飛翔是錯的嗎？ - 很高興你問了S1 - VoiceTube 看影片學英語

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This is me in China in 1996,

這是我1996年在中國。
on a trip to see where my family came from.

在一次旅行中，看看我的家人來自哪裡。
That trip was the first time that I rode in an airplane,

那次旅行是我第一次坐飛機。
and the first time that I got stuck in an airport.

以及我第一次被困在機場的時候。
We've been waiting here for 9 hours now!

我們已經在這裡等了9個小時了!
Air travel is one of the great privileges of living in this century.

航空旅行是本世紀生活的一大特權。
And the number of air passengers

而飛機乘客的數量
is expected to double in the next 20 years.

預計未來20年將翻一番。
There's just one problem.

只是有一個問題。
Aviation runs on oil, which contributes to global climate change.

航空業靠石油運行，而石油是造成全球氣候變化的原因之一。
And there's not a good alternative yet.

而且還沒有一個好的選擇。
So individual consumers were left wondering

於是，個別消費者不解
about their own responsibility.

關於自己的責任。
These blankets represent arctic sea ice.

這些毯子代表著北極海冰。
Alex: How many polar bears did Cleo kill?

Alex：Cleo殺了多少隻北極熊？
Shame arises when our values don't line up with our actions.

當我們的價值觀與我們的行為不一致時，就會產生羞恥感。
Oh, this is so embarrassing.

哦，這是如此尷尬。
Joss: So, knowing what we know about the climate crisis,

喬斯所以，知道我們對氣候危機的瞭解，
is it wrong to fly?

坐飛機有錯嗎？
( theme music playing )

（主題音樂播放）
Okay, I want you guys to think back on the past year of your lives

好吧，我想讓你們回想一下過去一年的生活
and remember all of the flights you took,

並記住所有你乘坐的班機。
both for work and for personal trips.

無論是工作還是私人旅行。
I have a marker for each of you.

我給你們每個人都準備了一個標記。
I want you to draw all of those flights on these maps.

我要你在這些地圖上畫出所有的班機 I want you to draw all of those flights on these maps.
- ( Alex chuckles ) - Amazing.

- 太神奇了
- Let's see. - A work trip for a story.

- 讓我看看- 工作旅行的故事。
- Cleo: DC to Detroit. - New York to New Orleans.

- Cleo:華盛頓到底特律。- 紐約到新奧爾良
So, this flight right here is a trip that I took to Ireland this year,

所以，這個班機是我今年去愛爾蘭的一次旅行。
and on the way back, we flew over the southern tip of Greenland.

在回來的路上，我們飛越了格陵蘭島的南端。
And I had the window seat.

而且我有靠窗的座位。
And when I looked out the window,

而當我看向窗外的時候。
this is what I saw.

這是我看到的。
That is a melting ice sheet.

那是一個正在融化的冰層。
It's probably something I would never see

這可能是我永遠不會看到
except for in a plane like this.

除了在這樣的飛機上。
But the plane that I was flying in is one of the reasons

但我所乘坐的飛機是其中一個理由
that that ice was melting in the first place.

那塊冰一開始就在融化。
Because air travel accounts for about 5%

因為航空旅行約佔5%
of man-made global warming in a year.

年人為造成的全球變暖。
- Cleo: Whoa. - Joss: And that impact will only increase

- Cleo:哇。 - 這種影響只會越來越大 Joss:這種影響只會增加
as more and more people in Asia to take to the skies.

隨著亞洲越來越多的人上天。
Okay, well, I have all of your flight data.

好吧，我有你所有的飛行數據。
- Alex: Yeah. - Cleo: Uh-oh.

- Cleo:克利奧：嗯，哦。
I'm going to be running some calculations on this,

我打算對此進行一些計算。
and I will be bothering you all very soon.

而我很快就會打擾你們。
- Okay. - All right.

- 好的
- Okay? All right. - All right.

- 好嗎？好吧，好吧。- 好吧，好吧。
( music playing )

（音樂播放）
Everyone flies for different reasons.

每個人飛行的原因不同。
The four of us, we took 84 flights in the past year,

我們四個人，在去年坐了84次飛機。
and almost half of those were for work.

而其中幾乎有一半是為了工作。
The best way to find out what impact that has on the climate

最好的辦法是找出這對氣候的影響。
is to use an online calculator

是使用在線計算器
that measures the carbon footprint of each flight.

