Does money buy happiness?

錢能買到幸福嗎？

I often hear the 2010 study by Kahneman and Deaton cited as the decisive study concluding

我經常聽到卡尼曼和迪頓2010年的研究被作為決定性的研究結論而被引用

that making anything more than $75,000 a year won't make you any happier.

年薪超過75,000美元也不會讓你更快樂。

But is that true?

但這是真的嗎？

In this video, we'll go over the new research and explain what the research really has to

在這段視頻中，我們將介紹新的研究，並解釋研究的真正意義。

say about wealth and wellbeing.

關於財富和福祉的說法。

What's going on guys, Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com.

這是怎麼回事夥計們，朱波醫生，醫學流派內幕網。

For those of you who are new here, I graduated with my M.D. in 2017 and matched into plastic

對於新來的朋友，我2017年碩士畢業，配成整形

surgery, which I ultimately quit.

手術，我最終放棄了。

You can learn the story on my vlog channel.

你可以在我的vlog頻道瞭解這個故事。

After publishing and presenting dozens and dozens of peer reviewed papers and abstracts

在發表和介紹了幾十篇和幾十篇同行評審的論文和摘要之後

(you can find the full list on my personal website), I've developed an astute sense

(你可以在我的個人網站上找到完整的名單)，我已經發展出了一種敏銳的感覺。

of research methodology, analysis, limitations, and even the research culture.

的研究方法、分析、侷限性，甚至研究文化。

I constantly hear studies being misquoted or misattributed, and so I've decided to start a series of

我經常聽到一些研究被錯誤引用或錯誤歸因，所以我決定開始一系列的研究。

videos that debunk common misunderstandings and misconceptions of the scientific literature.

視頻，揭穿科學文獻中常見的誤解和誤區。

We'll be starting with money and happiness.

我們將從金錢和幸福開始。

First, let's talk about the most commonly quoted study when it comes to money and happiness,

首先，我們來談談在金錢和幸福方面最常被引用的研究。

Kahneman and Deaton's study from 2010 titled “High income improves evaluation of life

卡尼曼和迪頓在2010年的研究報告《高收入提高了對生活的評價》。

but not emotional well-being”.

而不是情感上的幸福"。

Funny enough, the title says nothing about happiness, in fact, it even states that money

有趣的是，題目中沒有說到幸福，其實，題目中甚至寫道，金錢

doesn't improve emotional well-being, but everyone seems to think it does.

並不能改善情緒健康，但大家似乎都認為可以。

The authors define two types of wellbeing: emotional well-being and life evaluation.

作者定義了兩類幸福感：情緒幸福感和生活評價。

Emotional wellbeing is the quality of a person's everyday experience such as joy, fascination,

情緒健康是指一個人日常體驗的品質，如喜悅、迷戀。

anxiety, sadness, anger, and affection.

焦慮、悲傷、憤怒和感情。

Life evaluation refers to a person's thoughts about his or her own life on a longer time scale.

生活評價是指一個人在較長的時間範圍內對自己生活的思考。

The main conclusion of the study was that people's life evaluations rose steadily

研究的主要結論是，人們的生活評價穩步上升。

with income.

與收入。

The authors interpreted the findings that more money did not buy happiness, but

作者將調查結果解釋為：更多的錢並不能買到幸福，但。

rather less money is associated with emotional pain.

寧可少賺點錢，也不願意承受情感上的痛苦。

Based on their results, perhaps $75,000 per year is the threshold beyond which further increases

根據他們的結果，也許每年75 000美元是一個門檻，超過這個門檻就會進一步增加。

in income no longer improve their ability to do what matters most to their emotional

收入的增加不再能提高他們做最重要的事情的能力，對他們的情感也沒有影響。

wellbeing, such as spending time with people they like, avoiding pain and disease, and

幸福，如與喜歡的人在一起，避免痛苦和疾病，以及。

enjoying leisure.

享受休閒。

Right off the bat, there are limitations in that the study doesn't account for drastically

首先，研究有侷限性，因為研究沒有考慮到大幅度的

variable costs of living by region or city, and as this study was done close to a decade

按區域或城市分列的可變生活成本，而且由於這項研究是在接近十年前完成的。

ago, we need to factor in inflation for our current understanding.

