This is French comedian Jacques Bodoin in 1969.

這是1969年的法國喜劇演員雅克-波多因。

This is country star Larry Gatlin in 1979 and soul artist Al Green in 1972.

這是1979年的鄉村明星Larry Gatlin和1972年的靈魂藝術家Al Green。

This is the British synthpop band, Heaven 17, in 1981.

這就是1981年的英國Synthpop樂隊 "天堂17"。

These artists work span decades, genres, and continents, but their album art had one thing

這些藝術家的作品跨越了數十年、流派和大陸，但他們的專輯藝術都有一個特點

in common.

的共同點。

They were all sitting in the same exact chair.

他們都坐在同樣的椅子上。

And it wasn't just them, this chair popped up on album covers everywhere.

不僅僅是他們，這張椅子出現在各地的專輯封面上。

Now, you could easily chalk this up to being one of many weird album cover trends over

現在，你可以很容易地將其歸結為許多奇怪的專輯封面趨勢之一。

the years.

幾年來。

But in the 1970s, when these album covers were pretty much unavoidable,

但在上世紀70年代，當時這些專輯封面幾乎是無法避免的。

they were actually following a photography trope that was 100 years in the making.

他們其實是按照攝影的套路，是100年的製作。

Let's start with this photograph of Charles Darwin, the famed naturalist, relaxing in

讓我們從這張照片開始，著名的自然學家查爾斯-達爾文，在這裡休閒。

his old age at his English home in 1880.

1880年，他在英國家中安享晚年。

On this wicker chair.

在這張藤椅上。

At the turn of the 20th century, wicker furniture was all the rage.

20世紀初，柳條傢俱風靡一時。

Its success was driven by the fact that breezy open air spaces, like verandas and porches,

其成功的原因是，微風的露天空間，如陽臺和門廊。

were in high demand.

的需求量很大。

This was long before homes were air conditioned, and when the summer came around, no one in

這時家裡還沒有空調，夏天來了，沒有人在。

their right mind - and with a decent amount of money - wanted to overheat.

他們正常的頭腦--而且有相當多的錢--想過熱。

This June 1914 guide on “How to have a cool house” suggests

這本1914年6月的 "如何擁有一個涼爽的房子 "指南建議

replacing walls with curtains, building sleeping porches,

用窗簾更換牆壁，建造睡廊。

and filling the entire living space with wicker furniture.

並用柳條傢俱填充整個生活空間。

In short, “bring summer into the house.”

簡而言之，就是 "把夏天帶進家門"。

Outside of the home, wicker was used in resort hotels.

在家庭之外，度假酒店也使用了柳條。

At the beach and on ocean liners

在海灘和遠洋輪船上

and passenger planes.

和客機。

And it wasn't just furniture, there were wicker baby carriages

不僅僅是傢俱，還有柳條嬰兒車。

and wheelchairs and this….thing.

和輪椅，還有這個......東西。

but perhaps its most lasting function well, besides baskets

但也許它最持久的功能，以及，除了籃子

was its use in portrait photography.

是其在人像攝影中的應用。

Wicker was light and easy to move around, and it was breathable, great for when hot

柳條很輕，方便活動，而且透氣性好，很適合熱的時候使用。

lights warmed the studio.

燈光溫暖了工作室。

More importantly it could be woven into countless eye-catching decorative forms.

更重要的是，它可以被編織成無數搶眼的裝飾造型。

Many of these designs - particularly this ornate asymmetrical one -

許多這些設計--特別是這個華麗的不對稱的設計--都是為了讓人覺得很有面子。

were actually called photographer's chairs, or posing chairs.

其實是叫攝影師椅，或者叫擺拍椅。

From the late 1800s well into the 20th century, no portrait was complete without a trusty

從19世紀末到20世紀，如果沒有一個可靠的肖像，就沒有完整的肖像。

wicker chair.