衡量每次飛行的碳足跡。
( music playing )

（音樂播放）
They ask about your connections because nonstop flights

他們會問你的轉機情況，因為直達班機
typically use fuel more efficiently.

一般來說，燃料的使用效率更高。
Something like a quarter of emissions

大約四分之一的排放量
are from take off and landing alone,

是單獨從起飛和降落。
so you don't want to do that twice

所以你不會想做兩次的
if you don't have to.

如果你不需要。
They also ask whether you flew economy,

他們還會問你是否坐過經濟艙。
business class, or first class,

商務艙，或頭等艙。
because if you're taking up more space on the plane,

因為如果你在飛機上佔用了更多的空間。
you're responsible for more of the fuel use.

你要為更多的燃料使用負責。
The folks in first class

頭等艙的人
are causing about five times the emissions

造成的排放量是原來的五倍
of the economy passengers.

的經濟型旅客。
Tsk, tsk, tsk.

嘖，嘖，嘖。
So, all of our flights led up to the equivalent

所以，我們所有的飛行都是為了達到相應的目的
of 36.7 metric tons of CO2.

36.7公噸的二氧化碳。
It's kinda hard to know what that means

我不知道那是什麼意思。
because CO2 is invisible.

因為二氧化碳是看不見的。
But there was a report published that shows us

但有一份報告公佈，讓我們看到
how we can translate our CO2 emissions

我們如何將我們的二氧化碳排放量轉化為
into actual square meters of melted arctic sea ice.

成實際的北極海冰融化面積。
What we find, I mean, that basically the observed sea ice loss

我們發現，我的意思是，基本上觀察到的海冰損失量
is very linearly related

是非常線性的關係
to how much CO2 we keep adding to the atmosphere,

到多少二氧化碳，我們繼續添加到大氣中。
such that for about, um, every metric ton of CO2

以至於每一噸二氧化碳
we add to the atmosphere,

我們增加了氣氛。
we melt another three square meters of sea ice.

我們再融化三平方米的海冰。
You know, whenever I fly from London to New York City, for example,

比如說，每當我從倫敦飛到紐約市的時候。
that's equivalent to about a metric ton of CO2.

這相當於大約一公噸的二氧化碳。
So then I would melt about three square meters every time I flew.

所以那時我每次飛行都會融化三平方米左右。
So, basically, the size of a large dinner table, I guess.

所以，基本上是一個大餐桌的大小吧。
Where's Joss?

喬斯在哪裡？
Here's Alex's.

這是亞歷克斯的。
Where are we going?

我們要去哪裡？
I have no idea.

我不知道。
Do you guys know where we're going?

你們知道我們要去哪裡嗎？
- No. - I have a pretty good guess.

- 我有一個很好的猜測。
I heard a lot of talk about blankets.

我聽到很多關於毯子的議論。
- Yeah, yeah, yeah. - Like picnic blankets?

- 是啊，是啊，是啊。- 像野餐毯？
- Mm. - Is there food there, is what I'm wondering.

- 我想知道，那裡有食物嗎？- 那裡有食物嗎，我想知道的是。
Christophe: I don't think there is gonna be food.

克里斯托弗我不認為會有食物。
No?

沒有嗎？
Welcome to the park.

歡迎來到公園。
How long have you been here?

你在這裡多久了？
I spent the night here.

我在這裡過夜。
- Oh, nice. - Oh, no.

- 哦，不錯。- 哦，不
- Not really. - At least you have blankets.

- 不盡然- 至少你有毯子。
Yeah.

是啊。
You ready to have some fun?

你準備好去玩了嗎？
Uh, y-- I think so.

呃，是... 我想是的。
Okay, so, this morning

好吧，所以，今天早上
we're gonna be using our imagination.

我們要用我們的想象力。
So, these blankets are arctic sea ice.

所以，這些毯子是北極海冰。
And of course they're just blankets

當然，他們只是毯子
that we're gonna be donating to Providence House

我們將捐贈給普羅維登斯之家
here in Brooklyn when we're done.

在布魯克林這裡，當我們完成。
- Nice. - But for now they're sea ice.

- 不錯啊- 但現在他們是海冰。
And arctic sea ice, of course,

當然，還有北極的海冰。
has been melting due to man-made global warming.

由於人為的全球變暖，已經在融化。
So, we'll start over here.

所以，我們會從這裡開始。
If you have meat in your diet for a year in the U.S.,

如果你在美國一年的飲食中都有肉。
you melt this much sea ice.