前，我們需要把通貨膨脹的因素考慮進去，以達到我們現在的理解。

Beyond that, the highest income bracket was simply defined as “greater than $125,000

除此之外，最高收入階層被簡單地定義為 "大於125,000美元"。

per year”, net worth was not included, and the sample had a very small number of participants

每年"，淨資產不包括在內，而且樣本中的參與者人數很少。

making in the 6 figure range.

在6位數的範圍內。

Lastly, and most importantly, this study, and the ones that follow, are all cross-sectional studies.

最後，也是最重要的一點，這個研究，以及後面的研究，都是橫斷面研究。

Without going into the types of study designs, understand that cross-sectional studies can

研究設計的類型就不說了，要知道，橫斷面研究可

never demonstrate causation.

從來沒有證明因果關係。

Only correlation.

只有相關性。

And in science, the findings from a cross-sectional study are not nearly as strong as a well designed

而在科學上，橫斷面研究的結果並不如一個精心設計的。

prospective study.

前瞻性研究；

Ok so what does the scientific literature say now? Donnelly and colleagues published a paper

好了，現在科學文獻怎麼說呢？唐納利及其同事發表了一篇論文

titled “The Amount and Source of Millionaires' Wealth (Moderately) Predict Their Happiness.”

題為 "百萬富翁的財富數額和來源（適度）能預測他們的幸福感"。

This Harvard Business School study surveyed over 4,000 millionaires on various factors,

哈佛商學院的這項研究調查了4000多名百萬富翁的各種因素。

from their net worth to income, marital status, employment status, country of residence, gender,

從他們的淨資產到收入、婚姻狀況、就業狀況、居住國、性別。

age, etc.

年齡等。

And unlike Kahneman's study, they looked at factors beyond income, including net worth.

而與卡尼曼的研究不同的是，他們研究的是收入以外的因素，包括淨資產。

Their conclusion?

他們的結論是？

Two factors were most significantly correlated with improved levels of happiness: first, a net

有兩個因素與幸福感的提高有最顯著的相關性：一是淨值，二是淨值。

worth of*$10 million or greater, and two, earning your wealth rather than inheriting it.

價值*千萬美元以上，二是賺取財富而不是繼承財富。

Wait a minute!

等一下！

Now I need to have a net worth of $10 million to be the happiest?

現在我需要有1000萬的淨資產才是最幸福的？

Not quite.

不完全是

Again, taking any single study as gospel is dangerous.

同樣，把任何一項研究當作福音都是危險的。

And again, this is correlation, not causation.

而且，這又是相關，不是因果關係。

Other studies, such as Boyce and colleagues from 2010 suggest that an individual's relative ranking

其他的研究，如Boyce及其同事在2010年的研究表明，個人的相對排名。

of their income compared to others is more important than their absolute wealth.

與其他人相比，他們的收入比他們的絕對財富更重要。

Ok, So How Much Money Do I Need to Be Happy?

好吧，那我需要多少錢才能快樂？

If I were to blindly go off the conclusions of these studies, I would tell you to make

如果我盲目地去掉這些研究的結論，我會告訴你做

$75,000 per year and have a net worth of $10 million or more, which you had to have earned rather

每年7.5萬美元，淨資產在1000萬美元以上，你必須賺取而不是。

than inherited.

比繼承。

Again, make $75k per year and have $10 million in the bank that you earned.

同樣是年薪7.5萬，銀行裡有1000萬的存款，你賺了。

Starting to see why this doesn't make sense?

開始明白為什麼說不通了？

No single study should be treated as the singular truth.

任何一項研究都不應被視為唯一的真理。

And every single study has limitations.

而每一項研究都有侷限性。

Even the well designed ones.

即使是設計好的。

Aknin et al in 2009 demonstrated that people place too much emphasis on accumulating wealth.

阿克寧等人在2009年證明，人們過於重視財富的積累。

We think more money makes us happier than it actually does.

我們認為更多的錢會讓我們更快樂，而不是實際。

We spend more time at work, grinding, putting off time with friends and loved ones because

我們花更多的時間在工作上，磨合，推掉與朋友和親人相處的時間，因為

we believe moving up the ladder and making more money will make us happier in the end.