柳條椅。

Now these were everyday people - a young woman a mother and child

現在這些都是日常的人--一個年輕的女人 一個母親和孩子

A handy man and shoe polisher.

是個心靈手巧的人，也是個擦鞋匠。

But just as often you'd see portraits of powerful, influential people photographed

但就像你經常會看到有權勢、有影響力的人的肖像照一樣。

in wicker chairs - often in seemingly candid positions.

在柳條椅上--經常以看似坦率的姿勢。

Mark Twain William K. Vanderbilt

馬克-吐溫 William K. Vanderbilt

Countless presidents...

無數總統...

Hanging out on their porches The wicker chair, it seemed, was the superficial

在他們的門廊上閒逛 柳條椅，似乎是表面的。

equalizer.

均衡器。

It dressed up your average citizen and made powerful figures seem approachable.

它把你的普通市民打扮得漂漂亮亮，讓強大的人物顯得平易近人。

And the styles changed along with trends.

而風格也隨著潮流而改變。

While many were designed in the US and Europe, a few incredibly popular models came from

雖然許多車型都是在美國和歐洲設計的，但也有一些非常受歡迎的車型來自美國。

Asia.

亞洲：

Those pieces were recognizable by their hour-glass shaped bottom.

那幾件作品的辨識度很高，因為它們的底部是沙漏形的。

And if you opened a magazine or newspaper by 1920, one particular style captured people's

如果你在1920年之前翻開一本雜誌或報紙，有一種特殊的風格吸引了人們的目光。

attention - the peacock chair.

注意--孔雀椅。

Its hour-glass shape morphed into a large throne like back.

它的沙漏形狀化成了一個大寶座一樣的背影。

It was often described as “picturesque” “elegant” and “majestic”

人們常以 "風景如畫""優雅""雄偉 "來形容它。

By the 1920s, the peacock chair took center stage in ads for summer home furniture,

到了20世紀20年代，孔雀椅在夏季家居傢俱的廣告中佔據了中心位置。

And when the burgeoning film industry was producing it's first crop of movie stars,

而當蓬勃發展的電影業正在產生第一批電影明星的時候。

it was a natural fit for portrait photography.

這是一個自然而然的人像攝影的契機。

But let's backtrack for a second to one of the earliest photographs of the

但是，讓我們回溯一下，最早的一張照片是這樣的

chair I could find - it's not of a movie star.

我可以找到的椅子 - 這不是一個電影明星的。

It's a portrait of a mother with her child, published around 1914.

這是一幅母親與孩子的肖像畫，發表於1914年前後。

It's titled “Jailbird in a peacock chair.”

它的標題是 "孔雀椅上的囚鳥"。

This woman was a prisoner - serving life for killing her husband.

這個女人是個囚犯--因為殺了她的丈夫而終身服刑。

And it was likely taken at Bilibid Prison in the Philippines.

而且很可能是在菲律賓的Bilibid監獄拍攝的。

At the time the photo was taken, the Philippines were under US rule, and American tourists

拍攝照片的時候，菲律賓正處於美國的統治之下，美國遊客

were visiting the islands by the boatloads.

正乘船訪問這些島嶼。

Bilibid Prison was an unlikely attraction - not only did it serve as a jail — it was

Bilibid監獄是一個不太可能的景點--它不僅是一個監獄--它還是一個很好的地方。

also a manufacturing facility.

也是一個製造工廠。

Equipped with its own sales department for shoppers to pursue.

配備了自己的售樓部，供顧客追求。

This 1913 write up from an American tourist describes the place and mentions the infamous

這篇1913年一位美國遊客寫的文章描述了這個地方，並提到了臭名昭著的

chair: “We are familiar with the queer shaped chair made of rattan called by some “Peacock

椅子。"我們很熟悉這種用藤條做的奇形怪狀的椅子，有人叫它孔雀椅"

chair”... it is made at Bilibid Prison.”

