does "inversion" mean? "Inversion" is when you change the order of something. Right?

是倒裝句? 倒裝句指的是你在順序上做了某種改變，對吧？

So we're looking at grammar. Usually, you know in a sentence a subject comes first and

我們來看看文法。通常，你知道句子中主詞會出現在前面，然後

then a verb. Today we're going to look at situations where that is reversed. Now, of

是動詞。今天我們要看的情形正好相反。當然

course, I'm sure that you know that in questions: "Are you sure?" the verb comes before the

相信你知道，在 "Are you sure?" 這樣的問句中動詞放置在

subject in all questions. That's what makes a question structure a question structure.

主詞前面。這就是構成問句的方式

However, there are other situations where we have this inversion, but we're looking

然而，在其他情況下會出現倒裝，我們會看到的

at a sentence; we're not looking at a question.

是直敘句，而不是問句

Now, the thing to understand about inversions is that they are very particular. There are

需要知道的是，倒裝句是非常特別的用法。只有

only a few expressions that you're going to use inversion with. You can't put them in

少數幾種表達方式會使用倒裝句。你不能將它們

just about... In just any sentence that you want. The examples that I've written on the

帶入任何你想使用的句型。寫在黑板上的範例

board are the ones that you might read or that you might want to write. There are other

是你可能碰到，或者可能使用的。也有其他

situations that use this, but unless you're writing poetry or artistic, creative novels

情況會運用倒裝，但除非你寫詩、搞藝術，或者撰寫創意小說

- you don't need them and you don't really need to worry about them either. They're very

- 你不需要，也不必擔心這樣的用法。它們很

rare. It's very rare you'll see them. It's very, very formal language style. And you'll

少見。你不會太常遇到。這是非常，非常正式的語言風格。而你

recognize them, hopefully, when you do see them.

看見這樣的用法時，便能認出它們來

So let's start here. When we have "not only". Generally speaking, when we have a sentence

現在開始吧。當我們碰到 "not only"。一般來說，當遇到句子是

that begins with a negative, we're going to have inversion, but especially when you have

以否定為開頭，就會有倒裝出現，特別是在有

"not only", you're going to have inversion. Okay?

"not only" 的時候，會進行倒裝，瞭解嗎？

"Not only did he", so there's your verb, there's your subject, there's your verb. Okay? We

"Not only did he"，動詞在這，主詞在這邊，動詞在這，看到嗎？我們

have the helping verb, the auxiliary verb to start. "Not only did he win", and then

由助動詞開始. 在句子"Not only did he win"後面接著

we have the "but", "also" to go with "not only". This is like an expression that's fixed;

"but"和"also" 搭配"not only"。這是一種固定的用法

you're always going to be looking at the same thing. "Not only did he win, but he also broke

你總是會看到一樣的句型。"Not only did he win, but he also broke

the record." Whatever. "Not only", inversion, "but also".

the record." 諸如此類。 "Not only"，倒裝，再接"but also"

"Under no circumstances", this is another expression that you'll see regularly. And

"Under no circumstances"，這是另一個常見的用法。而

again, we're looking at the negative construction which is why we're looking at the inversion.

同樣的，我們看到的是否定用語，所以會有倒裝

"Under no circumstances should you call her/call him."

"Under no circumstances should you call her/call him."

Okay? Whatever you do, don't call. "Under no circumstances". "Circumstances", basically

瞭解嗎？不管你在幹嘛，都別打電話。在任何情況下都一樣。"Circumstances"，基本上

situation. "In no situation should you call". "In no situation", same idea. Okay?

就是情況的意思。"In no situation should you call" 的 "In no situation" 也是同樣的概念，瞭解嗎?

Another negative: "nor". What is "nor"? Is the negative of "or". Okay? "Or", "nor". Again,

另一個否定用法："nor"。什麼是"nor"? 就是"or"的否定用法。同樣的

many people don't use this word anymore; it's a little bit old-fashioned, a little bit high

很多人現在不再使用這個詞，它有些過時、太過

formality level. But... "The mayor of Toronto refused to resign, nor

正式。但... "The mayor of Toronto refused to resign, nor

do we expect him to." Okay? So after "nor", we still have the inversion.

do we expect him to." 看到嗎？所以在"nor"的後面，我們仍會使用倒裝

Verb, subject, verb. Verb, subject. Okay? I'm not sure if you know the mayor of Toronto,

動詞，主詞，動詞，動詞，主詞。我不確定你知不知道多倫多的市長

he's very famous now. We're not very proud, but that's a whole other story.

他現在非常有名。我們並不引以為傲，這就是另外的故事了

Next, so these are the three negatives. These two are also very similar. Again, very formal

所以這邊有三個否定的用法，接著繼續。這兩者是非常相似的用法。也是非常正式

style, but you might see it, you might want to use it in your essays or whatever.

的風格，但你可能在哪裡看過，或者想在論文之類的地方使用

"Should you need any help, don't hesitate to call."

"Should you need any help, don't hesitate to call."

What does this mean? "Should you need", if you need. "Should" is just a more formal way

這是什麼意思？ "Should you need"，如果你需要。"Should"是更加正式的表達方式

to say: "if". "If you need any help, don't hesitate to call.", "Should you need any help,

來表示"if"。"If you need any help, don't hesitate to call."，"Should you need any help,

don't hesitate to call." Now, this is a verb, subject, verb. If we use: "if", then there's

don't hesitate to call."。動詞在這裡，主詞，動詞。如果我們使用"if"，那便

no issue. Then you have "if" which is a conjunction, adverb, clause, conjunction, subject, verb.

