There's a very significant chapter in the long history of the Hubble Space Telescope that I had never found written up anywhere.

在哈勃太空望遠鏡漫長的歷史中，有一個非常重要的篇章，我從來沒有在任何地方發現寫過。

You could find a few scholarly tones about all the bureaucratic warfare from early 19 sixties to the mid late 19 seventies that led to Hubble actually being approved and funded by Congress and starting to get built.

你可以找到一些學者的調子，講述從1960年代初到1970年代中後期的所有官僚戰爭，導致哈勃真正得到國會的準許和資助並開始建造。

You could find a lot on the other end of the story about all the magnificent images and astronomical discoveries, but oh my God, they discovered the mirror was flawed that thank heavens they fixed it on.

你可以在故事的另一端找到很多關於所有宏偉的影像和天文發現，但天啊，他們發現鏡子有缺陷，謝天謝地，他們把它修好了。

We go to the glories pictures number that is falls but leaves a bit out about Oh, thank heavens they fixed it.

我們去榮耀圖片號，是瀑布，但留下了一點關於哦，謝天謝地，他們修復了它。

There's not a space telescope ill in any hardware story.

在任何硬件故事中，都沒有太空望遠鏡病。

Just easily go by and pick up the tools that you're going to need 300 miles above the Earth, whizzing around at 17,500 miles an hour, with the repairs being done by people who are wearing the equivalent of double snowmobile suit, triple mittens and buckets on their head.

只要輕易地經過，在地球上空300英里的地方，以每小時17500英里的速度呼嘯而過，拿起你所需要的工具，維修的人都是穿著相當於雙層雪地摩托服、戴著三層手套、頭戴水桶的人。

So somewhere along the way, in that gap that has been written about, some people need to apply an awful lot of foresight and then invention and creativity and and careful engineering, actually imagine, How do you do that?

所以在某個地方，在那個已經寫好的空白中，有些人需要應用大量的預見性，然後發明創造和仔細的工程，其實想象一下，你是怎麼做的？

And then what gear and gadgets do you actually need to go do it in orbit?

那你到底需要什麼裝備和小工具才能在軌道上做呢？

And how does that need to be adapted?

那需要如何調整呢？

Will that work and in particular the bit about making sure you actually have the gear and equipment that makes this prospect of lightness of reality?

這能行得通嗎，尤其是確保你真的有裝備和設備的那一點，讓這種輕盈的前景成為現實？

That work got done in a five year block of time.

這項工作是在五年的時間裡完成的。

From 1985 to 1990 I worked alongside those engineers, unsung engineers from the Lockheed Martin Corporation, in different parts of NASA.

從1985年到1990年，我和這些工程師一起工作，他們是洛克希德-馬丁公司的無名工程師，在NASA的不同部門工作。

They are to Hubble what the hidden figures computer ladies are to the John Lennon early Mercury story, the people whose work is absolutely indispensable to how it all came out right, but whose names have essentially never been mentioned.

他們對於哈勃來說，就像隱藏的人物電腦女郎對於約翰-列儂早期的水星故事一樣，這些人的工作對於這一切是如何正確的產生是絕對不可缺少的，但他們的名字基本上從未被提及。

And stories of how they came to be clever enough to do that never told so filling in this missing chapter of history so that people could appreciate the role that engineering foresight and inventiveness and a focus on maintenance.

而關於他們是如何聰明地做到這一點的故事，從來沒有人講過，所以填補了歷史上這一缺失的篇章，使人們能夠體會到工程上的遠見卓識和創造性以及對維護的重視所起到的作用。

Those three things play a huge role in why Hubble is the twice its lifetime success that it is.

哈勃之所以能在一生中取得兩次成功，這三件事起到了巨大的作用。

So let's actually go back six years before that to your first spaceflight.

所以，讓我們實際回到六年前，你的第一次太空飛行。

Andi, What's it like to wake up in space?

安迪，在太空中醒來是什麼感覺？

You know, most of us.

你知道，我們大多數人。

I think we're awakened, rousing about before Mission Control Center officially was allowed to start communicating with this again.

我想我們已經醒了，在任務控制中心正式被允許再次開始與此溝通之前，喚醒了約。

And you hear there's a distinctive tone that would signal the radio link opening up.

你會聽到有一個獨特的音調，這將是無線電連接打開的信號。

And then they just start some music running, kind of like your along clock waking up gracefully in the morning.

然後他們就開始播放一些音樂，有點像你的沿時鐘在早晨優雅地醒來。

And when they finished, the voice would come up the loop, usually saying something innocent like Challenger, Good morning, Houston standing by and then they leave you to go about your coffee rest of your wake up ritual.

當他們完成後，聲音會出現循環，通常說一些無辜的東西，如挑戰者，早上好，休斯頓站在旁邊，然後他們離開你去你的咖啡休息你的起床儀式。

Unless something was really very president, How does this space compare with the amount of crew space that was on the shuttle?

除非真的是很總裁的東西，否則這個空間和航天飛機上的乘員空間量相比，如何？

Oh, vastly larger.

哦，大得不得了。

The stages.

階段：

A closer comparison.

仔細對比一下。

But three stories.

但三個故事。

Three of it.

其中三個。

Two days.

兩天。

There's two decks and being on Leah maintenance, so it's a pretty intimate sort of space.

有兩個甲板，而且是在利亞維護上，所以這是一個很私密的那種空間。

Cozy, except it's not.

舒適，只不過不是。

It is two floors, but you've got a lot more room in it because you don't have to have your feet on the floor.

雖然是兩層樓，但因為不用腳踏實地，所以裡面的空間大了很多。

So if this is feeling a little crowded put you up there, right?

所以，如果覺得這裡有點擠，就把你放上去，對吧？

But you actually got to go outside, which is something that I tell us a little bit about that space.

