are easily confused." Hi. James from engVid. I'm reading Miyamoto Musashi on strategy.

很容易被迷惑"。你好，我是engVid的詹姆斯。我是engVid的詹姆斯。我在讀宮本武藏的戰略。

Hiya! Except Mr. Musashi said something rather interesting, and that's today's lesson. Confusing

你好！只不過武藏先生說了一句比較有意思的話，這就是今天的課程。糊塗

words. You probably heard me talk about speed and strength being confused with power and

的話。你可能聽我說過，速度和力量與力量和混淆了。

quickness. We native speakers regularly confuse it, thinking that they are the same things,

迅速。我們母語人士經常把它混淆，以為它們是一樣的東西。

and there are other words that I know you probably have problems with, and maybe some

還有其他的詞，我知道你可能有問題，也許有些

native speakers as well, and we're going to learn them today. You ready?

我們今天要學習的是母語。你準備好了嗎？

Let's go to the board.

我們去董事會吧。

So. Confused words. Mr. E, Sensei. What do we have? "Everyday, I ain't learned nothing,

所以。惑的話。E先生，老師。我們有什麼？"每天，我什麼也沒學到。

but may be I should have studied harder!" Okay, I'm putting on an accent and playing.

但可能是我應該更加努力學習！"好吧，我裝腔作勢地玩。

Mr. E is saying: "Every day..." And "ain't" is bad English. We've got a video on that,

E先生說："每天..:"每天..."而 "不是 "是不好的英語。我們有一個視頻。

so go check it out, okay? It talks about when people say it, and then you'll understand

所以去看看，好嗎？它講的是人們什麼時候說的，然後你就會明白了

my strange accent. Okay? And: "Learned nothing, but I should have studied harder." Well, there

我奇怪的口音。好嗎？還有"什麼都沒學到，但我應該更努力學習"嗯，有

are... There's a confused word here and here, and this word is wrong. When we finish the

是...這裡和這裡有一個混淆的字，這個字是錯的。當我們完成了

lesson, you'll understand why I say that, and why these confuse people.

課，你就會明白我為什麼這麼說，為什麼這些讓人困惑。

The first one we're going to do is "study" versus "learn." What does it mean to study,

第一個我們要做的是 "研究 "與 "學習"。什麼叫 "學習"。

and what does it mean to learn? It's often been said: "You can study a lot, and learn

以及什麼叫學習？人們常說"你可以學習很多東西，並學習

nothing." Why? Because learning, when you learn something, you gain knowledge by studying,

什麼都沒有。"為什麼這麼說呢？因為學習，當你學到東西的時候，你會通過學習獲得知識。

by practicing. You know, you play the piano again, and again, and again, that's practice.

通過練習。你知道嗎，你一遍又一遍地彈琴，一遍又一遍地彈琴，這就是練習。

You don't look at the keys, ding dong dong, you actually practice it to get it into your

你不是看著琴鍵，叮叮咚咚，而是真正的練習，讓它進入你的內心

body, so to speak. When you study, that's more like reading or trying to memorize things,

體，可以這麼說。當你學習的時候，那更像是在看書，或者是在努力背東西。

right? For a test.

對嗎？為了測試。

So learning, you are going to gain a skill, or you will get knowledge. You will learn

所以學習，你要獲得一種技能，或者說你會獲得知識。你會學到

something new, something you didn't understand, you will now understand. Okay? There's something

新的東西，你不明白的東西， 你現在會明白的。明白了嗎？有一些東西

you will have. It may not be something you put in your hand, but it's something you put

你會有的。它可能不是你放在手裡的東西，但它是你放在。

in your head. Okay? And the best thing about it is not only have you put it in your head,

在你的頭上。好嗎？而最好的事情是，不僅有 你把它在你的頭上。

you can now take this information and use it to learn new things, or use it to do things.

你現在可以把這些資訊用來學習新的東西，或者用它來做事情。

Right? You can study how to make a cake, but when you learn how to make a cake, you have

對不對？你可以學習如何做蛋糕，但當你學習如何做蛋糕時，你有

a recipe. Right? And you can use that recipe again and again.

