Very early on at the dawn of the 19th century, they are already at work on a political philosophy that decries racism

早在19世紀初，他們就已經開始研究一種譴責種族主義的政治哲學。

and sexism in American politics. But constitutionally speaking, it begins with the 15th Amendment

和美國政治中的性別歧視。但從憲法上講，它始於第15條修正案。

because Black women also need race to be an impermissible criteria if they are to get

因為黑人婦女也需要種族作為一個不允許的標準，如果她們要獲得。

to the polls. Sojourner Truth is a name people might know.

到民意調查。Sojourner Truth是一個人們可能知道的名字。

The former slave, antislavery activist and women's rights activist. Francis Ellen Watkins

前奴隸、反奴隸制活動家和婦女權利活動家。Francis Ellen Watkins

Harper, poet, antislavery lecturer. We also have figures like Nannie Helen Burroughs,

哈珀，詩人，反奴隸制講師。我們也有像南妮-海倫-伯羅斯這樣的人物。

Ida B. Wells was another major activist that people don't necessarily associate with the

Ida B. Wells是另一位重要的活動家，人們不一定會把他與 "中國 "聯繫起來。

suffrage movement, but she absolutely was. Black women never find a very comfortable

普選運動，但她絕對是。黑人婦女從來沒有找到一個非常舒適的

home in women's suffrage associations, racism is always present, sometimes in very pronounced

在婦女選舉協會中，種族主義總是存在，有時甚至是非常明顯的。

ways. We have pictures of parades, marches, women dressed up in sort of late 19th, early

的方式。我們有遊行的照片，遊行的照片， 婦女穿著有點19年底，早期的

20th century Victorian gear, hats, large hats, carrying signs about votes for women. And

20世紀維多利亞時代的裝備，帽子，大帽子，帶著關於婦女投票的標語。還有

most of these images are of white women. The key figures are a remarkable duo of women--Elizabeth

這些影像大多是白人女性。關鍵人物是一對傑出的女性組合--伊麗莎白?

Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony… And those two women will take us to the 19th Amendment.

Cady Stanton和Susan B. Anthony... 這兩個女人會把我們帶到第19條修正案中去

In August of 1920, the state of Tennessee will, by a mere one vote, ratify the 19th

在1920年8月，田納西州將僅以一票之差，準許了第19條。

Amendment ,an amendment that prohibits the states from using sex as a criteria for voting

修正，禁止各州以性別作為投票標準的修正案。

and it will become part of the Constitution.And American women win the right to vote. So,

它將成為憲法的一部分，美國婦女贏得了投票權。所以..,

for a white woman, it was the end of a long fight. But for many black women, it was just

對於一個白人女性來說，這是一個長期鬥爭的結束。但對許多黑人婦女來說，這只是

the beginning of an uphill battle to exercise those rights. African American women are aware,

開始了行使這些權利的艱苦鬥爭。非裔美國婦女意識到：

but really everyone is aware that nothing in the 19th Amendment is going to prohibit

但其實每個人都知道，第19條修正案中沒有任何東西會禁止。

individual states from continuing to disenfranchise Black voters.

個別州繼續剝奪黑人選民的權利；

And so the 19th Amendment, even as we mark this anniversary

是以，第19條修正案，即使在我們紀念這個週年紀念的時候

… It leaves many, many American women to continue the struggle for political rights,

......它讓許多許多美國婦女繼續為政治權利而奮鬥。

including the vote. And African American women are one chapter or one facet of that story.

包括投票。而非裔美國婦女是這個故事的一個章節或一個方面。

There's nothing in the 19th Amendment that guarantees Chinese immigrant women the vote.

在第19條修正案中，並沒有保障中國移民婦女的投票權。

There's nothing in the 19th Amendment that guarantees to Native American women the vote…

第19條修正案中並沒有保證美國土著婦女的投票權... ...

Latin X women, particularly Mexican American women, also occupy an ambiguous place in the

拉丁X族婦女，特別是墨西哥裔美國婦女，也在社會中佔據著曖昧的地位。

story of voting rights. For Black women, the right to vote is symbolic. And that's not

投票權的故事。對於黑人婦女來說，投票權是象徵性的。而這並不是

to diminish symbolism, it's to say that the right to vote is a sign that they are full

減弱象徵意義，是說選舉權是他們充滿的標誌。

and equal citizens of the United States. African American women are facing the challenges of racial

和美國的平等公民。非裔美國婦女正面臨著種族隔離的挑戰。

violence, lynching and access to the polls. African American women are looking at a range

暴力、私刑和投票的機會。非裔美國婦女正在關注一系列的問題。

of inequalities, economic inequalities, housing inequalities, health inequalities, educational

不平等、經濟不平等、住房不平等、健康不平等、教育不平等

inequalities, and access to the ballot is a lever in those struggles. It is the gateway

不平等，而投票權是這些鬥爭中的一個槓桿。它是一個途徑。

to sitting on juries. It is the gateway to office holding. Black women have an agenda,

到坐在陪審團裡。這是擔任公職的門檻。黑人婦女有一個議程。

and it is an ambitious one, and one they hope the vote will help them further.