但是實際上你要到外面去，這是我跟我們講一下那個空間的事情。

What you were working on refueling a satellite?

你在做什麼給衛星加油？

Yeah.

是啊。

The shuttle was advertised as being able to put you launch carry things in orbit, but also either retrieve them or repair them in orbit or refueled.

航天飛機被宣傳為可以把你發射攜帶的東西送入軌道，但也可以把它們收回來，或者在軌道上修理，或者加油。

Um, and so we got the assignment that was focused on Well, let's prove you can actually refuel.

嗯，所以我們得到的任務是專注於 好吧，讓我們證明你實際上可以加油。

Uh, the easy part was, Can you make to couplings that we'll go together and let liquid go back and forth?

呃，最簡單的部分是，你能不能做個接頭，讓我們一起去，讓液體來回流動？

The tricky bit was the propellant.

棘手的是推進劑。

The fuel that all satellites pretty well.

的燃料，所有衛星相當好。

All satellites maneuver with is super toxic and super explosive.

所有衛星操縱用的都是超毒超爆。

No one who owns a satellite is going to consider us a credible refueling service.

沒有一個擁有衛星的人，會認為我們是可信的加油服務。

We've never actually done refueling with this really nasty propellant.

我們從來沒有真正用這種非常討厭的推進劑進行過加油。

That's what hydrogen hydrazine.

這就是氫肼的作用。

So for one thing, if you squeeze more hydrazine into a tank, that already has some in it.

所以，首先，如果你把更多的肼擠進缸裡，那缸裡已經有了一些肼。

If you do that too quickly, you raising the pressure in the tank raises the temperature in the tank.

如果你做得太快，你提高罐內的壓力會提高罐內的溫度。

And there's a really rather low temperature that if you push hydrazine to that temperature, it will just spontaneously explode with no added help.

而且有一個非常相當低的溫度，如果你把肼推到這個溫度，它就會自爆，不需要添加任何幫助。

So you've gotta have your thermal dynamics, right?

所以你得有你的熱動力學，對吧？

And you've got to have good control over how quickly you're adding new hydrazine in.

而且你要控制好你加入新肼的速度。

In this experiment, let us do some of that thermodynamics experiments.

在這個實驗中，讓我們做一些那個熱力學實驗。

And then the other thing is because it's so toxic and so nasty.

還有一點就是因為它的毒性太大，太噁心了。

Do you really have the equipment that will let astronauts open off a fuel tank that's already got hydrazine in it?

你真的有設備可以讓太空人打開已經有肼的油箱嗎？

Put a fuel line in that also has hydrazine it and be confident they won't get contaminated on their suits or if you get contaminated and the outside the space suit your safely sealed inside.

放一條也有肼的燃料線，相信他們不會被汙染到他們的太空服上，或者如果你被汙染了，外面的太空服你安全的密封在裡面。

But you've come back into an airlock, some of that stuff on the outside.

但你已經回到了一個氣閘裡，外面的一些東西。

You re pressurize the airlock.

你要給氣閘加壓。

All the little hydrazine frost on the outside of your suit will go into vapor in the air.

你衣服外面的小肼霜都會在空氣中變成蒸汽。

I mean, about a fingernails worth of hydrazine ice.

我的意思是，大約一個指甲價值的肼冰。

If it circulated back into the shuttle's cabin, was reckoned, would at least sick and everyone and possibly be more dangerous than that the challenge was, I want you to refill the gas tank on your car without ever touching the gas tank.

如果它循環回穿梭機的機艙，估計，至少會讓大家生病，而且可能比這更危險，挑戰是，我要你在不接觸油箱的情況下，給你的車加滿油箱。

The clever engineering problem we had to solve for that was how do you make a gadget that will let you do that?

為此我們要解決的聰明的工程問題是，如何做一個能讓你做的小工具？

That's absolutely terrified.

這絕對是嚇壞了。

So you took you 3.5 hours?

所以你花了你3.5小時？

Yes.

是的，我知道

You're working with a partner?

你和夥伴一起工作？

Yes, it was.

是的，它是。

Which is quite short by spacewalk standards, actually.

實際上，以太空漫步的標準來看，時間很短。

But that was thedc on fines of our test.

但這是我們測試中的罰款DC。

And then there was a a fairly minor problem with one of the space shuttles and tenders that we need to do.

然後，有一個相當小的問題 與航天飛機和投標人 我們需要做的。

Needed to do a bit of a no adjustment to as well.

需要做一點不調整到以及。

All flights are great flights.

所有的班機都是偉大的班機。

You want to fly as soon as possible as long as possible.

你想盡快飛，越久越好。

High inclination to see as much of the earth as possible on rule number five is get a spacewalk, if you possibly can.

如果可能的話，高傾向於儘可能多地看到地球上的規則五是去太空漫步。

And only 1/4 to 1/3 of people become Ascarrunz.

而只有1/4到1/3的人成為阿斯卡倫茲。

Actually Ever end up outside on this base walk.

其實永遠在外面結束這個基地走。

I mean, to get to put on your very own body shaped spaceship.

我是說，要穿上自己的體形飛船。

Your pilot in command of your own spaceship move around in the flexibility of zero gravity, not in a water tank where you consume later pretty well.

你的飛行員在指揮自己的飛船在零重力的靈活性中移動，而不是在一個水箱中，你以後的消費很好。

But actually with the planet going by right up there on, then have always pretty fascinating, challenging and fascinating work to do.

但實際上與地球走過的權利在那裡上，然後有總是相當迷人的，具有挑戰性和迷人的工作。

It's a very coveted thing to get to do if you're the kind of people we are.

如果你是我們這樣的人，這是一件非常令人羨慕的事情。