一個配方。對吧？而且你可以一次又一次地使用這個配方。

Studying is a little different. Why? Because studying is actually a part of learning. If

學習就有點不一樣了。為什麼這麼說呢？因為學習其實也是學習的一部分。如果

you look carefully up here, it says: "Studying, practicing, being taught." You know, somebody...

你仔細看這裡，上面寫著："學習，練習，被教導。"你知道，有人...

Somebody will teach you. You go and you get a teacher. A teacher says: "You're doing this,

有人會教你。你去找一個老師。老師說："你要這樣做。

this, this, and this." You're not reading and memorizing; someone is speaking to you.

這個，這個，還有這個。"你不是在看書背書，有人在跟你說話。

And even when we talk about learning experience, right? Trust me: if you get hit by a car...

就算是談學習經驗吧？相信我：如果你被車撞了... ...

I've been hit by a car three times, man. Not fun. Riding a bicycle, boom! You learn: look

我已經被車撞了三次，夥計。不好玩騎自行車的時候，砰！你學會了：看

both ways, and be smart. You didn't have to memorize that. One hit by a car - you will

兩邊都要，而且要聰明。你沒必要記住這些。被車撞了一下--你會

learn, okay? So, that's what learning means.

學習，好嗎？所以，這就是學習的意義。

When you study, we talk about studying being reading, right? Memorizing facts, that means

學習的時候，我們講學習就是讀書，對不對？記憶事實，就是

trying to put it in your memory so you don't have to keep thinking about it. But another

試圖把它放在你的記憶中，這樣你就不用一直想著它了。但另一個

thing about study which is a little confusing is when you attend school. What do I mean?

關於學習的事情，有一點讓人困惑的是，當你上學的時候。什麼叫上學？

Well, when you attend school, you go for classes, right? So sometimes you hear people say: "What

嗯，上學的時候，你是去上課的吧？所以有時候你會聽到有人說，"什麼？

do you study?" And they're talking about what is the subject, right? Or: "What are your

你是學什麼的？"他們說的是什麼科目，對吧？或者："你的

classes? Do you take mathematics?" You say: "I'm studying math, geography, and history

上課嗎？你上數學課嗎？"你說："我學的是數學、地理和歷史"我學的是數學，地理，還有歷史

this term." Studying, that means memorizing some facts from these and reading about them.

本學期的"。學習，就是要記住這些中的一些事實，並讀懂它們。

Okay? Or: -"What are you studying?" -"The law. I'm going to get a law degree", or: "I'm

好嗎？或者： - "你在學什麼？"-"法律，我準備拿個法律學位"，或者：我要去拿一個法律學位"，或者。"我...

going to get a medical degree." You cannot learn a medical degree, you study for a medical

去拿醫學學位。"學醫的學歷是學不來的，你學習醫

degree. So when we say "study," we talk about attending school. What school do you go to?

學位。所以我們說的 "學習"，就是指上學。你上的是什麼學校？

What subject, what classes?

什麼科目，什麼班級？

And that is the difference between them, right? You can see: one is getting knowledge and

這就是他們之間的區別，對不對？你可以看到：一個是獲得知識和

attaining knowledge, and if you study you will learn things. But you study degrees in

獲得知識，如果你學習，你會學到東西。但你學習的程度在

subjects like law and medicine. Not... There is no learning a degree for law or medicine.

法律和醫學等科目。不是...法律和醫學是沒有學習學位的。

Cool? But I can understand why students get confused, because they are part of each other,

爽嗎？但我能理解學生為什麼會感到困惑，因為他們是彼此的一部分。

or studying is a part of learning. So therefore, we can say: "Studying is one way of learning."

或學習是學習的一部分。是以，我們可以說"學習是學習的一種方式"

You can study grammar rules to learn grammar. True. Okay, and you will learn grammar. You

你可以研究文法規則來學習文法。沒錯好吧，你會學習文法的。你是

will understand it. However, to learn conversation, you need to practice. You can't study conversation.

會明白的。但是，要想學會對話，你需要練習。你不能學習會話。

You won't be good at it unless you practice it, which means to do. Right? Which is a little

如果你不練習，你就不會有好的表現，也就是做。對不對？這是一個小

different than studying some rules or reading in a book, right? Cool.

和研究一些規則或讀書不同，對吧？爽啊

Just to give a, you know, couple little examples we have here: "I was studying until 4am."

