In improving our study habits and becoming more effective students, what works for one

在改善我們的學習習慣，成為更有效的學生的過程中，什麼是有效的呢？

person may be the very opposite of what works for someone else.

的人可能與別人的工作方式截然相反。

Let's go over different personality types, and how each can best create better habits.

讓我們來介紹一下不同的性格類型，以及每種性格類型如何才能最好地創造更好的習慣。

What's going on guys, Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsider.com.

這是怎麼回事夥計們，朱波醫生，醫學流派內幕網。

I recently read the book Four Tendencies by Gretchen Rubin.

最近我讀了格雷琴-魯賓的《四種傾向》一書。

In it, she describes four personality tendencies and how they interact with the world.

在其中，她描述了四種性格傾向以及它們如何與世界互動。

In this video, I'll help you determine your personality tendency and empower you with

在這段視頻中，我將幫助你確定你的性格傾向，並賦予你以下能力

the tools that are most effective for your personality type.

對你的性格類型最有效的工具。

First, let's briefly go over the four tendencies.

首先，我們簡單介紹一下這四種傾向。

However, to accurately assess yourself, check out the four tendencies quiz and a four tendencies

不過，為了準確評估自己，可以看看四種傾向的測驗和四種傾向。

book.

書。

Link in the description below.

鏈接在下面的描述中。

After taking the quiz, let us know your tendency down in the comments.

測驗後，請在評論中告訴我們你的傾向。

Unlike other personality frameworks like Myers Briggs, Enneagram, Strengths finder and others,

不同於其他性格框架，如Myers Briggs、Enneagram、Strengths finder等。

the four tendencies doesn't cramp several elements into each category.

四種傾向並沒有把幾個要素擠到每一類中去。

Instead, the four tendencies focus on just one narrow aspect of a person's character;

相反，這四種傾向只關注一個人性格中狹隘的一個方面。

why we act and why we don't act.

我們為什麼要行動，為什麼不行動。

While we know it is tremendously difficult to change our nature, the four Tendencies

雖然我們知道要改變我們的本性是非常困難的，但四種趨向

provide us with the tools to change our circumstances in a way that suits us.

為我們提供工具，以適合我們的方式改變我們的環境。

There are four categories or tendencies; upholders, questioners, obligers and rebels.

有四種類型或傾向：擁護者、質疑者、義務者和反叛者。

These categories are based off of the premise of expectations.

這些類別是建立在預期的前提下的。

Specifically, how one responds to internal and external expectations.

具體來說，就是如何應對內部和外部的期望。

Outer expectations are those outside of your control, like homework, deadlines, tests and

外在的期望是指那些在你控制之外的期望，比如作業、截止日期、測試和。

requests from others.

別人的請求。

Inner expectations are those that you create yourself, like promising yourself to exercise

內心的期望是你自己創造的，比如答應自己要鍛鍊身體

five times per week, limiting TV time or creating weekly YouTube videos.

每週五次，限制電視時間或每週製作YouTube視頻。

Now, upholders respond readily to both outer and inner expectations.

現在，維護者對外在和內在的期望都很容易做出反應。

Questioners question all expectations.

質疑者質疑所有的期望。

They meet an expectation only if they believe it's justified.

他們只有在認為合理的情況下，才會滿足一個期望。

So in effect, they respond only to inner expectations.

所以實際上，他們只回應了內心的期望。

Obligers respond readily to outer expectations, but they struggle to meet inner expectations.

義務者很容易對外在的期望作出反應，但他們卻很難滿足內在的期望。

Rebels resist all expectations, both outer and inner.

叛逆者抵制一切期望，包括外在和內在。

Gretchen uses a joke to illustrate a point "How do you get an upholder to change a lightbulb?

Gretchen用一個笑話來說明一個觀點 "如何讓一個維護者去換一個燈泡?

He's already changed it.

他已經改變了。

How do you get a questioner to change a lightbulb?

如何讓提問者換燈泡？

Why do we need to change that light bulb anyway?

我們為什麼要換那個燈泡呢？

How do you get an obligor to change a light bulb?

如何讓義務人換燈泡？

Ask him to change it.

叫他改。

And how do you get a rebel to change a light bulb?

