It's an iconic part of New York City.

這是紐約市的一個標誌性的部分。

A piece of nature, tucked inside Manhattan.

一片自然，藏在曼哈頓裡面。

If you've lived in New York, or even visited, you've probably been here.

如果你在紐約住過，甚至來過，你可能來過這裡。

But, there's a part of this land's story that visitors will never see.

但是，這塊土地上的故事，有一部分是遊客永遠也看不到的。

It's the story of what was here before the park.

這是公園之前這裡的故事。

And the community that was destroyed to make way for it.

而為了給它讓路而被破壞的社區。

In the 1820s,

在19世紀20年代。

New York City looked like this.

紐約市是這樣的。

Most people lived in this area — Lower Manhattan.

大多數人都住在這個地區--下曼哈頓。

Pretty much everything above it, was yet to be settled.

差不多上面的一切，都有待解決。

In this map, you can see how different the geography was.

在這張地圖上，你可以看到地理環境的不同。

These little lines illustrate what used to be hills in Manhattan.

這些小線條說明了曼哈頓過去的山丘。

This was the countryside.

這就是農村。

Downtown was the opposite.

市區的情況正好相反。

Lower Manhattan was dense and crowded.

曼哈頓下城密集而擁擠。

A few small neighborhoods were home to many of the city's poor whites, and immigrants.

幾個小社區裡，住著許多城市裡的貧窮白人，和移民。

and also, to much of its black population.

而且，對其大部分黑人來說，也是如此。

This document shows the number of slaves in New York State.

該文件顯示了紐約州的奴隸數量。

You can see how it went down gradually,

你可以看到它是如何逐漸下降的。

from 20,000 in 1800, to 10,000 in 1820,

從1800年的2萬人，到1820年的1萬人。

and finally to just 75 in 1830.

並最終在1830年降至只有75人。

That's because in New York, slavery wasn't abolished all at once.

那是因為在紐約，奴隸制並沒有一下子被廢除。

Instead, it was ended gradually over about 30 years.

而是在30年左右的時間裡逐漸結束。

And as more free black people joined the work force,

而隨著更多的自由黑人加入到工作隊伍中。

racial tensions rose.

種族緊張局勢加劇。

The people who were enslaved were now in competition with people coming over for jobs.

現在被奴役的人都在和過來的人競爭工作。

That tension led to violence — and lower Manhattan became increasingly dangerous for free black people.

這種緊張關係導致了暴力--曼哈頓下城對於自由的黑人來說變得越來越危險。

Then, in 1825, plots of land started to go up for sale here, uptown.

然後，在1825年，這裡的上城區開始有地塊出售。

It was a way out.

這是一條出路。

A black man named Andrew Williams decided to buy three lots.

一個叫安德魯-威廉姆斯的黑人決定買三塊地。

You know word gets out, black people, seeing other black people and say oh there's a little bit of a community

你知道消息傳出去，黑人，看到其他黑人，說哦，有一個小的社區。

developing here, maybe we can just fold into this community, so they start to move in.

在這裡發展，也許我們可以只是摺疊到這個社區，所以他們開始移動。

After Williams, more lots filled up with black families and churches.

威廉姆斯之後，更多的地段充斥著黑人家庭和教堂。

And it was here, between 82nd and 89th Street, that the community of Seneca Village was born.

而就在這裡，82街和89街之間，誕生了塞內卡村的社區。

Moving up to Seneca Village offered black families, an affordable, safe place.

搬到塞內卡村為黑人家庭提供了一個負擔得起的，安全的地方。

It also gave them the chance to vote.

這也給了他們投票的機會。

Black men could only vote in New York if they owned property.

黑人男子只有擁有財產才能在紐約投票。

Over the course of the next three decades, the community grew to nearly 300 residents.

在接下來的30年裡，社區發展到近300戶居民。

Records from the census show that they were laborers, domestic workers, waiters, and shoemakers.

人口普查的記錄顯示，他們是勞工、家政工人、服務員和鞋匠。

And they built dozens of homes, three churches, and a school for black students.

而且他們還建了幾十棟房子，三座教堂，還有一所黑人學生的學校。

Later, when Irish and German immigrants started moving into Seneca Village,

後來，當愛爾蘭和德國移民開始搬進塞內卡村。

it became unique for another reason.

它成為獨特的另一個原因。

It was an integrated community.

這是一個綜合社區。

It seems that people of all ethnicities were likely getting along based on the church records that were here.

根據這裡的教會記錄看來，各族人民很可能相處融洽。

Among the documents, are evidence that some white and black families attended baptisms together,

在這些文件中，有一些白人和黑人家庭一起參加洗禮的證據。

were buried next to each other in the same cemetery,

挨著埋在同一個公墓裡。

and intermarried.

並通婚。

The people who lived in this area were individuals who were trying to find a new way of life.

住在這裡的人都是試圖尋找新生活方式的個人。

Over the next three decades, the population of New York City nearly quadrupled.

在接下來的30年裡，紐約市的人口幾乎翻了兩番。

Lower Manhattan could no longer hold everyone.

曼哈頓下城已經容不下所有人了。

The city's white elite were worried that the entire island would be consumed by development.

城市的白人精英們擔心整個島嶼會被開發消耗掉。

They said it called for the necessity of a city park, to “give lungs to the city”.

他們說，這就呼喚了城市公園的必要性，要 "給城市以肺"。

This came out of the elite being able to start to travel to Europe

這源於精英們可以開始去歐洲旅行了。

and they see the Champs Elysees and they see Kensington Park

他們看到香榭麗舍大街，看到肯辛頓公園。

and they think that the city deserves to have a park of that stature.