只是為了舉一個，你知道， 幾個小例子，我們在這裡。"我一直學習到凌晨4點"

In this case, we're talking about memorization, right? Reading, and trying to put in my memory,

在這種情況下，我們說的是記憶，對嗎？讀書，並試圖把我的記憶。

information for a test I might have later on. Okay? I may or may not have learned. 4am

我以後可能會有一個測試的資訊。好嗎？我可能學了，也可能沒學。凌晨4點

is a, you know, that's late at night. You might be a little tired and not... Didn't

是一個，你知道，這是深夜。你可能有點累了，不... ...沒有...

learn anything, but at least you studied, right? "I learned how to make money." That's

學會了什麼，但至少你學習了，對嗎？"我學會了如何賺錢。"那是...

a skill, okay? You can't always get that from a book or read about it; you got to go do

一種技能，好嗎？你不能總是從書本上或閱讀上得到，你得去做。

it. Sure, you can read about it, but until you practice it, it's not yours, and you don't

它。當然，你可以讀到它， 但直到你實踐它， 它不是你的，你不知道。

have that money. So once you have the money, you go: "Oh! I learned something from that

有了這筆錢。所以，一旦你有了錢，你就會去。"哦，我從中學到了一些東西

book. I studied it, now I learned." Cool? All right. We have two other lessons we're

的書。我研究了一下，現在我學會了。"爽嗎？好吧，我們還有兩節課我們有兩個其他的教訓，我們是

going to do on confused words. This one should be clear to you.

要做的迷糊話。這個你應該清楚了。

And problem: if you notice, I put this up in the corner for you. Both are verbs. That's

而問題是：如果你注意到，我把這個放在角落裡給你看。這兩個都是動詞。那是...

one of the problems, because people use them as verbs: "I am studying, I am learning",

的問題之一，因為人們把它們當作動詞使用。"我在學習，我在學習"。

and they don't differentiate. And they are also related. That's the other thing that

而他們不分彼此。而且它們也是相關的。這就是另一件事

makes it a problem. Because they're related. Remember what I told you: you can study to

使它成為一個問題。因為它們是相關的。記得我跟你說過：你可以學習到

learn. That relationship causes confusion in people's brains, right? "I'm studying,

學習。這種關係造成人們大腦的混亂吧？"我在學習。

I'm learning", they kind of go together, but they're different, okay? In the end, they're

我在學習"，它們有點像在一起，但又不一樣，好嗎？最後，他們是

different. All right? So, ready? We're going to go and do the next one in a second.

不同的。好嗎？所以，準備好了嗎？我們要去做下一個在第二。

Okay. Let's do "maybe", "may be". Wow, I said the same word twice. Am I tired? No, it's

好吧，那就用 "也許"、"可能 "吧。讓我們做 "也許"，"可能"。哇，我說了兩次同樣的詞。我累了嗎？不，是...

the next confusing word, or words. "Maybe" versus "may be". Okay? When we look at "maybe"

下一個混亂的詞，或詞。"也許 "與 "可能"。好嗎？當我們看到 "也許"

when it's one word, it's actually an adverb. It means perhaps or possibly. Right? You can

當它是一個詞的時候，它實際上是一個副詞。它的意思是也許或可能。對不對？你可以...

literally take "maybe" out of the sentence and put "perhaps" or "probably" and it will

從字面上看，把 "也許 "從句子中拿出來，加上 "也許 "或 "可能"，就會......。

make sense completely. Okay?

完全有意義。好嗎？

When we look at "may be", right? With that little pause, it actually means "could be",

當我們看 "可能 "的時候，對不對？有了這個小停頓，其實就是 "可能 "的意思。

"might be", or "would be". It's considered an auxiliary verb. Why? Because what we're

"可能是"，或 "會是"。它被認為是一個助動詞。為什麼這麼說？因為我們要做的

really looking at is a modal. We're looking at the modal "may" just as "could", "would",

真正在看的是一個模態。我們在看模態的 "可能"，就像 "可能"、"會 "一樣。

and "might" are modals. Okay, understand? And we're joining the "be" verb. It's a helper

和 "可能 "是情態。好的，明白嗎？我們加入了 "be "這個動詞 And we're joining the "be" verb.這是一個輔助詞

verb. Okay? So because of that, that's the difference between them. You cannot put "perhaps"

動詞好嗎？ 所以正因為如此，這就是它們之間的區別。所以正因為如此，這就是它們之間的區別。你不能把 "也許"

where you would put this; it wouldn't' make any sense. All right?

