointed a former police officer, with strong ties to the agriculture industry,

而且他還任命了一名前警官，與農業行業關係密切。

to lead FUNAI.

來上司FUNAI。

Under Bolsonaro, invasions of indigenous lands have skyrocketed in just the first 9 months of 2019.

在博爾索納羅的上司下，僅在2019年前9個月，對土著土地的入侵就急劇增加。

Just ten days after Bolsonaro took office in January 2019,

就在博爾索納羅2019年1月上任十天後。

40 armed men invaded this land.

40名武裝人員入侵了這片土地。

By May, 20,000 illegal miners had invaded the Yanomami reserve.

到5月，有2萬名非法礦工侵入柳美保護區。

And in July, invaders cleared a huge section of forest in the Xikrin land.

而在7月，入侵者在西克林地清理了一大片森林。

The Karitiana are worried that they could be next.

卡里蒂亞納人擔心他們可能是下一個。

Illegal agricultural activities have been happening here,

這裡一直有非法農業活動發生。

right next to the Karitiana land.

就在卡里蒂亞納地旁邊。

And they've brought actual threats of violence to the people living there.

而且他們給住在那裡的人帶來了實際的暴力威脅。

In the past, the indigenous groups had FUNAI,

過去，土著群體有FUNAI。

a protective agency they could turn to for help.

他們可以向保護機構尋求幫助。

But now they're left to rely on themselves.

但現在他們只能靠自己了。

Hi, thanks for watching the third and final episode of Vox Atlas: the Amazon mini-series.

嗨，感謝觀看《Vox Atlas：亞馬遜迷你係列》第三集也是最後一集。

My name is Ana Terra Athayde

我叫安娜-泰拉-阿泰德

and I'm a video journalist based in Brazil.

我是一名視頻記者，常駐巴西。

I went to the Amazon to report on the ground and to meet with

我去亞馬遜報告實地情況，並會見了。

the people who provided us with invaluable information.

為我們提供寶貴資訊的人。

I want to thank them all for their time and for sharing their concerns with us.

我要感謝他們都花了很多時間，與我們分享他們的關切。

Make sure to watch the series' previous videos.

一定要看該系列之前的視頻。

The first one explains what drives deforestation in the rainforest.

第一篇解釋了是什麼原因導致雨林中的森林被砍伐。

And in the second video, we take a look at the rubber industry in the Amazon,

而在第二段視頻中，我們就來看看亞馬遜的橡膠產業。

and the work and legacy of Chico Mendes.

以及奇科-門德斯的工作和遺產。

Thanks again for watching.

再次感謝您的觀看。