I've been drinking out of this river for probably fifty years.

我從這條河裡喝了大概五十年的水。

What does it taste like?

它是什麼味道？

Tastes like water.

味道像水。

That's because the water here comes from one of the most

這是因為這裡的水來自於一個最古老的地方

protected places in the United States.

在美國受保護的地方。

You can't get here with a car.

你不能用車來這裡。

You can't use a boat with a motor.

你不能用有馬達的船。

We couldn't even fly our drone past this point.

我們連無人機都飛不過這個點。

These are the Boundary Waters of northern Minnesota's Superior National Forest.

這些是明尼蘇達州北部高級國家森林的邊界水域。

Thousands of pristine lakes like this one.

像這樣的原始湖泊成千上萬。

Hundreds of thousands of people come to see it every year.

每年都有數十萬人前來觀看。

You listen to the sounds of the rapids.

你聽著急流的聲音。

You watch the eagle fly overhead.

你看著老鷹從頭頂飛過。

You paddle on still waters.

你在靜止的水面上划船。

Be on your own.

要靠自己。

But there's one problem.

但有一個問題。

The Boundary Waters is just outside one of the largest

分界線水域就在最大的邊界之一的外面。

untapped sources of copper in the world.

世界上尚未開發的銅礦資源。

Under the previous administration,

在上屆政府下：

America's rich natural resources,

美國豐富的自然資源。

of which your state has a lot,

其中貴州有很多。

were put under lock and key.

被鎖上了鑰匙。

Since taking office in 2017,

自2017年上任以來。

the Trump administration has opened up more than 13 million acres

特朗普政府已經開闢了超過1300萬英畝的土地。

of public land for drilling and mining,

公共土地的鑽探和採礦；

that's more than any previous administration,

這比以往任何政府都要多。

including a part of Superior National Forest,

包括一部分高級國家森林。

right outside the Boundary Waters.

就在邊界水域外。

Copper, the mineral underneath the forest, is the

銅，是森林下的礦物，是森林中的。

wiring in our phones, the pipes in our walls.

我們電話裡的電線，牆壁上的管道。

And we also need it for electric car batteries,

而我們也需要它來做電動車電池。

and solar panels, and wind turbines.

和太陽能電池板，以及風力發電機。

We need copper,

我們需要銅。

and there aren't that many places in the world to get it.

而且世界上沒有那麼多地方可以買到它。

All this has renewed a really old and complicated question:

所有這一切都使一個真正古老而複雜的問題再次出現。

when is it worth risking the life above ground

何時才值得冒著生命危險在地面上行走

for the riches underneath?

為了下面的財富？

The US has more than 600 million acres of national parks,

美國有6億多畝的國家公園。

monuments, forests and wilderness areas.

紀念碑、森林和荒野地區；

They are the brainchild of President Theodore Roosevelt.

它們是西奧多-羅斯福總統的心血結晶。

He worried that the reckless speed logging, blast rock mining, and oil drilling that

他擔心不計後果的快速伐木、爆破岩石開採和石油鑽探，會影響人們的生活。

fueled the Industrial Revolution could ruin the country's beauty and resources

工業革命的動力可能會毀掉這個國家的美麗和資源。

for future generations.

為子孫後代服務。

So he created 150 national forests and parks, 18 national

所以他創建了150個國家森林和公園，18個國家公園。

monuments, and 51 bird sanctuaries.

紀念碑，以及51個鳥類保護區。

I mean, get up on a high mountain somewhere and

我的意思是，得到了在高山上的某個地方，並。

remember that somebody saved that so that you could have that experience and

記住，有人保存了這一點，所以你可以有這樣的經驗，並。

that's a kind of remarkable legacy.

這是一種了不起的遺產。

We call them drinking water lakes, because

我們稱它們為飲用水湖，因為

you can dip your cup right out the side of your canoe and drink straight from

你可以把你的杯子從你的獨木舟上浸出來，然後直接從那裡喝水

the lakes without even treating them or anything.

湖泊甚至沒有處理它們或任何東西。

Jason owns a business that outfits visitors for canoe trips in the

傑森擁有一家公司，為遊客提供獨木舟旅行的裝備。

Boundary Waters.

邊界水域：

They come here because what we have is so special and it's so

他們來這裡是因為我們的東西是如此的特別，它是如此的。

unique you just can't you can't have this sort of an experience anyplace else

獨特的你只是不能 你不能有這樣的經驗 任何其他地方的

in the world. To have, you know, a million acres totally undeveloped.

在世界上。有，你知道，一百萬英畝的土地完全沒有開發。

The recreation and tourism industry here is big.

這裡的康養旅遊產業很大。

it brings in about $77 million a year.

它每年帶來約7700萬美元的收入。

The problem is, that's not enough to support the entire region.

問題是，這還不足以支撐整個地區的發展。

Seasonal recreation workers typically make about twenty-five thousand dollars a year.

季節性娛樂工人的年薪一般在兩萬五千元左右。

That's less than the state's average income.

這比國家的平均收入還要低。

You're not going to be able to raise a family on $25,000 a year.