那你怎麼讓一個叛逆者去換燈泡呢？

Just do it yourself".

自己做就行"。

Obligors are the most common tendency at 41% of the population followed by questioners

義務人是最常見的傾向，佔41%，其次是提問者。

at 24% then upholders at 19% and last, rebels at 17%.

24%，然後是維護者，19%，最後是反叛者，17%。

Now, let's go over each tendency.

現在，讓我們來看看每種傾向。

First, the upholder.

首先，維護者。

Think Hermione Granger from Harry Potter.

想想《哈利波特》裡的赫敏-格蘭傑。

Again, upholders are those that respond to both inner and outer expectations.

再次，維護者是迴應內心和外在期望的人。

They love schedules and routines.

他們喜歡時間表和例行公事。

They like to know what's expected of them and they don't like making mistakes or letting

他們喜歡知道對他們的期望，他們不喜歡犯錯誤或讓

people down, including themselves.

的人，包括他們自己。

Upholders find it easy to form habits.

上位者覺得容易形成習慣。

In terms of strengths, they are very self-directed and have little trouble meeting deadlines,

在長處方面，他們的自我管理能力很強，在截止日期前幾乎沒有問題。

managing tasks and fulfilling commitments.

管理任務和履行承諾；

They love discipline and it doesn't make them feel trapped.

他們喜歡紀律，而且不會讓他們感到被困。

Instead, it makes them feel creative and free because they can execute any plan they want.

相反，它讓他們感到有創造力和自由，因為他們可以執行任何他們想要的計劃。

Their self motivation and reliability is second to none.

他們的自覺性和可靠性是首屈一指的。

But, in terms of weaknesses, they can be too rigid feeling, compelled to follow the rules

但是，就弱點而言，他們會有太過僵化的感覺，被迫循規蹈矩。

even when it's more sensible to ignore them.

即使忽略他們是更明智的。

They can be disapproving, judgmental and uneasy when others misbehave even in minor ways.

當別人的行為不端時，哪怕是很小的行為，他們也會不贊同、評判和不安。

Flexibility and adaptability are often lacking.

往往缺乏靈活性和適應性。

They can seem humorless, uptight and impatient.

他們會顯得毫無幽默感，緊張而不耐煩。

They hate screwing up, so defensiveness and hostility may arise when they've made a mistake.

他們討厭把事情搞砸，所以當他們犯了錯誤時，可能會產生防禦性和敵意。

Now, as a student, how can we apply this with study habits?

現在，作為一名學生，我們如何用學習習慣來應用呢？

The rigidity of upholders may lead them to spend their time ineffectively.

維護者的僵化可能會導致他們無效地花費時間。

They may feel compelled to read the entirety of every textbook chapter, versus approaching

他們可能會覺得必須要讀完課本的每一章，與接近

more efficient means of information transfer.

更有效的資訊傳遞手段。

Check out my video on the Truth About Speed Reading for tips on how to actually read faster.

請看我的視頻《速讀的真相》，瞭解如何真正讀得更快的技巧。

They also have trouble delegating responsibilities, which often results in them doing most of

他們也很難將責任下放，結果往往是他們做了大部分的工作。

the work in group projects.

小組項目中的工作；

If you're an Upholder, be cognizant of your tendency toward rigidity and remind yourself

如果你是一個上位者，要認識到自己的僵化傾向，並提醒自己： 1.

to question your way of studying.

來質疑自己的學習方式。

Even if it is what the professor said, or feels right, or seems like the correct thing

即使是教授說的，或者感覺是對的，或者似乎是正確的事情

to do, see if there's a way to improve.

要做的，看看有沒有辦法改進。

Resist the urge to do something for the sole reason that you feel like you're supposed

抵制做某事的衝動，只因為你覺得自己應該做某事。

to it.

到它。

Next, let's talk about questioners, like Steve Jobs.

接下來，我們來談談提問者，比如喬布斯。

Questioners meet only inner expectations, which includes outer expectations that they've

提問者只滿足內心的期望，其中包括外在的期望，他們已經

deemed important and turned into inner expectations.

認為重要，並變成了內心的期望。

They are committed to information, logic, and efficiency.

他們致力於資訊、邏輯和效率。

They love improving processes.

