in Switzerland in the 1920s according to Jung an extravert seeks

在瑞士的20年代，根據榮格的說法，一個外向型的人追求的是

intensive contact with the outside world an introvert instead turns the psychic

內向者與外界的密集接觸，反而會使其心態變得更加平和。

energy inwards. Jung believed that no one is a hundred percent extravert or a

能量向內。榮格認為，沒有一個人是百分之百的外向型，也沒有一

hundred percent introvert instead we carry both traits

兩全其美

however most minds tend to lean either to one side or the other.

然而大多數人的思想傾向於要麼偏向一方，要麼偏向另一方。

If both characteristics are equally present we can speak of someone who has

如果這兩個特徵同樣存在，我們可以說一個人有

an ambivert personality. In the 1960s the psychologist Hans Eysenck added to Carl

矛盾的人格。20世紀60年代，心理學家漢斯-艾森克對卡爾

Jung's ideas.He argued that the main difference between introverts and

榮格的思想.他認為，內向者和

extraverts lies in the way they gain and recharge their mental energy. By Nature,

外向型的人，在於他們獲取和補充精神能量的方式。從本質上來說。

introverted people have a higher level of brain activity and therefore feel a

內向的人大腦活動水準較高，是以感覺到了一種

greater need to shield themselves from external stimuli. By withdrawing

更需要屏蔽外界的刺激。通過撤銷

themselves they gain mental energy. The neuronal activity of extraverts is lower.

自己他們獲得精神能量。外向者的神經元活動較低。

They overcome this lack by exposing themselves to external stimulation this

他們通過讓自己接觸外部刺激來克服這種缺憾，這種

charges their inner batteries. To illustrate the difference let's compare

為其內部電池充電。為了說明兩者的區別，我們來比較一下

two imaginary children: Jay is extraverted. He loves to be surrounded by

兩個想象中的孩子。傑伊是外向型的。他喜歡被周圍的

classmates. He enjoys being the center of attention and loves to talk to his

同學們。他喜歡成為眾人矚目的焦點，喜歡和他的朋友哈拉。

buddies about all kinds of stuff. He organizes football games with

夥伴們的各種東西。他組織足球比賽與

strangers and right after is open to playing ping-pong with someone else.

陌生人，緊接著就是和別人打乒乓球的開放。

By seeking social stimuli he gains mental energy. Ann is introverted. As others play

通過尋求社會刺激，他獲得了精神能量。安是內向的。當別人玩

around in the park, she often enjoys sitting alone watching. At home, she

在公園裡轉來轉去，她常常喜歡一個人坐著看。在家裡，她

plants herbs in the garden, all by herself. She slowly becomes a real expert

自己在花園裡種草藥。她慢慢地成為一個真正的專家

in this field but that's her secret.

在這個領域，但這是她的祕密。

To recharge her batteries Ann needs peace and quiet time.

為了給自己的電池充電，安需要和平和安靜的時間。

Introverts are not necessarily shy, even if it appears they like to

內向的人不一定是害羞的，即使看起來他們喜歡。

walk away from small talk. Ann in fact is not shy at all. She is not afraid to talk to anyone,

走走停停的閒聊。安安其實一點都不害羞。她不害怕和任何人說話。

not even seniors. When too many people are around and the conversations

甚至是老年人。當週圍有太多的人，談話的時候

become superficial or confusing she gets super tired. Her strategy is to fade out

變得膚淺或混亂，她會變得超級累。她的策略是淡出

and go inside herself to recharge through silence. Jay loves to have many

並通過沉默去給自己的內心充電。周杰倫喜歡有很多

people around him, to jump from one conversation to the next stimulates him.

周圍的人，從一個對話跳到下一個對話刺激了他。

Some experts claim that extraverts and introverts use different brain areas to

一些專家稱，外向型和內向型的人使用不同的大腦區域來進行。

form their thoughts. An extravert tends to use short term memory and therefore

形成他們的思想。外向型的人傾向於使用短時記憶，是以

is able to come to fast associations Jay therefore talks fast and a lot.

是可以來快速聯想的周杰倫是以說話速度很快，而且很多。

He appears smart because his brain always offers an answer quickly.

他之所以顯得聰明，是因為他的大腦總是能很快地給出答案。

However he often speaks before he thinks and later changes his mind.