你不可能靠每年25000美元養家餬口。

You're not even going to be able to buy a house.

你連房子都買不到。

And this part of the state used to have

而這個州的這個地方曾經有

a different core industry: iron mining.

不同的核心產業：鐵礦。

We've been mining up in this area for

我們在這一帶開採了好幾年了

well over a hundred years, and so it has a big significance.

以及一百多年來，所以它的意義很大。

There are lot of second, third, fourth, generation miners that have always worked in the

有很多第二代、第三代、第四代礦工，一直在礦區工作。

mine or their family has worked in the mine.

礦或其家人曾在該礦工作。

The company that plans to build the

計劃建設的公司。

mine near the Boundary Waters, Twin Metals, has said they'll pay about $90,000

Boundary Waters附近的礦場，Twin Metals公司表示，他們將支付約9萬美元。

a year, which is well over the state's average income.

年，遠遠超過國家的平均收入。

But copper mining is also risky in ways that iron mining wasn't.

但銅礦開採的風險也是鐵礦開採所沒有的。

For the last two years, the Twin Metals company has been

近兩年來，雙金屬公司一直以

collecting samples of the rock that they

採集他們的岩石樣本

plan to mine near the Boundary Waters.

計劃在邊界水域附近開採。

This is a typical core sample, these

這是一個典型的核心樣本，這些

little blocks that you're seeing in here really establish how deep we are below

你在這裡看到的小塊 真正建立了我們在下面有多深。

ground surface.

地面。

Once we hit this, 755 feet, this is

一旦我們到達這裡，755英尺，這是

where we start seeing the minerals.

在這裡我們開始看到礦物。

The copper is locked inside this shiny part here.

銅被鎖在這個閃閃發光的部位裡面。

To get it out, you have to crush up the rock to a powder-like consistency

要想把它弄出來，就得把石頭壓碎，變成粉末狀。

copper only makes up about 1% of the sample, which means 99% of it is waste.

銅只佔樣品的1%左右，也就是說99%的銅都是廢物。

The crushed up rock is submerged in a solution that floats the copper to the top.

將破碎的岩石浸入溶液中，使銅浮到上面。

It's eventually what becomes wires, pipes, and everything else.

最終才會變成電線、管道等一切。

And the waste rock sinks. That's the risky part.

而廢石會沉下去。這就是風險的部分。

It contains toxic elements like arsenic, lead, and mercury,

它含有砷、鉛、汞等有毒元素。

which were previously trapped inside the rock.

之前被困在岩石內的。

And usually, when mining companies produce toxic waste,

而通常情況下，當礦業公司產生有毒廢物。

they store it in giant pits, like these.

他們把它儲存在巨大的坑裡，像這樣。

But those pits don't always hold up.

但這些坑不一定能撐得住。

It may be the worst environmental disaster

這可能是最嚴重的環境災難

in British Columbia's history.

在不列顛哥倫比亞省的歷史上。

3 million gallon toxic stew of heavy metals poured downstream.

300萬加侖的有毒重金屬燉肉倒入下游。

Devastation as far as the eye can see.

目光所及的破壞。

and the question that everyone here is just stunned by is how this could ever

這裡的每個人都只是震驚的問題 是，這怎麼可能永遠的

have been allowed to happen.

已被允許發生。

And even when there isn't one of these huge,

而即使沒有這些巨大的。

catastrophic spills, abandoned mines

災難性洩漏、廢棄的礦井

leak millions of gallons of waste into streams.

將數百萬加侖的廢物洩漏到溪流中。

These colors indicate heavy metal contamination that poisons

這些顏色表示重金屬汙染，毒害了我們的生活。

aquatic life and taints drinking water.

水生生物和汙染飲用水。

A lot of the economy that this region was

這個地區的很多經濟都是

based on was getting gold and silver out of these hills

是基於從這些山裡撈取金銀。

and it left of a legacy of pollution.

它留下了汙染的遺產。

The cleanup costs taxpayers millions of dollars long after mining

開採後的很長一段時間內，清理工作要花費納稅人數百萬美元。

companies take their profits and leave.

公司帶著利潤離開。

Twin metals plans to store the waste

雙子金屬計劃儲存這些廢物

from its mine right here: next to a river that ultimately leads to the Boundary Waters.

從它的礦區就在這裡：在一條最終通向邊界水域的河流旁。

And instead of storing wastewater in a pit, their plan is to dry out the

而他們的計劃不是將廢水儲存在一個坑裡，而是將廢水乾化。

waste and store it in stacks like these.

廢物，並像這樣堆放起來。

On its website, Twin Metals calls the dry

在其網站上，雙子金屬公司將幹

stack method "environmentally friendly,"

堆積法 "環保"

but to support that, they point to another dry stack mine in Alaska,

但為了證明這一點，他們指出了阿拉斯加的另一個幹堆礦。

where the verdict isn't actually that clear.

其中的判決其實並不那麼明確。

The Alaska mining company's own data show that lead contaminated dust is

阿拉斯加礦業公司自己的數據顯示，被鉛汙染的粉塵。

blowing off the dry stacks, and they've acknowledged that it could be getting into the water.

