Casual use (of) the term "addiction" has a very real effect of potentially trivializing how we talk about addiction more broadly.

隨意使用「成癮」這個詞會造成很現實的影響，可能會使我們更廣泛地用輕描淡寫的方式去討論成癮這件事。

We might say a popular game, app or streaming series is addictive, but what do we really mean when we use that word?

我們可能會說一款流行的遊戲、應用程式或戲劇節目讓人上癮，但我們到底是在用這個詞表達什麼呢？

Are we seriously equating this kind of behavior with a problem with drink or taking drugs?

我們真的認真的把這種行為和喝酒或吸毒畫上等號嗎？

What we really mean is the activity is fun, it's engaging, it's immersive and it's enjoyable.

我們真正的意思是這個活動很有趣、很有吸引力、讓人沈浸其中，讓人很享受。

We know the amount of dopamine that's released when you do something like have sex, eat food or play video games.

我們知道當你做一些事時，比如性行為、吃東西或玩電子遊戲會釋放出大量的多巴胺。

It's kind of in a pretty narrow band, but taking drugs like cocaine, ecstasy or amphetamines has a much larger impact.

這個範圍還滿侷限的，但吸毒像是可卡因、興奮劑、搖頭丸或安非他命的影響更大。

Something that not many people know is that technology addiction itself, started as a bit of a practical joke.

很多人不知道的是，科技成癮本身，一開始是一個惡作劇。

In the mid 1990s, the American psychiatrist Dr. Ivan Goldberg, grew frustrated with how psychiatry was medicalising everyday life.

1990年代中期，美國精神病學家Ivan Goldberg博士，對精神病學是如何在日常生活中醫學化的感到沮喪。

He wanted to use Internet as an example, he took symptoms from gambling disorder and substance abuse disorder,

他想拿網路當例子，把症狀從賭博成癮症和藥物濫用症

and he pushed them together to kind of illustrate how silly the manualization of everyday life had become.

合在一起來說明把每天生活都給人為醫學化有多愚蠢。

Here we are 20 years later, talking about video game addiction, internet addiction and smart phone addiction, as if they're their real, own things along with checklists, acronyms and media headlines.

20年後的今天，我們在這裡談論電子遊戲成癮、網絡成癮和智慧型手機成癮，彷彿它們是真的，他們有了自己的診斷清單、簡稱，和頭條新聞。

Though headlines might seem very sure about the addictive potential of technology, the actual research itself is a bit of a mess.

雖然頭條新聞可能非常肯定科技會帶來的成癮可能性，但實際研究本身就有點亂。

We're not really sure if technology might cause problems in people's lives, or if those who already have problems in their lives, gravitate to using technology in less healthy ways.

我們並不確定科技是否會在人們的生活中帶來問題，或者說那些已經在生活中出現問題的人，傾向於以不太健康的方式使用科技。

One of the most worrying things is, because there isn't a lot of good evidence in hand, there are a lot of people trying to sell the general public on some big ideas.

其中最讓人擔心的是，因爲沒有足夠的證據說明，許多人試著像大眾兜售一些偉大的想法與意見。

At the very least, this means that people are selling books, they're going on chat shows, they're kind of being influencers.

最起碼，這意味著人們在賣書、他們上談話節目、他們有點像那種影響者。

But at the worst it means that some people are taking advantage.

但最壞的情況是，這意味著有些人在佔便宜。

They're running for profit clinics, they're using methods of treatment that haven't been either standardised or validated or shown to help people.

他們開的是營利性診所，他們用的治療方法沒有經過標準化或驗證證實真的有助於人。

In some cases, we have people who are running clinics, publishing research on technology addiction, and not disclosing that they themselves are profiting directly from treating technology addiction.

某些情況下，有些人經營診所然後公佈科技成癮的研究，但他們不會公開自己從治療科技成癮中獲利。

What's currently missing from the debates and the worries about technology addiction is a historic perspective.

目前就科技成癮的討論和擔憂中缺乏的是歷史觀點。

In the 1980s we were very worried about Dungeons & Dragons, playing role-playing games that involved young people's imaginations.

在80年代，我們非常擔心《龍與地下城》，這種角色扮演遊戲讓年輕人發揮想象力。

We were worried that they would lose connection with the real world, that they would engage in Satanic rituals.

我們擔心他們會失去與現實世界的聯繫，他們會參與撒旦儀式。

Then in the late 80s and early 90s, we became very worried about rap music and violent video games.

然後在80年代末90年代初，我們變得非常擔心說唱音樂和暴力電腦遊戲。

We thought that maybe they changed the young people, drove them to commit violent acts.

我們認為也許這些東西改變了年輕人，驅使他們實施暴力行為。

We didn't stop worrying about rap music, Dungeons & Dragons or video games because of new empirical evidence.

我們並沒有因為新的經驗證據而停止擔心說唱音樂、《龍與地下城》、或電腦遊戲。

We stopped worrying about them because our anxiety shifted from those fields, from those topics, to things like the Internet and online games.

我們不再擔心他們是因為我們的焦慮轉移了，從這些領域，這些主題，轉移到網際網路和線上遊戲。

So as scientists, as psychologists and researchers, we need to ask ourselves, is there really something special about technology?

所以作為科學家、心理學家和研究人員，我們要問自己，科技是不是真的有什麼特別的？

Or is this a new panic that we have to grapple with?

還是說這是一種我們必須設法解決的新恐慌？

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