你融化了這麼多海冰
Alex: Oh, my God.

哦，我的上帝。
And that is actually the square footage.

而這其實就是面積。
- Exactly, yes. - Wow.

- 沒錯，是的。- 哇哦
If you drive a car for a year in the U.S.,

如果你在美國開了一年的車。
Alex, you melt this much sea ice.

亞歷克斯，你融化了這麼多海冰。
- Should I roll this? - Yeah.

- 我應該捲起這個嗎？- 要
Okay.

好吧，我知道了
Oh, this is shameful.

哦，這是可恥的。
Whoa.

哇。
What kind of car do you drive?

你開的是什麼車？
I drive a Nissan Silvia.

我開的是日產Silvia。
Oh, that's devastating.

哦，那是毀滅性的。
You probably drive less than the average American.

你可能比一般美國人開得少。
Yeah, but it only gets, like, 16 miles to the gallon.

是的，但它只能得到，像，16英里的加侖。
Not great.

不是很好。
And this is the ice that melts

這就是融化的冰
from the average American's air travel in a year.

從美國人一年的平均航空旅行。
And that doesn't seem like a lot

而這似乎並不像很多
because it's the equivalent of just one round trip

因為只相當於一個來回。
between New York and California.

紐約和加州之間。
But that generates the same emissions

但這也會產生同樣的排放
as around four months of driving.

作為四個月左右的駕駛。
But, of course, the four of us,

不過，當然，我們四個人。
we are not the average flyer.

我們不是一般的飛行者。
Oh, no.

哦，不
So, we're gonna go over there now.

所以，我們現在要去那裡。
- Oof. - Ours are gonna be huge.

- Oof.- 我們的會是巨大的。
- Uh-oh. - ( chuckles )

- 嗯，哦。- （笑）
- I think I see my pile. - Yeah, same.

- 我想我看到我的那堆東西了- 是的，同樣的。
Okay, we're gonna start with this one.

好吧，我們要從這個開始。
You guys want to help me fold it out?

你們要不要幫我把它折出來？
- Yeah. - Let's just start with half.

- 是的，我們先從一半開始。
This way, and then it goes...

這邊，然後就... ...
- Christophe: Oh, my God. - Alex: Ooh, wow.

- 克里斯托夫Oh, my God.- 哦，哇。
I was gonna say it's like the car, but this is--

我本來想說它就像那輛車，但這是... ...
- This is yours? - Joss: This is mine.

- 這是你的嗎？- 喬絲這是我的
- What? - Whoa.

- 什麼？- 哇。
Oh, no.

哦，不
But this isn't even, like-- this is just you flying.

但這甚至不是，比如... ... 這只是你在飛。
- This isn't even you as an individual with-- - In a year. Right.

- 這甚至不是你作為一個個體的...一年後
Okay, now let's go over and check this one out.

好了，現在我們過去看看這個。
- It's Alex. - Alex!

- 我是亞歷克斯- 亞歷克斯！
- Yeah, that's me. - Joss: You did pretty good.

- 是的，這就是我。- 喬絲你做得很好。
Still more than the average American, though, right?

不過還是比一般美國人多吧？
Still more than the average American.

還是比一般美國人多。
Yeah, I'm like two Americans.

是啊，我就像兩個美國人。
Still not good.

還是不好。
- Okay, big boy. - Who could this be?

- 好吧，大男孩。- 會是誰呢？
Oh, no!

哦，不！
Oh, this is so embarrassing.

哦，這是如此尷尬。
- Cleo: Whee! - This just keeps going.

- Cleo:Whee!- 這只是繼續下去。
Well, I feel terrible.

嗯，我感覺很糟糕。
- Okay, let's do the last one. - ( Cleo groans )

- 好吧，讓我們做最後一個。- （Cleo呻吟）
I like how the number of times it has to be folded...

我喜歡它的摺疊次數... ...
- Tells you a lot. Right. - ...kind of gives us an idea.

- 告訴你很多。是的，是的...- ...給我們一個想法。
Cleo: Oh, my God.

克萊奧哦，我的上帝。
Alex: It's like a small whale.

亞歷克斯：它就像一條小鯨魚。
Christophe: Oh, no.

克里斯托弗。Oh, no.
Cleo: It's like a big whale.

克萊奧這就像一條大鯨魚。
- Well, it's a lot of ice. - It's a lot of ice.

