Name: 英格蘭是怎樣煉成的｜第2集：鐵橋----------。 (How England Was Made | Episode 2: Iron Bridge)
Uploaded: 2020-09-09T20:16:40.000Z
Duration: 7 min 7 s

Here in beautiful rural Shropshire on the River Severn

這裡是美麗的塞文河畔的農村地區

sits a key landmark in England's industrial history

坐落在英國工業史上的一個重要里程碑上

基礎被動語態

and was one of the first freestanding cast iron structures anywhere in the world

是世界上最早的獨立鑄鐵結構之一。

It was part of a revolution in design and engineering

它是設計和工程革命的一部分。

that would see iron become much more widely used in construction around the globe

在全球範圍內，鐵的應用越來越廣泛。

我是羅伯-貝爾，工程師和冒險家。

and I'm exploring some of the most fascinating and significant sites in

我正在探索一些最迷人的和最重要的網站在

England's industrial history. We're here at the Iron Bridge

because this marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,

因為這標誌著工業革命的開始。

the rise of coal and a shift in the way people lived and worked

煤炭的興起和人們生活和工作方式的轉變。

To find out more about this industrial icon

要了解更多關於這個工業標誌的資訊

I'm meeting English Heritage historian, Matt Thompson

我要見英國遺產歷史學家馬特-湯普森。

- Matt, hi, great to see you  -  Hi, good to see you too

- 馬特，嗨，很高興見到你 嗨，我也很高興見到你。

Apart from being this useful crossing over the river here

what exactly is the Iron Bridge? What's its significance?

鐵橋到底是什麼？它有什麼意義？

The Iron Bridge is this symbol of one of the most remarkable periods

鐵橋就是這個標誌，是一個最顯著的時期。

in our nation's history - the Industrial Revolution,

在我們國家的歷史上--工業革命。

when we saw huge changes to society, changes in technology,

當我們看到社會的巨大變化，技術的變化。

It's the first freestanding metal structure.

So when you look at the Burj Khalifa or you look at

所以當你看到哈利法塔或者你看到

the skyline of New York and you see these steel framed skyscrapers,

在紐約的天際線上，你會看到這些鋼架摩天大樓。

the Iron Bridge is a kind of great great great great great grandparent of all of these structures.

So really, what happened here in Shropshire is something that went on to transform the world

所以說真的，發生在Shropshire的事情，是改變世界的事情。

Well tell me a bit more about the material used to

好吧，告訴我更多關於材料使用的情況。

construct this bridge and and how that was actually made

建造這座橋，以及它實際上是如何製造的。

Well the bridge as the name suggests is made out of iron. And iron of course is

顧名思義，這座橋是用鐵做的。而鐵當然是

the material of the Industrial Revolution. The name that's most

associated with the bridge, and for very good reasons, is Abraham Darby III

亞伯拉罕-達比三世是與這座橋有關的，並且有很好的理由。

and he was part of a consortium really of local iron masters

他是一個真正的在地鐵匠集團的一員。

who wanted to build a bridge across the river.  But they also wanted to show

誰想在河上建一座橋。  但他們也想表明

how good they were at their trade -  what they could actually achieve

他們有多擅長他們的行業--他們實際能達到什麼程度？

and so this is very much a sort of calling card for the Iron Masters of the

所以這很像是鐵大師們的一種叫法

South Shropshire Coalfield. This is a story that goes back a bit

南什羅普郡煤田。這個故事要追溯到

further and it goes back to Abraham Darby III's grandfather

再往前追溯到亞伯拉罕-達比三世的祖父。

Abraham Darby came to Coalbrookdale and by 1709

亞伯拉罕-達比來到煤溪谷，到了1709年

he was producing iron using coke as a fuel and not charcoal

他是以焦炭為燃料而不是以木炭為燃料來鍊鐵的。

and he is credited with being one of the first people

to use a mineral fuel to be able to smelt iron

and he could do that in a way that was cost effective.

而且他可以用一種成本效益高的方式來做。

The use of coal was really the next step forward that enabled

煤炭的使用是真正的下一個進步，它使

This was the real beginning to the Industrial Revolution.

If this bridge was this showcase for this new material iron, why build it here?

如果這座橋是這種新材料鐵的展示平臺，為什麼要把它建在這裡？

Why build it in the Severn Gorge? What was it about this place?