你會把這個放在哪裡，它不會'使任何意義。好嗎？

Now, we're going to go down and explain another thing where it has to do with you can't really

現在，我們要下去解釋另一件事，它與你不能真正的。

put verbs together, right? We have an auxiliary verb that helps, but you can't have two solid

把動詞放在一起，對嗎？我們有一個輔助動詞的幫助， 但你不能有兩個堅實的。

verbs, or two main verbs together. So let's go here first: "Mr. E may be sleeping in his

動詞，或者兩個主動詞一起用。所以，我們先說到這裡："E先生可能在他的。

room." So when we're saying that, what we're saying is: "Mr. E could be sleeping in his

房間。"所以當我們說這句話的時候，我們的意思是："E先生可能會在他的房間裡睡覺。

room", or: "Mr. E might be sleeping in his room." If you noticed, I did a direct substitution,

房間"，或者，"E先生可能在他的房間裡睡覺"E先生可能在他的房間裡睡覺。"如果你注意到，我做了一個直接的替換。

and this sentence means exactly the same. Right? Now, when we say this... And that's...

和這句話的意思完全一樣。對不對？現在，當我們說這個...那就是...

When I should say that it's a possibility. Right?

當我應該說這是一種可能性。對吧？

When we look down here and we do the next one: "There are many people with stupid ideas,

當我們往下看，我們做下一個。"有許多人有愚蠢的想法。

and maybe they shouldn't express them", what we could put in instead here is "perhaps".

也許他們不應該表達出來"，這裡我們可以換成 "也許"。

Right? "There are many people with stupid ideas, and perhaps they shouldn't express

對吧？"有很多人有愚蠢的想法，也許他們不應該表達出來

them." It's the same meaning. Okay?

他們"。這是同樣的意思。好嗎？

Now, if we try to do this... Right? "There are many people with stupid ideas and could

現在，如果我們嘗試這樣做... ...對吧？"有很多人有愚蠢的想法，並可以

be they shouldn't express them." It makes no sense whatsoever. Okay? Because we're trying

是他們不應該表達出來。"這沒有任何意義。好嗎？因為我們正在努力

to put in a modal verb with another modal verb, and it just doesn't work. You can't

要把一個情態動詞和另一個情態動詞放在一起，這就不行了。你不能

do that in English. Okay?

在英語中做。好嗎？

Which leads me down here: "may be" is an auxiliary verb and shouldn't be used-noticed how I used

這讓我想到了這裡。"may be "是一個助動詞，不應該被使用--注意到我是怎麼用的嗎？

the modal over there?-with other modals. And then "maybe" like this is an adverb. It's

那邊的修飾詞嗎--與其他修飾詞。然後像這樣的 "也許 "是個副詞。這是

in red because I want you to remember that. Okay?

紅色的，因為我想讓你記住這一點。好嗎？

What's the problem here? Well, the problem here is both words look the same. I mean,

這裡的問題是什麼？問題是兩個詞看起來都一樣我的意思是..,

really, except for this small space, if I... If I did this, just even a small piece, you'd

真的，除了這個小空間，如果我... ...如果我這樣做，哪怕是一小塊，你也會... ...

think it's the same word. So what's the problem? And that's the problem that most of us native

認為是同一個詞。那麼問題出在哪裡呢？這也是我們大多數本地人的問題所在

speakers have, because sometimes you don't look carefully, and it's like: "It's the same.

演講者有，因為有時你不 仔細看，它的喜歡，"這是一樣的。

Who cares? No one will notice.

誰在乎呢？沒有人會注意到。

" Yeah, well, some people who grammar will notice is the problem.

"是啊，有些人的文法會注意到是問題。

And the other problem we have is they sound the same. Remember I started off with: "We're

而我們的另一個問題是，他們的聲音是一樣的。記得我一開始說的是："我們...

going to work on 'maybe' and 'may be'", and I scratched my head? I did that because, really,

要在'也許'和'可能'上下功夫"，我撓了撓頭?我這樣做是因為，真的。

how would you know the difference, unless you look at the paper? Cool? We got one more

你怎麼會知道的區別，除非你看紙？爽不爽？我們還有一個

to do, because you know, I like to give you a bargain for your money. Let's go.