他們喜歡改進流程。

The Questioner is the person that takes extensive time researching products before choosing

提問者是指在選擇產品之前需要進行廣泛研究的人。

the best one, or the one that spends countless hours researching what the best diet or exercise

最好的一個，或一個花了無數時間研究什麼是最好的飲食或運動

regimen is to most efficiently get into shape.

養生之道是最有效地進入狀態。

If you're questioning the entire Four Tendency premise, you're probably a Questioner.

如果你對整個 "四化 "的前提提出質疑，你可能是個質疑者。

In terms of strengths, Questioners are data-driven, evidence-based, fair-minded, and interested

在優勢方面，提問者以數據為導向，以證據為基礎，心態公正，有興趣。

in creating and improving systems that are efficient and effective.

在建立和改進高效和有效的系統方面；

They're willing to play devil's advocate and critically examine both sides of an argument.

他們願意扮演魔鬼的代言人，批判性地審視爭論的雙方。

But their constant questioning can be tiresome, draining and obstructive.

但是，他們不斷的質問會讓人厭煩、枯燥和阻撓。

Questioners may also suffer from analysis paralysis, where their desire for more research

提問者也可能患有分析麻痺症，他們希望進行更多的研究。

and perfect information can hold them back from making decisions and acting.

和完善的資訊會阻礙他們的決策和行動。

Because they are great at questioning, Questioners can easily find rationale for avoiding an

因為他們很擅長提問，提問者很容易找到理由來回避一個。

expectation or breaking a good habit.

期待或打破好習慣。

Their ability to find loopholes results in them shooting themselves in the foot.

他們找漏洞的能力，導致他們自投羅網。

It also can keep them from listening to sound advice, like when Steve Jobs opted for alternative

這也會讓他們聽不進合理的建議，就像喬布斯選擇了另類的

treatments for his pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor – the type of pancreatic cancer that

他的胰腺神經內分泌腫瘤的治療--這種胰腺癌的類型。

is very treatable with western medicine.

是非常可以用西藥治療的。

Now as a student, I see two pitfalls with questioners.

現在作為一個學生，我看到提問者有兩個陷阱。

First, over-deliberation.

第一，過度考慮。

Avoid the urge to dig deeper, and rather remind yourself to focus on the ultimate aim.

避免深挖的衝動，而是提醒自己專注於最終的目標。

Sometimes taking a step back and looking at the bigger picture will help you achieve your

有時候，退一步看大局，會幫助你實現你的。

academic goals.

學術目標。

Second, you probably are irked by the seemingly meaningless busy work or assignments with

其次，你可能會對看似毫無意義的繁忙工作或作業感到不爽，有了

seemingly little value.

看似價值不大。

Questioning your assignments and tests does little in helping you get good grades and

對你的作業和考試提出質疑，對你取得好成績和

get into medical school.

進了醫學院。

Instead, focus on the second order of reason.

而不是專注於理性的第二順序。

“Yes, this assignment is pure busy work, and it's a waste of my time, but I want

"是的，這個任務純屬忙活，而且是在浪費我的時間，但我想

to earn my professor's respect and get a killer letter of recommendation.

為了贏得教授的尊重，得到一封殺手級的推薦信。

My ultimate goal justifies doing it his way.”

我的最終目標就是按他的方式來做。"

Questioners can motivate themselves to change habits by framing behavior change as an experiment.

提問者可以通過將行為改變作為一個實驗來激勵自己改變習慣。

This approach appeals to the questioners desire to gather information, customize and optimize.

這種方式迎合了提問者收集資訊、定製和優化的慾望。

Obligers readily meet outer expectations from others, but struggled to meet inner expectations

義務者樂於滿足他人的外在期望，但難以滿足內心的期望。

they want to impose on themselves.

他們想強加給自己。

External accountability is huge for obligers.

對義務人來說，外部問責是巨大的。

In this sense, they will meet deadlines, keep promises and follow-through for others.

從這個意義上講，他們會在最後期限前完成任務，遵守承諾，併為他人貫徹執行。

In terms of strengths, obligers are the rock.

從實力上看，義務人是石頭。

They're the ones that people can count on.

他們是人們可以信賴的人。

There are great leaders, team members friends and family members.