他們認為這個城市應該有一個這樣的公園。

On July 21, 1853, New York set aside 750 acres of land to create America's first major landscaped public park.

1853年7月21日，紐約劃出750英畝的土地，建立了美國第一個大型景觀公共公園。

“The Central Park.”

"中央公園"

But the proposed area for the park included Seneca Village —

但公園的建議區域包括塞內卡村------。

along with thousands of other lots of land, home to about 1600 people.

以及其他數千塊土地，約有1600人居住。

In order to facilitate the park's development, the city's newspapers started to downplay who really lived there.

為了方便園區的發展，市裡的報紙開始輕描淡寫，到底誰住在那裡。

They really describe these people as living in shanties and shacks,

他們真的把這些人描述成住在棚屋裡。

people of debased cultures were living off the land.

墮落文化的人以土地為生。

But that wasn't true.

但那不是真的。

In 2011, Cynthia and a team of archaeologists excavated in the former Seneca Village site.

2011年，辛西婭和一個考古隊在塞內卡村舊址進行了挖掘。

They came away with 250 bags of objects to analyze, which now live here,

他們帶著250袋物品走了出來，進行分析，這些物品現在住在這裡。

in New York City's Archaeological Repository.

在紐約市的考古庫中。

These objects suggest that Seneca Village was wealthier than many assumed.

這些物品表明，塞內卡村比許多人想象的要富裕。

When we compared the objects from the homes of the people in the village with artifacts

當我們把村裡人家裡的物件與文物進行對比時

from Greenwich Village, an elite upper middle class neighborhood.

來自格林威治村，一個上層中產階級的精英社區。

In some cases, they were using the same kind of ironstone plate in what was called the Gothic pattern.

有的時候，他們使用的是同一種鐵石板，叫做哥特式圖案。

Quite a few pieces of porcelain in Seneca Village and porcelain was an expensive ware.

塞內卡村的瓷器不少，瓷器是一種昂貴的器物。

They also found other objects — like a comb, a smoking pipe, roasting pan, and part of a  toothbrush,

他們還發現了其他物品--比如一把梳子、一個煙筒、烤盤和部分牙刷。

that probably didn't belong to poor people.

那可能不屬於窮人。

Toothbrushes were not common among the working class as well as the middle class until around 1920.

直到1920年左右，牙刷才在工人階級以及中產階級中普及。

And the artifacts themselves were only one part of their analysis.

而文物本身只是他們分析的一部分。

For example, from the census records from 1855, we know that there was a very high level of education.

例如，從1855年的人口普查記錄中，我們知道當時的教育水準非常高。

Getting a high school education was clearly an important factor in the community

接受高中教育顯然是社會的一個重要因素。

and that's very much a part of middle class identity.

而這正是中產階級身份的一部分。

The findings indicate that Seneca Village wasn't a shantytown.

調查結果表明，塞內卡村並不是一個棚戶區。

It was a working and middle class community, a growing neighborhood of black property owners,

這是一個工薪階層和中產階級的社區，一個黑人業主不斷增長的社區。

and an experiment in integration.

和一體化的實驗。

But to the white New York elite of 1856, it wasn't worth saving.

但對於1856年的紐約白人精英來說，這並不值得拯救。

A July 1856 article in the New York Times referred to it with a slur.

1856年7月《紐約時報》的一篇文章以汙衊的口吻提到了它。

“The Ebon inhabitants, after whom the village is called...have been notified to remove by the first of August.”

"已通知以其名字命名的埃邦族居民.在8月1日之前撤離"。

Many residents fought to keep their land by filing objections to their forced removal.

許多居民為保住自己的土地，提出反對意見，要求強制拆遷。

But Seneca Village — along with the other settlements on the land for Central Park -- was seized and destroyed.

但塞內卡村--連同中央公園土地上的其他定居點--被沒收和摧毀。

In their place, the city made pathways, built bridges and arches, and planted thousands of trees.

在他們的位置上，城市制造了道路，建造了橋樑和拱門，並種植了成千上萬的樹木。

Central Park was done,

中央公園已經完成了。

and Seneca Village

和塞內卡村

was gone forever.

是永遠消失了。

We can't imagine New York City without Central Park.

我們無法想象沒有中央公園的紐約市。

But I'm finally grateful that the recognition of the pre-park history has emerged.

但我終於慶幸，對公園前期歷史的認識出現了。

Today, New York is starting to reckon with this part of its history.

今天，紐約開始正視這段歷史。

An exhibition with information about Seneca Village is temporarily up in the park.

在公園裡臨時舉辦了一個關於Seneca村的資訊展覽。

But the real legacy of Seneca Village is a story that's repeated itself

但塞內卡村的真正遺產是一個重複的故事。

again and again, in cities everywhere.

一遍又一遍，在各地城市。

Land, property ownership,

土地、財產所有權；

That's how you get wealth and you pass wealth on from generation to generation.

這樣才能獲得財富，才能把財富一代代傳下去。

But you're getting a bulldozer that comes through because a new highway has to come through

但你得到一個推土機來通過 因為新的高速公路必須通過。

or a new hospital or development site has to come in.

或新的醫院或發展用地必須進來。

Seneca Village was no different.

塞內卡村也不例外。

It's time that we own it and we come to recognize that there are these great stories that live beneath the surface of the park.

現在是我們擁有它的時候了，我們要認識到，在公園的表面下，還有這些偉大的故事。

It's not just African-American history.

這不僅僅是非裔美國人的歷史。

It's just American history.

這只是美國的歷史。