因為你知道，我喜歡給你一個便宜的價格。我們走吧

Okay, so let's get back to our everyday lesson. What? Well, we're going to find out what that

好了，讓我們回到我們的日常課程。什麼課？好了，我們要找出什麼是什麼。

means in about two seconds. Remember I said other confused words? "Every day" versus "everyday".

意思是在兩秒鐘左右。還記得我說過其他的混淆詞嗎？"每天 "與 "天天"。

This has a similar problem to the last one we did. Okay? And the reason why I say that

這個問題和我們上次做的有相似之處。好嗎？我之所以這麼說

is this: the only difference, really, between them is here's a space right here. See that

是這樣的：他們之間唯一的區別，其實就是這裡有一個空間，就在這裡。看到了嗎？

space? No space, and space. And they're both adjectives, as you can see on the board. So,

空間？沒有空間，還有空間。而且它們都是形容詞，你可以在黑板上看到。所以說

what's the real difference and what is the problem? Okay.

什麼是真正的區別，什麼是問題？好吧，我知道了

First of all, when we say: "Every day", there is a huge difference. We're talking about

首先，當我們說。"每天"，有一個巨大的區別。我們說的是

here is "every" is an adjective. I'm not actually talking about "day", I'm adding that on. And

這裡的 "每 "是一個形容詞。其實我說的不是 "日"，我是把它加上去。還有

you can see later on after we do this, it's sort of "every" is an adjective that can be

你可以看到後面我們做了這個之後，它的排序是 "每 "是一個形容詞，可以是

added to anything, right? Every, everyone, every person. So it's an adjective that modifies

添加到任何東西，對不對？每個人，每個人，每個人。所以它是一個形容詞，修飾了

this "day". Right? "Day" is the noun. Okay? And when we say this, what we're actually

這個 "日子"。對不對？"日 "是名詞。好嗎？ 當我們說這個的時候，當我們說這個的時候，我們實際上是

saying is something... Rather it's something is interesting, we're saying it's one of a

說是什麼...與其說是什麼東西很有趣，不如說是其中之一

group. Because "days" are general, and we're talking about one of those days. And to simplify

組。因為 "天 "是一般的，而我們說的是其中的一個天。而為了簡化

it, think of these markers. Okay? Monday, Tuesday, Happy Days, Wednesday, Thur... Bad

它，認為這些標記。好嗎？ - 星期一，星期二，快樂的日子，星期三，星期四...星期一，星期二，快樂的日子，星期三，星期四... ...壞的

TV program from the 80's. Don't worry. But look, every one of these markers... And I

80年代的電視節目。別擔心 Don't worry.但是，你看，每一個這些標記... ...而我...

said "every one", right? Using the adjective "every", one. Each marker is a single thing,

說的是 "每一個 "吧？用形容詞 "每一個"，一個。每一個標記都是一個東西。

right? And "every" is the group, so we're talking about one marker out of the group.

對吧？而 "每 "是一組，所以我們說的是一組中的一個標記。

Okay? And that's the one we're talking about here. All right? Cool?

好嗎？這就是我們在這裡談論的一個。好嗎？爽嗎？

Here's where the confusion comes in, because when we want to talk about not one of a group,

這裡就有困惑了，因為當我們要談的不是一個群體的時候。

but normal or common, we can also say: "everyday" and that's a problem because... I'll give

但正常或常見，我們也可以說，"日常"，這是一個問題，因為... ...我給

you an example. These are my everyday clothes. I wear them... Not... It's not every day I

你的例子。這是我的日常衣服。我穿著它們...不是...這不是每天我

wear them. They're just common for me. They're normal. Okay? But when we talk about "every

穿著它們。他們只是普通的我。他們是正常的。好嗎？但當我們談論 "每一個

day", we're trying to talk about each and every day. A little confusing? Not really.