有優秀的上司、團隊成員朋友和家人。

They put others ahead of themselves and as a result, they are incredibly dependable and

他們把別人放在自己的前面，是以，他們是非常可靠的和

responsible.

負責。

Of all tendency types, obligors tend to get along most easily with other tendencies.

在所有傾向類型中，義務人往往最容易與其他傾向相處。

Obligors struggle to follow through for themselves even though they're great at following through

義務人即使很擅長貫徹執行，也要為自己而努力貫徹執行

for others.

為他人。

Whether it's exercising, studying more every day, saying no to friends on a Friday night,

無論是鍛鍊身體，還是每天多學習，週五晚上對朋友說不。

they often fail.

他們往往會失敗。

By not taking care of themselves, they are susceptible to overwork and burnout.

不照顧自己，就容易出現過度疲勞和倦怠。

If the burden of outer expectations becomes too much, obligors go into “Obliger-rebellion”,

如果外在期望的負擔過重，義務人就會進入 "奧拜格-反抗 "狀態。

where they snap and refuse to meet an expectation any more.

在那裡，他們崩潰了，並拒絕滿足一個期望了。

This can be small and symbolic, or large and destructive.

這可以是小的、象徵性的，也可以是大的、破壞性的。

Now, as a student, to stay on track, Obligers have a secret weapon.

現在，作為一名學生，為了保持正常的學習狀態，歐博人有一個祕密武器。

Accountability.

問責制。

The way accountability is most effectively implemented will vary from Obliger to Obliger.

問責制最有效的實施方式將因奧布利格而異。

For most, it will be in the form of one or more accountability partners who can best

對大多數人來說，這將是一個或多個問責夥伴的形式，他們可以最好地將自己的責任推給別人。

help them with positive reinforcement in the form of praise and encouragement.

以表揚和鼓勵的形式幫助他們進行積極的強化。

Reminders, on the other hand, may feel like nagging, which may trigger Obliger-rebellion.

另一方面，提醒可能會讓人覺得很嘮叨，可能會引發Obliger-rebellion。

Because finding a reliable accountability partner is difficult among friends and family,

因為在親朋好友中找到一個可靠的責任夥伴是很難的。

Obligers may do better with a professional.

義務人不妨找專業的人來做。

For example, personal trainers can be great accountability partners for your fitness goals.

例如，私人教練可以成為你健身目標的重要問責夥伴。

For studying, seeking a professional mentor or tutor, like the ones offered on MedSchoolInsiders.com,

學習上，要尋求專業的導師或輔導老師，比如醫考網提供的。

can radically improve your effectiveness and grades.

可以從根本上提高你的效率和成績。

And last the rebel.

最後是反叛者。

Rebels resist all expectations both in and outter.

叛逆者抵擋住了所有的期望，內外兼修。

The ability to choose freely is of utmost importance to them.

自由選擇的能力對他們來說是最重要的。

Sometimes they'll even make a choice against their own self-interest, just to reassure

有時候，他們甚至會做出違背自身利益的選擇，只是為了讓人放心。

themselves that they're able to have the freedom to choose.

自己能夠有選擇的自由。

They love to defy customs and conventions.

他們喜歡違背習俗和慣例。

Rebels believe in their own uniqueness, sometimes even to the point of arrogance.

叛逆者相信自己的獨特性，有時甚至到了自大的地步。

When a Rebel finds his or her cause, their calling, then that becomes their master and

當一個叛逆者找到了他或她的事業，他們的使命，那麼就會成為他們的主人和

they can accomplish anything.

他們可以完成任何事情。

Rebels are the ones that were looking forward to surprising you by completing a certain

叛逆者是那些期待著給你驚喜的人，他們完成了某個

task, but the minute you asked them to do it, they lost all interest in doing it.

任務，但你一讓他們做，他們就完全失去了做的興趣。

In terms of strengths, the Rebel dislike of constraint can be a positive force, empowering

在優勢方面，叛逆者不喜歡約束，可以成為一種積極的力量，增強

them to resist smoking, junk food, alcohol, and any other addictive and toxic habit that

他們要抵制吸菸、垃圾食品、酒精和其他任何上癮和有毒的習慣，這也是他們的目標。

begins to feel confining and controlling.