- 嗯，這是一個很大的冰。- 這是一個很大的冰。
Joss: But it's not really about any individual.

喬絲但這不是真的關於任何一個人
I mean...

我的意思是...
Like, you flew all over the place for work this year.

就像，你今年為了工作到處飛。
- It is mostly work. - Yeah.

- 這主要是工作。- 對啊
- But still. - Maybe something for Vox to think about.

- 但還是有的- 也許Vox應該考慮一下。
Christophe: Yeah.

克里斯托夫Christophe: Yeah.
( music playing )

（音樂播放）
Oh, it's so heavy.

哦，它是如此沉重。
Yeah.

是啊。
Oh, my bad. ( laughs )

哦，我的壞。（笑）
Joss: So, altogether, we flew

喬斯所以，我們一共飛了
on 84 airplanes in the past year.

在過去的一年裡，84架飛機上。
- Alex: 84 separate airplanes? - Joss: 84 separate airplanes.

- 亞歷克斯：84架獨立的飛機？ - 喬斯：84架單獨的飛機。
Do you guys know how many flights there are

你們知道有多少班機嗎？
in a year around the world?

在全球範圍內，一年內?
- Oh, hundreds of thousands? - In a year?

- 哦，幾十萬？- 一年內？
There are 35 million flights around the world in a year.

全世界一年有3500萬次班機。
Christophe: 35 million.

克里斯托夫：3500萬。
Which is almost 100,000 every single day.

也就是每天差不多10萬。
Huh.

咦。
- So, let's go sit down over here. - Alex: Yeah.

- 所以，讓我們去坐在這裡。- 亞歷克斯：是啊。
Joss: And what's interesting about that

喬絲有什麼有趣的地方
is that all those flights are being taken

是，所有這些班機都被採取
by a minority of the world's population.

由世界上少數人承擔。
- Mm-hmm. - So, by some estimates,

- 嗯哼- 所以，根據一些估計，
only 20% of humans have ever flown on an airplane.

只有20%的人類坐過飛機。
- Cleo: Whoa. - Wow.

- 克萊奧哇。- 哇哦
And even within the U.S., only about half of Americans

而即使在美國國內，也只有約一半的美國人。
fly in a given year.

在特定的一年裡，飛。
It's about 12% of adults in the U.S.

這在美國成年人中約佔12%。
that are taking 70% of the flights. People like us.

佔據了70%的班機。像我們這樣的人。
And that's where it gets into the big ethical issue with climate change,

這就涉及到了氣候變化的倫理大問題。
is that the people who have used the most fossil fuels

是誰使用了最多的化石燃料的人。
generally have more resources

一般來說，資源較多
to deal with the impacts of climate change.

應對氣候變化的影響；
So we're talking about stronger storms,

所以我們說的是更強的風暴。
more floods, more droughts, deadly heat waves.

更多的洪水，更多的乾旱，致命的熱浪。
It's really the world's poor

真的是世界上最窮的人
who are the most vulnerable,

誰是最脆弱的人；
and in most cases, we're talking about people

而在大多數情況下，我們說的是人。
who have never seen the inside of an airplane.

從未見過飛機內部的人。
And some people are taking this so seriously

而有些人卻把這件事看得那麼重
that they're completely changing the way they travel.

他們正在徹底改變他們的出行方式。
Is this 16-year-old young lady

這個16歲的小姐是不是
now the leader of the climate change movement?

現在是氣候變化運動的領導者？
Anchor #2: She is definitely the face.

主播2：她絕對是顏值擔當。
Anchor: And she's given a big push

錨。她給了一個很大的推動力
to the flight shaming movement.

到飛行恥辱運動。
That is you're called out, you're shamed if you fly.

那就是你被罵了，你飛了就丟人了。
So, Joss asked me to go see Greta Thunberg arrive in New York City.

所以，喬斯讓我去看葛麗泰-桑伯格抵達紐約市。
She's been sailing across the Atlantic

她一直在橫渡大西洋
for the last two weeks, I think.

在過去的兩個星期裡，我想。
Her trip is a part of a larger movement called "flygskam,"

她的旅行是一個更大的運動 "flygskam "的一部分。
which is Swedish for "flying shame."

這在瑞典語中是 "飛來橫禍 "的意思。
And, honestly, it's kind of working.

而且，說實話，這是一種工作。
In Sweden and other parts of Europe,

在瑞典和歐洲其他地區。
people are starting to brag on social media

人們開始在社交媒體上炫耀
about traveling by train instead of by plane.