而且這是一個雄心勃勃的計劃，他們希望這次投票能幫助他們更進一步。

What did the white people have to fear from so many Blacks registering?

這麼多黑人登記，白人有什麼好怕的？

What Black women want in the wake of the 19th Amendment

黑人婦女在第19條修正案之後想要什麼？

is federal legislation that will now protect their voting rights... to impose on those

是聯邦立法，現在將保護他們的投票權... ...對這些人實施

states with a history of disenfranchising Black voters, an extra requirement. And Black

有剝奪黑人選民權利歷史的州，這是一個額外的要求。而黑人

women will wage a campaign that will take them all the way to 1965 and passage of the

婦女們將發動一場運動，將她們帶到1965年，並在1965年通過《憲法》。

Voting Rights Act in that year. It's important to say that winning the Voting Rights Act

當年的《選舉權法案》。要說贏得《選舉權法》的勝利，很重要的一點是

is a brutal, brutal campaign. Black Americans, women and men put their lives on the line

是一個殘酷的，殘酷的運動。美國黑人，婦女和男人把他們的生命在行

in too many southern jurisdictions in order to force the hand of Congress, to force the

在太多的南方司法管轄區，以迫使國會的手，迫使。

hand of Lyndon Johnson to win voting rights legislation. This is not an easy road for

林登-約翰遜的手，贏得投票權立法。這條路並不容易，因為

African American women. It is a harrowing road. But it is indeed a victory, one that

非裔美國婦女。這是一條痛苦的道路。但這確實是一個勝利，一個

Black women had been looking for for nearly half a century.

近半個世紀以來，黑人婦女一直在尋找。

I know that my grandmother raised my mother, that they always had to vote like it was something

我知道，我的祖母養育了我的母親， 他們總是要投票，就像它是什麼。

that she was born in. My grandmother, Susie Jones. Her portrait hangs on the wall. And

她出生的地方我的祖母，蘇西-瓊斯。她的畫像掛在牆上。還有

I am very accountable to her even as she passed many years ago. People ask me...

我對她很有責任感，即使她已經去世多年。人們問我...

Today, we live in an era of voter suppression. Laws that are neutral

今天，我們生活在一個壓制選民的時代。中立的法律

on their face. Voter I.D. requirements or the purging of voter rolls, or the shuttering

在他們的臉上。選民身份要求或清理選民名冊，或關閉。

of polling places, none of which announce that they are aimed at keeping voters of color,

的投票站，沒有一個人宣佈他們的目的是保持有色人種選民。

women of color from the polls. But when we look at those laws in practice, we can recognize

有色人種的婦女不能參加投票。但是，當我們看到這些法律在實踐中，我們可以認識到。

that like in 1920, in 2020, seemingly neutral laws are being used to disproportionately

就像1920年一樣，在2020年，看似中立的法律被用來不成比例地。

keep people of color away from the polls.

讓有色人種遠離投票站。

By running for political office and effecting

通過競選政治職務和影響

change on the ground in their communities, in their state… we now have Black women

在他們的社區，在他們的國家，在地面上的變化... ... 我們現在有黑人婦女。

running for governorships. And we have a number of African Americans that we've seen has shaped

競選州長職位。我們有一些非洲裔美國人 我們已經看到已經形成了。

elections. So I think that the idea of enfranchisement is also expanded to not just being able to

選舉。所以，我認為，選舉權的概念也被擴大到不僅僅是能夠。

vote, but exercising political power and exercising political agency. And I think that's the legacy

投票，但行使政治權力和行使政治機構。我認為這是遺產

of the suffrage movement To me, these are not women who dropped out

對我來說，這些人並不是輟學的婦女。

of the sky. These are women who come out of a political tradition and are building upon

的天空。這些女性都是從政治傳統中走出來的，並且是在

that. And will tell you that if you ask them. These women and the generations that followed

那。而且會告訴你，如果你問她們。這些女人和後來的幾代人

worked to make democracy and opportunity real in the lives of all of us who followed.

努力使民主和機會在我們所有追隨者的生活中成為現實。