椅子"... ...它是在Bilibid監獄製造的。"

And a 1916 Vogue article about “Shopping in the Far East” says a stop at the prison

而1916年《Vogue》一篇關於 "遠東購物 "的文章說，在監獄裡停了下來。

is a must.

是必須的。

This nameless prisoner likely took part in making those chairs.

這個無名囚犯很可能參與了這些椅子的製作。

She wasn't famous or a powerful figure — but sitting in the chair transformed her into

她並不出名，也不是什麼有權勢的人物--但坐在椅子上的她，卻變成了。

something regal.

莊嚴的東西。

By the 1960s dozens of iconic figures had posed with that same chair.

到了20世紀60年代，有數十位標誌性人物與這把椅子擺出了同樣的姿勢。

Poets, writers, presidents, Famed actresses.

詩人、作家、總統、著名女演員。

The chair appeared in television and film Like in My Fair Lady, which was set during

這把椅子出現在電視和電影《像在窈窕淑女》中，該片的背景是在19世紀末。

the turn of the 20th century.

20世紀初。

Cecil Beaton, the set designer for the film, was obsessed with wicker furniture.

影片的佈景設計師塞西爾-比頓對柳條傢俱情有獨鍾。

This picture of Marilyn Monroe?

這張瑪麗蓮-夢露的照片？

He took it.

他接過來了。

In the 1960s, album cover designers picked up on the trend.

在20世紀60年代，專輯封面設計師們開始了這股潮流。

And over the next two decades, portraits of artists in the peacock chair peristed.

而在接下來的20年裡，孔雀椅上的藝術家肖像也一直存在。

These covers can be broken up into a few categories.

這些封面可以分為幾類。

One I like to call the casual leg.

其中我喜歡叫休閒腿。

There's the close up.

有特寫。

And the group shot.

還有那組鏡頭。

For this one, the person is just randomly in an open field.

對於這個人來說，就是隨便在一個空曠的場地裡。

And finally, there's this one.

最後，還有這個。

Best represented by Funkadelic's 1979 album “Uncle Jam Wants You” which references

最具代表性的是Funkadelic在1979年的專輯《Uncle Jam Wants You》，其中引用了《Uncle Jam Wants You》。

two specific things.

兩件具體的事情。

The “Uncle Sam Wants” you Army recruitment poster

"山姆大叔要 "你的徵兵海報

And this photo of Black Panther Party co-founder and leader, Huey Newton sitting in the peacock

而這張黑豹黨聯合創始人兼領導人休伊-牛頓坐在孔雀的照片。

chair.

主席：

In 1967 when that photo was taken - it immediately became a visual representation of the Black

1967年，當這張照片被拍下時，它立即成為了黑人的視覺代表。

Power movement.

權力運動。

And the chair took on a whole new meaning.

而這把椅子也有了全新的意義。

It showed up at Black Panther meetings and rallies, even when Newton couldn't.

它出現在黑豹會議和集會上，即使牛頓不能。

It took up residence, in all it's glory at the center of the stage.

它住了下來，在舞臺的中心，它的榮耀。

While most album covers with the peacock chair drew their inspiration from the casual glamour

雖然大多數專輯封面上的孔雀椅的靈感來自於休閒的魅力

of mid-century celebrity portraits Some artists saw it as an assertion of their

有些藝術家認為這是他們對自己的主張。

cultural power — even today that's one of this chair's most lasting legacies.

文化力量--即使在今天，這也是這把椅子最持久的遺產之一。

The peacock chair album cover petered out in the 1980s and was replaced by more minimalist

孔雀椅的專輯封面在80年代逐漸衰落，取而代之的是更加簡約的孔雀椅。

and intimate portraits of people.

和親密的人像。

But it remains one of the most referenced chairs in photography - perhaps because it

但它仍然是攝影界最值得參考的椅子之一--也許是因為它是一個很好的選擇。

makes everyone sitting in it look really cool.

讓坐在裡面的每個人都顯得非常酷。