我們相信，往上爬，賺更多的錢，最終會讓我們更幸福。

So perhaps there's something else we aren't considering.

所以，也許還有什麼我們沒有考慮到的。

Could how we spend our money be more important than the actual dollar amount?

難道我們如何花錢比實際金額更重要嗎？

Gilovich and colleagues as well as Van Boven et al. demonstrated that spending on experiences

Gilovich及其同事以及Van Boven等人證明，在體驗上的支出

and spending on others was associated with greater happiness than spending on material goods.

而在他人身上的花費比在物質上的花費更有幸福感。

Dunn and colleagues demonstrated that giving to charity was also more happiness-inducing

鄧恩和同事們證明，給予慈善事業也更能讓人感到幸福。

than spending on material goods.

比物質產品的支出。

At this point, I'd like to invite you to take a step back.

在這一點上，我想請你退一步。

There are no easy answers in life.

生活中沒有簡單的答案。

Sure, giving to charity and spending on experiences will make you happier than buying goods, according

當然，捐獻慈善事業和消費體驗會比購買商品更讓你快樂，根據。

to a study.

到一項研究。

But if you're struggling to make ends meet and put food on the table, will you maximize

但是，如果你正在努力維持生計，並把食物放在桌子上，你會最大限度地提高。

your happiness by spending money on healthy groceries or on a vacation to South Africa?

你的幸福感是通過花錢買健康食品還是去南非度假？

Blanket statements summarizing any study are misguided and ignorant.

概括任何研究的空話都是誤導和無知的。

Out of the people who tout the statistic that you don't need more than $75,000 per year

在那些吹捧你不需要超過7.5萬美元年薪的人中。

to maximize your happiness, how many do you think actually read the study?

為了最大限度地提高你的幸福感，你認為有多少人真正讀過書？

How many have a research background or can at least critically analyze the merits and

有多少人有研究背景，或至少能批判性地分析其優點和優點。

limitations of a study?

研究的侷限性？

The ability to think for yourself and filter incoming information is one of the most underrated

自我思考和過濾接收資訊的能力是最被低估的能力之一。

skills in our current time.

技能在我們當前的時代。

We want to be spoon fed all the answers.

我們想被灌輸所有的答案。

Doctors should always know what's wrong, and Google should answer all of my questions.

醫生應該永遠知道什麼是錯的，而谷歌應該回答我所有的問題。

The reality is, as humans, there's so much that we don't understand, and there are

現實中，作為人類，我們不懂的東西太多了，而且有

still gaping holes in the scientific literature.

在科學文獻中仍有漏洞。

Instead of focusing on a certain number to justify your behavior or lack of behavior,

而不是專注於某個數字來證明自己的行為或不行為。

create a life on your terms.

以自己的方式創造生活。

Mindfully and deliberately ask yourself, “What will make me happy?

心裡刻意地問自己："什麼能讓我快樂？

What kind of life do I want to live?”

我想過什麼樣的生活？"

If I thought money was the answer to happiness, I wouldn't have left one of the most competitive

如果我認為錢是幸福的答案，我就不會離開競爭最激烈的之一

and lucrative fields in medicine, especially after spending years in college, medical school,

和利潤豐厚的醫學領域，尤其是在大學、醫學院度過了多年。

and grinding my way into a plastic surgery residency.

和磨練我的方式進入整形外科住院醫師。

But by appreciating the scientific literature for what it is, and for what it isn't, I

但是，通過欣賞科學文獻的本質，以及它的非本質，我

determined it's more important to me to make a lasting impact on the world and on

決心對我來說，更重要的是對世界和對世界的持久影響。

medical education.

醫學教育；

I want my legacy to be ending medical student and resident suicide.

我希望我的遺產是結束醫學生和住院醫師自殺。

If I make plastic surgeon money in the process, awesome.

如果我在這個過程中賺了整容醫生的錢，那就厲害了。

And if not, I'll still be happier in the end.

如果沒有，最後我還是會比較開心。

Thanks for watching.

謝謝你的觀看。

If you find our content helpful, please consider supporting us on Patreon, where you can also

如果您覺得我們的內容對您有幫助，請考慮在Patreon上支持我們，在那裡您還可以

get exclusive behind-the-scenes access.

獲得獨家幕後資源。

See you guys in that next one.

下一場見。