but it was Eunice Foote - a women's rights activist -

但它是尤妮絲-福特--一位婦女權利活動家--的。

who first showed how it could actually work.

是誰首先展示了它是如何實際運作的。

In 1856, she used an air pump to fill glass cylinders with different gases

1856年，她用氣泵向玻璃瓶中注入不同的氣體。

and then tested the effect of sunlight on them.

然後測試陽光對它們的影響。

One was carbon dioxide, CO2.

一個是二氧化碳，二氧化碳。

"The receiver containing the gas became itself much heated...

"含有氣體的接收器本身就變得很熱......

and on being removed, it was many times as long in cooling..."

而在被取出後，它的冷卻時間是原來的許多倍......"

Foote's experiment suggested that CO2 and water vapour

福特的實驗表明，二氧化碳和水蒸氣。

trap heat more than other gases do

比其他氣體更容易吸收熱量

and the potential effects on our climate began to emerge.

以及對我們氣候的潛在影響開始出現。

"An atmosphere of that gas

"這種氣體的氣氛

would give to our Earth a high temperature."

會給我們的地球帶來很高的溫度。"

That year she submitted her findings

這一年，她提交了她的調查結果

to an American scientific society.

到美國科學協會。

At their conference she wasn't able to take questions directly

在他們的會議上，她不能直接回答問題。

because someone else presented her work for her

因為有人替她介紹作品

and it wasn't published in the proceedings of the society.

而且也沒有發表在學會的論文集上。

Another journal did end up publishing her paper,

最後確實有另一本雜誌發表了她的論文。

but it went largely unnoticed.

但基本沒有人注意到。

Three years later, Irish physicist John Tyndall

三年後，愛爾蘭物理學家約翰-廷德爾

did more complex experiments,

做了更復雜的實驗。

finding other greenhouse gases that trap heat.

尋找其他溫室氣體，收集熱量；

He went on to become one of the founding figures of climate science.

他後來成為氣候科學的奠基人之一。

Nobody knows if he'd read Eunice Foote's paper,

沒人知道他是否看過尤妮斯-福特的論文。

but his own didn't mention her or her glass cylinders at all.

但他自己卻根本沒有提到她和她的玻璃缸。

No pictures of Foote have survived,

沒有福特的照片留存下來。

and her contribution remained buried for 150 years -

她的貢獻埋藏了150年------。

only coming to light by chance in 2010,

2010年才偶然發現。

when a retired geologist discovered a citation of her work

當一位退休的地質學家發現她的作品被引用時。

in an antique science annual.

在一個古老的科學年。

Guy Stewart Callendar was a steam engineer by day

蓋伊-斯圖爾特-卡倫達白天是一名蒸汽工程師。

and an avid collector of climate data in his spare time.

並在業餘時間熱衷於收集氣候數據。

By the 1930s, he was collecting temperature readings

到20世紀30年代，他開始收集溫度讀數。

from 147 weather stations around the world.

來自世界各地147個氣象站。

No-one had ever collated the data like this before,

以前從來沒有人這樣整理過數據。

and when he compared his temperature readings

當他比較他的溫度讀數

to historic measurements of CO2, he discovered a clear pattern.

對二氧化碳的歷史測量結果，他發現了一個清晰的模式。

Callendar saw that not only was climate change happening,

卡倫達看到，不僅氣候變化在發生。

it was at least partly down to the burning of fossil fuels.

至少有一部分是由於燃燒化石燃料造成的。

In 1938, Callendar presented his findings to a scientific body

1938年，卡倫達向一個科學機構提交了他的發現。

but the idea that we humans could influence

但我們人類可以影響的想法

something as huge as the Earth's climate

大如地球氣候的東西

was still, for many, too hard to believe.

對許多人來說，還是太難相信了。

It wasn't until after the Second World War

直到第二次世界大戰結束後。

that the effect of human activity on global warming -

認識到人類活動對全球變暖的影響--------。

the "Callendar Effect" - was proved right.

"卡倫達效應"--被證明是正確的。

In 1958, chemist Charles Keeling's colleagues

1958年，化學家查爾斯-基林的同事們

were studying the relationship between

研究的關係。

ocean acidity and carbon dioxide.

海洋酸度和二氧化碳。

Until then, it had been thought that the oceans quickly absorb most CO2,

在此之前，人們一直認為海洋會迅速吸收大部分二氧化碳。

taking it out of the atmosphere,

把它從大氣中取出來。

but that didn't appear to be true.

但這似乎不是真的。

Keeling had a hunch that scientists had been underestimating

基林有一種直覺，科學家們一直低估了... ...

how much of the gas was actually over our heads.

有多少氣體實際上是在我們的頭上。

I was telling these people that the whole field was

我告訴這些人，整個領域是

pretty badly screwed up.

非常糟糕的搞砸了。

Atmospheric CO2 readings had been taken for decades,

大氣中的二氧化碳讀數已經採集了幾十年。

but the data was unreliable.

但數據不可靠。

Keeling was convinced he could do better, and looked for a spot

基林堅信自己能做得更好，於是找了個地方。

that was as far as possible from the pollution of cities and industry.

儘量遠離城市和工業的汙染。

He went to the middle of the North Pacific,

他去了北太平洋中部。

4,000 metres above sea level,

海拔4,000米以上。

to the huge, active volcano of Mauna Loa, in Hawaii.

到夏威夷莫納羅亞的巨大活火山。

If you had to have picked a spot anywhere,

如果你非要在任何地方選一個地方。

which would have given

這將給

a representation of the whole world with one single site,

用一個網站代表整個世界。

Mauna Loa Observatory is probably about the best choice.

莫納羅亞天文臺可能是最好的選擇。

His new data proved two things.

他的新數據證明了兩件事。

Firstly, it showed that CO2 goes up and down with the seasons.

首先，它表明二氧化碳會隨著季節的變化而上升和下降。

But if you zoom out from these "saw's teeth"

但如果你把這些 "鋸齒 "放大後

you can see the second thing that Keeling proved -

你可以看到基林證明的第二件事----------。

atmospheric CO2 was increasing year on year.

大氣中的二氧化碳在逐年增加。

Keeling began plotting his readings on a graph,

基林開始在圖上繪製他的讀數。

and the ominously upward-curving line - the "Keeling Curve" - was born.

而不祥的上彎線--"基林曲線 "就這樣誕生了。

But the Mauna Loa project faced challenges.

但Mauna Loa項目面臨挑戰。

Equipment broke down, and it struggled to secure funding.

設備壞了，它也難以獲得資金。

It was only through sheer perseverance

只有通過堅持不懈的努力

that the observatory kept taking its readings.

觀測站一直在測量其讀數。

Keeling was eventually awarded

基林最終被授予

a National Medal of Science for his work,

因其工作獲得國家科學獎章。

and today, Mauna Loa is still the world's benchmark site

而今天，莫納羅亞仍然是世界上的標杆性景點。

for measuring CO2.

用於測量二氧化碳；

It's now more than 160 years

現在已經有160多年了

since Eunice Foote suggested the cause of global warming,

自從尤妮斯-福特提出全球變暖的原因後，。

more than 80 years since Guy Callendar demonstrated

自從蓋-卡倫達展示了

the planet was warming because of human activity,

地球變暖是因為人類活動。

and more than 60 years since Charles Keeling showed

和60多年來查爾斯-基林展示的。

CO2 was rising at an alarming rate.

二氧化碳正以驚人的速度上升。

And here we are...

而我們在這裡...