為什麼要把它建在塞文峽谷？這個地方有什麼特點？

This whole area is perfect for the manufacture of iron. Not only do we have all the raw

這整個地區非常適合製造鐵。我們不僅有所有的原材料

materials that you'd need -  iron ore, limestone and also coal, that can be

你所需要的材料--鐵礦石、石灰石和煤，這些材料都可以被用來生產。

turned into coke for fuel. And it's the presence of the River Severn

變成焦炭做燃料。而正是因為有了塞汶河的存在

this is the motorway, it's the super highway of its day

這就是高速公路，它是當時的超級高速公路。

You can bring goods in, your finished goods can go out to market

你可以帶貨進來，你的成品就可以出去賣了

and also the steep sides of the gorge means that you've got a good supply of

而且峽谷兩邊陡峭，意味著你有足夠的供應。

running water which can be used to power water wheels

to give you blast or a draft into the furnaces.

The Severn Gorge here sounds like it would have been a very different place

這裡的塞文峽谷聽起來像是一個非常不同的地方。

Can you paint a picture of what it would have been like to stand here now?

你能描繪一下現在站在這裡會是什麼樣子嗎？

What we would see, what we'd hear, what was going on around us?

我們會看到什麼，聽到什麼，我們周圍發生了什麼？

I think some of the best pictures can be painted by people at the time. One poet

我覺得有些最好的畫可以由當時的人畫出來。一位詩人

Anna Seward came here and she wrote a poem called 'O, violated Colebrook'

安娜-蘇厄德來過這裡，她寫了一首詩叫 "哦，被侵犯的科爾布魯克"。

In it she talks about the sort of sulphurous air

她在裡面說到了那種硫磺的空氣。

which would be all the smoke and fumes coming from the lead smelters and the iron furnaces.

這將是所有的煙霧和煙霧從鉛冶煉廠和鐵爐。

And she talks about the glassy stains on the water of the river

because of course there's lots of pollution going into the river as well

因為當然也有很多汙染進入河道了

And she paints a picture almost of an apocalyptic vision of industry

她描繪了一幅幾乎是世界末日的工業景象。

destroying the environment. When we stand here and we see the bridge as this

破壞環境。當我們站在這裡，看到這座橋的時候。

fantastic monument to the age of industry

we also have to really be aware of what the implications were of that

我們還必須真正意識到這一問題的影響是什麼。

moving forward in terms of climate change

and the situation that we find ourselves in now.

And what would life have been like here for people who were living in the Severn Gorge

對於生活在塞汶峽谷的人們來說，這裡的生活會是怎樣的呢？

或者在這裡工作的所有這個行業？

those days, so it would have been hard work

那時候的日子，可真夠辛苦的了

it would have been incredibly hot work and it would have been dangerous work.

這將是令人難以置信的熱工作，這將是危險的工作。

It was a remarkable place to visit, but it must be a very difficult place to work

這是一個了不起的地方，但它一定是一個非常困難的地方的工作

We look at the bridge today and we celebrate it for what it represents

今天，我們看著這座橋，我們慶祝它所代表的意義。

but when it was built, did it have an impact in Britain?

但當它建成後，是否在英國產生了影響？

Absolutely, I mean it had an impact even before the bridge was opened.

當然，我的意思是，在大橋開通之前，它就已經產生了影響。

So Abraham Darby commissioned a painter William Williams to paint this

於是，亞伯拉罕-達比委託畫家威廉-威廉斯來畫這幅畫。

beautiful painting of the bridge in all its glory

and very quickly artists, writers, poets, travellers

很快，藝術家，作家，詩人，旅行者

came here to see the Iron Bridge and to see the furnaces.

來這裡是為了看鐵橋，看爐子。

In 1986 it became a World Heritage Site, so that puts it on a par

1986年，它成為了世界文化遺產，所以它的地位也就不言而喻了。

with the pyramids or Petra, all these other fantastic sites

與金字塔或佩特拉，所有這些其他夢幻般的網站。

It's been a long journey of recognising its importance and

這是一個漫長的歷程，認識到它的重要性，並。

English Heritage now as a charity, we're delighted to be

英格蘭遺產現在是一個慈善機構，我們很高興能成為英國文化的一部分。

the organisation that cares for this, to ensure that in another

照顧這個組織，確保在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織中，在另一個組織

Not only is it a hugely important piece of our nations, our world history,

它不僅是我們國家、我們世界歷史上極其重要的一筆。

but it's also still a bridge. It's not in a glass case, there's no

但它也還是一座橋。它不是裝在玻璃箱裡，也沒有

velvet rope saying 'do not sit', 'do not stand', 'do not walk' on it

This is part of a vibrant living community. It's still a functional item.

這是一個充滿活力的生活社區的一部分。這還是一個功能性項目。

There's something about that that I really love.

And it feels like a real privilege to be able to do that

能做到這一點，我感到非常榮幸。

to come and stand, to see it, to walk across it

use it as it was first intended to get from one side of the river to the other

Matt, thank you so much for your time today

馬特，謝謝你今天抽出時間來。