沒有問題。"if"作為連接詞，副詞，子句，連接詞，主詞，動詞

"Should" makes it verb, subject, verb.

"Should"的話則是動詞，主詞，動詞

"Had" is the same thing with the "if", but a different structure of the conditional,

"Had"跟"if"一樣，但有不同的條件結構

a different "if" structure. "Had I known you were coming, I would have

和 "if" 的結構不同。"Had I known you were coming, I would have

changed." "If I had known", "If I had known you were

changed." "If I had known"，"If I had known you were

coming", "Had I known", it's basically you're making the sentence a little bit shorter,

coming"，"Had I known"，基本上你把句子縮短

a little more formal. You're starting with a verb, a subject, and another verb. Okay?

語氣更加正式。從動詞開始，主詞，然後再一個動詞，對吧？

Past perfect, of course. So these are the conditionals, these are the no's.

過去完成式，理所當然。所以這些是條件句，上面則是否定句型。

Now, we have the comparatives, when you're comparing something. When you're comparing

現在，是比較句。就是去比較某事物。當比較的事物是

an action, so you're using the clause marker: "as", not the preposition: "like". So:

動作時，你會使用從句標記"as"，而不是介繫詞"like"。所以：

"John speaks Chinese, as does Lucy." Okay? "Lucy" is actually the subject, here's

"John speaks Chinese, as does Lucy." "Lucy"是主詞，這裡是

the verb, here's a subject. Now, I could put a period and put a new sentence. "So does

動詞，再來主詞。我可以在這邊加個句號，然後開始新句子。 "So does

Lucy." Same idea. "Lucy does as well." If I want the subject, verb order. But when you

Lucy." 同樣的道理。 "Lucy does as well."，如果我想照著主詞接動詞的語序。但當你

start with "as", you're going to invert the order. This is a clause marker, adverb clause marker to compare.

以"as" 開頭，順序就要倒過來。這是從句標記，副詞從記標句來作比較

"More important than love is money." Now, you're thinking: "Well, isn't love the

"More important than love is money." 現在你可能這樣想：摁？love 應該是

subject?" No, "money" is the subject. "Money is more important than love." But again, style,

主詞吧？ 不對，"money"才是主詞。 "Money is more important than love." 同樣的，風格上

you want to have it a little bit different... Different structure to impress the reader,

你希望有些不同，用不同的結構去驚豔讀者

to make it a little bit different - you start with the comparative, and then the verb, and

去做些變化- 你由比較句型開始，接著是動詞，然後

then the subject. Okay. Because "than love", this is an object in this situation.

主詞。因為"love"，在這邊是作為賓語

Then we have a few expressions. "Here comes Jane."

接著還有些其他用法。"Here comes Jane."

Now, "here" is not a subject; "here" is here. Right? It's an... It's an adverb in this situation.

"here" 不是主詞，指的是位置在這，對吧？ 在這邊作為地方副詞

"Jane comes here." Sounds a little strange, doesn't it? That's why we invert everything

"Jane comes here." 聽起來有點怪不是嗎？ 這就是為什麼我們把它整個反過來

to make it a little bit more natural. "Here comes Jane." Here comes Jane.

讓它變得更順更自然。"Here comes Jane."，Jane過來了

Then we have some expressions. Now, it looks like a question but we make it look like a

還有這樣的用法。它看起來像問句，但是我們讓它看起來像

question to give it more emphasis, to give it more strength.

問句，以用來強調、加強語氣

"Man, is it cold out!" I'm not asking you: "Is it cold out?" No,

"Man, is it cold out!" 我並不是在問你："Is it cold out?" 不是，

I know it's cold out. I'm telling you it's cold out and I'm telling you very strongly.

我知道很冷。我是在用強烈的語氣告訴你很冷

"Is it cold out.", "Man, am I hungry." It means: I am really hungry, but making it very

"Is it cold out."，"Man, am I hungry." 是指我非常餓，用非常

strong; we're making a point of emphasizing which is why we invert the subject and the verb. Okay?

強烈的語氣說；為了去強調我們才去倒裝主詞跟動詞，瞭解嗎？

And, of course, you have your question. "Are you sure?"

同樣的，問句也是一樣的道理。 "Are you sure?"

"Are you happy?", "Did he come?", "Did you see that?" Whatever the situation is.

"Are you happy?"， "Did he come?"， "Did you see that?" 不論在怎樣的情況下

So there you... You have it: inversion. It's not complicated. You have to just remember

都會有倒裝。這並不複雜，只要記住

the particular structures that use inversion. When you see it, you'll understand what's

在特殊的句型下，才會使用倒裝。當你接觸到時，你會瞭解這是

going on; when you want to use it, here's your list. Pick one, write your sentence,

如何進行；當你想使用倒裝，參考這個清單。選一個，寫下你的句子

make it work.

來做到裝

Of course, go to www.engvid.com. We have a quiz there that you can practice these a little bit more.

當然，可以去 engvid 網站。我們提供問題讓你練習更多。

And we'll see you again soon.

下次見。