The philosopher Daniel Dennett

哲學家Daniel Dennett

described Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, Darwinism,

描述了查爾斯-達爾文的進化論，達爾文主義。

as "the single best idea anyone has ever had".

作為 "任何人有史以來最好的一個想法"，

It certainly was a brilliant one,

這當然是一個輝煌的。

though Darwin wasn't the only one to come up with it.

雖然達爾文並不是唯一想出這個辦法的人。

The naturalist and explorer Alfred Russel Wallace

自然學家和探險家阿爾弗雷德-拉塞爾-華萊士。

put forward a very similar explanation of the biological data

提出了一個非常類似的生物數據的解釋。

independently of him at around the same time.

大約在同一時間獨立於他。

But once Darwin published his book, On The Origin Of Species, in 1859,

但一旦達爾文在1859年出版了《物種起源》一書。

the theory of evolution was ever-after linked with his name.

進化論從此與他的名字聯繫在一起。

It was a radical idea

這是一個激進的想法

because, although Darwin didn't spell this out,

因為，雖然達爾文沒有把這句話說出來。

people soon realised it entailed the view that human beings

人們很快就意識到，它包含了這樣的觀點，即人

were just another species in the animal kingdom

芸芸眾生

and shared a common ancestor with apes.

並與猿類有著共同的祖先。

For Victorian England, this was quite a bombshell.

對於維多利亞時代的英國來說，這是一個相當大的炸彈。

As a young man,

作為一個年輕的男人。

Darwin had spent five years as a naturalist on a round the world trip

達爾文花了5年時間作為自然學家進行環球旅行。

aboard HMS Beagle.

在HMS Beagle號上。

He'd gradually come to realise that species change over time -

他逐漸意識到，物種會隨著時間的推移而改變--。

they evolve.

它們的發展。

Imagine you're a finch on a Galapagos island.

想象一下，你是加拉帕戈斯島上的一隻雀。

There are lots of plants with seeds, but not much else to eat.

有很多植物的種子，但沒有什麼別的吃的。

Your bill is a good shape for cracking them open.

你的鈔票是一個很好的形狀，可以把它們打開。

Lucky you.

你真幸運

That's probably just the result of a variation you find within a species.

這可能只是你在一個物種內發現變異的結果。

You happen to have a beak that allows you to eat seeds.

你正好有一個可以吃種子的嘴。

Others aren't so fortunate.

其他人就沒那麼幸運了。

You survive and reproduce,

你生存和繁衍。

and pass that trait on to some of your offspring.

並將這一特性傳遞給你的一些後代。

The offspring that have beaks like yours flourish.

像你這樣有喙的後代就會興旺發達。

The same thing happens in the next generation.

同樣的事情發生在下一代。

Gradually, over many thousands of years,

漸漸地，經過幾千年的時間。

the finches on this island that survive

島上倖存的雀鳥

become better adapted to the available foodstuff.

變得更好地適應現有的食品。

Your type of beak predominates.

你的喙的類型為主。

On another island, the main diet is prickly pear,

在另一個島上，主要飲食是刺梨。

and the finches that survive and flourish there

雀，在那裡生存和發展。

have very different shaped beaks from yours.

有非常不同的形狀的嘴和你的。

Not only do members of a species change as a result of such evolution,

一個物種的成員不僅會因為這種進化而發生變化。

but also entirely new species emerge.

但也出現了全新的物種。

Today's Darwinism

今天的達爾文主義

is rather different from Charles Darwin's Darwinism though.

是相當不同的查爾斯-達爾文的達爾文主義，雖然。

We now have a much better understanding

我們現在有了更多的瞭解

of the biology of heredity than he did.

比他更瞭解遺傳的生物學。

Darwinism today is a powerful combination

達爾文主義在今天是一個強大的組合

of Darwin's general theory with modern genetics.

達爾文的一般理論與現代遺傳學的。

Darwinism is central to understanding how we came to be what we are.

達爾文主義是理解我們如何成為我們的核心。

It's possibly the most important ism yet.

這可能是最重要的主義了。

Thanks for watching! :)

謝謝你的觀看!:)

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell to receive notifications for new videos. See you again soon!

不要忘記訂閱並點擊鈴鐺接收新視頻的通知。我們很快會再見面的