開始感到拘束和控制。

They're independent-minded, able to think outside the box, and unswayed by conventional

他們思想獨立，能跳出常規思維，不受傳統觀念的影響。

wisdom.

智慧。

They're usually in touch with their authentic desires.

他們通常會接觸到自己真實的慾望。

Now, on the other hand, their rebellious nature makes them often uncooperative, inconsiderate,

現在，另一方面，他們的叛逆性使他們經常不合作，不體諒人。

and restless.

而躁動不安。

They have difficulty accomplishing tasks that need to be done consistently and the same

他們很難完成需要持續和相同的任務。

way each time.

的方式，每次。

They struggle with routines and planning.

他們在例行公事和計劃中掙扎。

Student rebels perform better when they are able to frame actions in terms of their own

當學生叛逆者能夠從自己的角度出發來構思行動時，他們的表現會更好。

choice, freedom and self-expression instead of constraint and duty.

選擇、自由和自我表達，而不是約束和責任。

Telling yourself “I must do X” will not be as effective as “It's up to me, of

告訴自己 "我一定要做X "的效果不如 "這要靠我自己"。

course, but doing X is often effective.”

當然，但做X往往是有效的"。

If you tell them they can't do something, they may respond with “I'll show you”

如果你告訴他們不能做某事，他們可能會回答 "我給你看"

or “Watch me”.

或 "看著我"。

For example, “This class is hard, I don't think you can get an A in it.

比如："這門課很難，我覺得你不可能得A。

Your first quiz was a B-.

你的第一次測驗是B-。

Maybe you should give up trying.”

也許你應該放棄嘗試。"

This statement may fire up a Rebel to prove you wrong, and may surprise both you and themself.

這句話可能會激起叛軍證明你是錯的，可能會讓你和他們自己都感到驚訝。

Now, the natural question you may have is “which Tendency is the best?”

現在，你可能會有一個自然的問題是 "哪種傾向是最好的？"

To answer that is actually quite simple.

要回答這個問題其實很簡單。

There is no best Tendency.

沒有最好的趨向。

As you have now learned, each tendency has its own unique characteristics which both

正如你現在已經瞭解到的那樣，每一種傾向都有其獨特的特點，既可以

contribute its strengths and weaknesses.

貢獻其優勢和劣勢。

The key, rather, is learning to exploit your Tendency to your benefit, maximizing your

關鍵，而是要學會利用你的Tendency，使你的利益最大化。

strengths and working around your weaknesses.

優勢，並圍繞自己的弱點開展工作。

This video provided you with the tools to make it happen, now go implement.

這個視頻為你提供了實現它的工具，現在去實施吧。

I'm now gonna turn it on to you, first, tell me what your tendency is down in the comments

我現在要開給你看，先在評論裡告訴我你的傾向是什麼？

below.

下面是：

And for those of you who have been following the channel for some time, I'm curious to

而對於那些一直關注這個頻道的人來說，我很好奇的就是

hear what you think my tendency is.

聽聽你認為我的傾向是什麼。

Take a guess, and I'll share my results on the Med School Insiders Facebook and Instagram

猜一猜，我會在Med School Insiders Facebook和Instagram上分享我的結果。

pages.

頁。

I also want to take this moment to thank all of my Patreon supporters.

我也想借此機會感謝所有支持我的Patreon的人。

Your support Helps make videos like these possible.

您的支持有助於使這樣的視頻成為可能。

If you want to get a Med School Insiders t-shirt, see what happens behind the scenes,

如果你想得到一件Med School Insiders T恤，看看幕後發生了什麼。

hear exclusive video commentary and even have a hour-long video chat with me, check out

聽取獨家視頻評論，甚至與我進行長達一個小時的視頻哈拉，請查看。

my Patreon page.

我的Patreon頁面。

Thank you all so much for watching.

非常感謝大家的觀看。

If you liked the video, make sure you press that like button.

如果你喜歡這段視頻，一定要按下那個喜歡的按鈕。

New videos every week, so hit subscribe if you haven't already and I will see you guys

每週都有新的視頻，所以如果你還沒有訂閱，請點擊訂閱，我會看到你的傢伙。

in that next one.

在接下來的那個。