然而他往往是先說後想，後來又改變主意。

Someone like Ann works with her brain to carefully retrieve information from her

像安這樣的人，用她的大腦小心翼翼地檢索著她的資訊

long-term memory. Her thoughts are more complex and hence need more time to

長期記憶。她的思想比較複雜，是以需要更多的時間來記憶。

develop. She therefore thinks first and then speaks. If the two were asked for

發展。是以，她先想後說。如果要求這兩個人

directions by a tourist Ann would spend time thinking about the best answer

安會花時間思考最佳答案。

while Jay would have already come up with different kinds of options.

而周杰倫卻早已想好了不同種類的方案。

Good teachers and clever business leaders know about the different nature of

優秀的老師和聰明的企業上司都知道，不同性質的

introverts and extraverts and try to develop their strengths. When raising

內向和外向的人，儘量發展他們的優勢。在培養

questions they ask everyone to think for a minute in silence before answering.

的問題，他們要求大家在回答之前，先靜靜地思考一分鐘。

Extraverts then learn to formalize their thoughts before they speak and

外向型的人就會學會在說話之前把自己的想法正式化，並。

introverts get more talking time to practice public speaking.

內向的人有更多的說話時間來練習公眾演講。

At brainstorming they use a formal process or a talking stick to make sure an Ann

在頭腦風暴時，他們會使用正式的流程或說話的棍子，確保安

also gets to participate.

也能參加。

Group projects can be formalized to support both temperaments. In one project

團體項目可以正規化，支持兩種氣質。在一個項目中

extraverts and introverts work together. Jay then learns from Ann how to think

外向者和內向者一起工作。傑伊就向安學習如何思考

ideas over to develop more complex thoughts. Ann in return benefits from

的想法，以發展更復雜的思想。安則受益於

Jay's fast association skills and learns to think and speak more flexibly. In the

周杰倫的快速聯想能力，學會了更靈活的思考和說話。在

next project the same temperaments work together. Then they see their own traits

下一個項目相同性情的人一起工作。然後他們看到自己的特點

in the opposite person. If confronted with problems in teams of the same

在對面的人。如果在同一團隊中遇到問題時。

character introverts need to speak up and extraverts are forced to think deep

性格內向者需要大聲說話，外向者被迫深思

to proceed. The educator Rudolf Steiner was a proponent of this method for his

來進行。教育家魯道夫-斯坦納是這種方法的支持者，他的。

Waldorf schools. Psychologist Jerome Kagan's research on temperament in

華德福學校。心理學家傑羅姆-卡根對氣質的研究在

Toddlers showed that many character traits we are born with make it into

幼兒表明，我們與生俱來的許多性格特點，使其成

adulthood. He confronted 500 babies with different stimuli like loud sounds and

成年。他讓500個嬰兒面對不同的刺激，如大聲的聲音和。

bad smells. Around 20% of the babies cried or got nervous,

惡臭。大約20%的寶寶會哭鬧或緊張。

40% stayed relaxed and the other 40% were somewhere in between. A second test

40%的人保持放鬆，另外40%的人則介於兩者之間。第二項測試

years later showed, that babies who didn't react strongly turned out to be

年後表明，反應不強烈的嬰兒原來是

more extraverted. What about yourself? Do you consider yourself more introverted

比較外向。那你自己呢？你認為自己比較內向嗎？

or extraverted? Or do you think this classification is flawed and there is no

還是外向型？或者你認為這種分類是有缺陷的，沒有

such thing? Please share your thoughts in the comments below.

這樣的事情？請在下面的評論中分享你的想法。

Millions of students from all around the globe have watched our Sprouts Videos

來自全球各地的數百萬學生已經觀看了我們的Sprouts視頻。

for better learning. Thousands of teachers play them in their classrooms

以便更好地學習。數以千計的教師在課堂上播放他們的作品

to start projects volunteers on YouTube have translated them to over

志願者們在YouTube上將這些項目翻譯成了超過100種語言。

25 languages. Our mission is to promote learning by doing in classrooms around

25種語言。我們的使命是在課堂上通過實踐促進學習，圍繞著

the world. If you are a great explainer and a passionate teacher and you want to

的世界。如果你是一個優秀的講解員，一個充滿激情的老師，你想要

help us develop outstanding content, contact us! To support our channel with a

幫助我們開發優秀的內容，請聯繫我們為了支持我們的頻道，請提供

donation visit patreon.com/sprouts.

捐款請訪問 patreon.com/sprouts。