天"，我們想說的是每一天。有點混亂？不太清楚

Think of it again, once again, markers, we're talking about a group, but each individual

再想一想，再一次標記，我們說的是一個群體，但每一個個體

group. Right? And when we talk about "everyday", the single word without the space, is what

組。對吧？而當我們說到 "日常 "時，沒有空格的單字，是什麼？

is normal or what is common. Cool? Good. Now, we've got...

是正常的還是常見的。酷嗎？很好，現在，我們有...現在，我們已經得到了...

Oh, before I forget: problem. What's the problem here? Well, they sound the same. Okay? I did

哦，在我忘記之前：問題。這裡有什麼問題？嗯，他們的聲音是一樣的。好嗎？我做了

tell you there's a space, and that's the big thing that makes a difference, and also there's

告訴你有一個空間，這才是最大的不同，也有

a little different usage in each one. This one we're saying "every", we're talking really

每個人的用法都有點不同。這個我們說的是 "每"，我們說的是真的。

about the adjective modifying the day. In this case, it is an adjective, but it's one

關於形容詞修飾日。在這種情況下，它是一個形容詞，但它是一個

word to say normal or common for some other noun. All right? So space is a problem. Sound:

詞說正常或普通的一些其他名詞。好嗎？所以空間是個問題。聲音。

they sound the same. Look: except for the space, they look the same. And third problem:

他們的聲音是一樣的。你看：除了空格，它們看起來是一樣的。第三個問題：

they're both adjectives. Right? At least with the other one, we had something, it was a

他們都是形容詞。對吧？至少在另一個，我們有東西，這是一個。

little bit different. Right? So all three taken in toll. We're going to come back to

有點不同。對吧？所以，所有三個採取的收費。我們會回來的

them. Right? We're going to come back to "maybe", we're going to come back to "every day", and

他們。對吧？我們要回到 "也許"， 我們要回到 "每一天"，和。

we're going to hit with "studied" and "learn" in a second, and do sort of a little quiz.

我們要打與 "研究 "和 "學習 "在第二， 並做排序的小測驗。

You ready? I know you are.

你準備好了嗎？我知道你準備好了

Okay. I've got a little exercise for us, but before we go there, let's take our quick notes.

好的，我給我們準備了一個小練習，但在我們去之前，讓我們先做個小記錄。

Okay? "Study" is to memorize facts or go to school. "Learn" is to gain skill or knowledge.

好嗎？ - "學習 "是指記住事實或上學。"學習 "是記住事實或上學。"學習 "是獲得技能或知識。

"May be" is an auxiliary verb. Notice the space. Remember the space. "Maybe" together

"可能是 "是一個助動詞。注意空格。記住空格。"也許 "一起

is an adverb. Okay? "Everyday" means normal or common. And "every day" means being one

是一個副詞。好嗎？"每天 "就是正常或普通的意思而 "每天 "的意思就是

of a group. Now we've done the quick notes. Close your eyes for a second, try to remember

的一個群體。現在我們已經做了快速的筆記。閉上你的眼睛一秒鐘，嘗試記住

that. We're going to go to the board and give you a little test. You ready?

那。我們要去董事會，給你一個小測試。你準備好了嗎？

So: "Last night, instead of __________..."

那麼"昨天晚上，我沒有去_________..."

We have "memorize". Memorize, memorize, memorize. Boom.

我們有 "背"。記憶，記憶，記憶。Boom.

"...studying my English notes at home like I do __________,"

"......在家裡學習英語筆記，就像我做_________一樣"。

One of a group. One of a group. One of a group. Which one is one of a group?

一群人中的一個。一群人中的一個。一群人中的一個。哪一個是一群人中的一個？

"...every day," so be careful because you have to make sure there's a space between

"......每一天"，所以要小心，因為你必須確保有一個空間之間的。

the two words. Right? We got that space there. "...I went out with my friends."

這兩個字。對吧？我們得到了那個空間。"... ...我和我的朋友們出去了。"

Okay? Finished the first part.

好嗎？完成了第一部分。

Let's do the next one. All right? "__________ it would have been better..."

讓我們做下一個。好嗎？"如果是這樣就更好了... ..."

Perhaps. I didn't put it up here, but let's go here. Which one is perhaps? This one, right?

也許吧我沒有把它放在這裡，但讓我們去這裡。哪個是 "也許"？這個，對嗎？

Remember? So "perhaps". When we talked about this one, we talked about the modal, and we