吹掉了幹堆，他們也承認可能會進水。

And in aquatic life near the mine, scientists found elevated

而在礦區附近的水生生物中，科學家們發現礦區的水生生物含量升高。

levels of arsenic, lead, and mercury.

砷、鉛和汞的含量。

Just like the Alaska mine, the Twin

就像阿拉斯加的礦場一樣，雙子星也是如此。

Metals mine would be surrounded by interconnected waterways.

金屬礦周圍將有相互連接的水道。

Any pollution would spread far beyond the initial impact site.

任何汙染都會蔓延到最初的影響地點之外。

All this is why, in 2016, the Obama administration decided the risks of

這一切就是為什麼在2016年，奧巴馬政府決定了風險。

copper mining here would be "unacceptable," and said that Twin Metals couldn't do it.

在這裡開採銅礦將是 "不可接受的"，並表示雙金屬公司不能這樣做。

But two years later, the Trump administration reversed that decision.

但兩年後，特朗普政府推翻了這一決定。

Tonight I'm proudly announcing that we will soon be taking the first steps to

今晚我很自豪地宣佈，我們很快就會邁出第一步，以實現

rescind the federal withdrawal in Superior National Forest and restore

撤銷聯邦在高級國家森林的撤軍，恢復

mineral exploration for our amazing people and miners and workers.

我們了不起的人民和礦工及工人的礦產勘探。

In the 1980s, the iron mines of northeastern Minnesota

20世紀80年代，明尼蘇達州東北部的鐵礦。

started to close.

開始關閉。

These days unemployment there

這些天的失業率

has gone as high as 90%.

已高達90%。

Of the 15,000 union men and women who work the Iron

在鐵道部工作的1.5萬名工會男女職工中，。

Range mines, more than 3,000 are laid off and hundreds more jobs are in jeopardy.

範圍礦井，3000多人失業，還有數百個工作崗位岌岌可危。

A full-scale depression forcing thousands of miners to abandon the area.

一場全面的大蕭條迫使數千名礦工放棄該地區。

When the layoffs happened in the mine,

當礦上發生裁員時。

we were all hit. Everyone was hit, day care was hit,

我們都被擊中了。每個人都被擊中，日託被擊中。

the hairdresser was hit, the grocery store was hit, not just the

理髮店被擊中，雜貨店被擊中，不只是。

people that were laid off.

被裁員的人。

That's because mining jobs tend to not stick around.

這是因為採礦業的工作往往不會堅持下去。

I actually worked in several different states in the mining industry.

實際上，我在幾個不同的州從事礦業工作。

And one of the things I noticed, when I go back to the places where I worked 20 years ago,

當我回到20年前工作過的地方時，我注意到的一件事是：

none of those communities are thriving.

這些社區沒有一個是繁榮的。

You don't build long-term prosperity on a mining industry.

你不能把長期的繁榮建立在採礦業上。

Industry and conservation have always fought over the

工業界和環保部門一直在爭奪

best use of our public lands, and the people closest to those lands often have

我們的公共土地得到了最好的利用，而最接近這些土地的人往往有機會獲得更多的資源。

differing visions for their own future.

對自己的未來有不同的憧憬。

This proposed mine

這個擬議的地雷

really puts the sustainable wilderness-edge economy, that we have going right now, at risk.

真正讓我們現在的可持續發展的荒野邊緣經濟面臨風險。

And it definitely puts businesses like mine at risk.

而這絕對會讓我這樣的企業面臨風險。

Jobs are scarce up here. Good jobs, I should say.

這裡的工作很稀缺應該說，是好工作。

Ones with benefits, where you can raise a family, put money aside for your retirement.

有福利的，可以養家餬口，為自己的退休生活存錢。

So this is a very good hope for us.

所以這對我們來說是一個非常好的希望。

For our towns, our families, our kids.

為了我們的城鎮，我們的家庭，我們的孩子。

In a speech in 1908, Teddy Roosevelt took stock of

在1908年的一次演講中，泰迪-羅斯福總結了以下幾點

America's industrial progress. "We have become great in a material sense because

美國的工業進步。"我們之所以在物質意義上變得偉大，是由於

of the lavish use of our resources," he said.

的奢侈使用我們的資源，"他說。

"But the time has come to inquire

"但現在已經到了詢問的時候

seriously what will happen when our forests are gone, when the coal, the iron,

認真會發生什麼 當我們的森林消失， 當煤，鐵，

the oil, and the gas are exhausted."

油、氣都用完了。"

More than a hundred years later,

一百多年後。

many of the most impressive human inventions,

許多最令人印象深刻的人類發明。

including those that could ultimately eliminate the need for fossil fuels,

包括那些可最終消除對化石燃料需求的項目。

still depend on resources like copper.

還是要靠銅等資源。

Resources that will run out someday.

資源，總有一天會用完。

The question isn't really whether to let companies mine for copper near the Boundary Waters.

問題其實不在於是否讓公司在邊界水域附近開採銅礦。

It's whether the short-term gains are worth changing places like this forever.

就是短期的收益是否值得永遠改變這樣的地方。