關於坐火車而不是坐飛機。
And the data shows that in Swedish airports,

而數據顯示，在瑞典機場。
passenger counts are down as well.

乘客數量也在下降。
Cleo: You look great.

克萊奧你看起來棒極了。
That diagonal sail, that's her.

那個對角線的帆，就是她。
( crowd chanting ) Greta! Greta! Greta!

（人群誦讀）格麗塔！Greta! Greta!Greta！
And she's about to set foot on land for the first time.

而她即將第一次踏上陸地。
( crowd cheering )

（人群歡呼）
Greta Thunberg: Well, all of this is very overwhelming,

Greta Thunberg好吧，所有這些都是非常壓倒性的。
and the ground is still shaking for me.

而我的地還在顫抖。
- ( Skype rings ) - Hey.

- 嘿。
- Hey, Joss. - So, Umair.

- 嘿，喬斯- 那麼，烏梅爾
You've been following the flight shame movement

你一直在關注飛行恥辱運動。
as it's been developing this year.

由於今年的發展。
What are some of the critiques

有哪些責備意見
of the shaming approach?

的羞辱方法？
Well, in order to solve climate change,

那麼，為了解決氣候變化。
a massive global problem,

一個巨大的全球問題。
you really need to be taking big bites of the apple.

你真的需要採取大口的蘋果。
And the critique here is that focusing

而這裡的責備是，重點
on what individuals do

關於個人所做的事情
kind of deflects the responsibility

算是推卸責任
from the institutional actors

體制行為者的意見
that really need to be making these changes.

真正需要做出這些改變的。
And when it comes to Greta specifically,

而具體到葛麗泰的時候。
she's obviously very famous for avoiding flying,

她顯然是非常著名的避免飛行。
but her message is a lot broader than that, isn't that right?

但她的資訊比這更廣泛，不是嗎？
- Oh, absolutely. - My message is that we'll be watching you.

- 哦，當然。- 我的資訊是，我們會看著你。
The eyes of all future generations are upon you.

子孫後代的眼睛都在看著你。
And if you choose to fail us,

如果你選擇讓我們失望。
I say we will never forgive you.

我說我們永遠不會原諒你。
She does shame grown-ups, but not about their flying,

她確實羞辱了大人，但不羞辱他們的飛行。
but about their inaction,

但關於他們的不作為。
and I think if you are gonna shame people,

我覺得如果你要羞辱別人，
that might be the way to do it.

這可能是做它的方式。
So, this is awkward.

所以，這就很尷尬了。
In order to finish this story,

為了完成這個故事。
we are taking a plane to California--

我們要坐飛機去加州
a Boeing 737, which burns through

一架波音737型飛機，它燒過了
about 700 gallons of jet fuel every hour.

每小時約700加侖的噴氣燃料。
- Not great. - Pilot: Welcome aboard.

- 不大。- 飛行員。歡迎登機。
- Should be a nice day for flying. Thank you. - ( chimes )

- 今天應該是個飛行的好日子謝謝你的幫助- ( 鈴鐺聲 )
So, we logged onto a site called myclimate.org

於是，我們登錄了一個叫myclimate.org的網站。
that's a nonprofit organization that helps you

這是一個非營利組織，幫助你
calculate and offset your carbon footprint.

計算和抵消您的碳足跡。
So we send them money,

所以我們給他們寄錢。
and they will be sending it to Kenya

他們會把它送到肯亞
to help provide more efficient cook stoves

以幫助提供更高效的爐灶
for households that would otherwise be using open fires to make their food.

為那些本來要用明火做飯的家庭提供服務；
I don't think that offsets our solution to climate change,

我不認為這能抵消我們對氣候變化的解決方案。
but it's a good way of acknowledging

但這也是一種很好的方式，以確認
that our consumer choices

我們的消費選擇
have impacts around the world,

在世界各地產生影響。
and our investments and donations can have impacts, too.

而我們的投資和捐贈也能產生影響。
Can you see it?

你能看到它嗎？
That's the Pipistrel ALPHA Electro.

那是Pipistrel ALPHA Electro。
They're adorable. I mean, I just want to put

他們是可愛的。我的意思是，我只是想把
little googly eyes on the front of that thing.

那東西的前面有一雙小眼睛。
It's the world's first production electric airplane.

這是世界上第一架生產型電動飛機。
And I'm here in Fresno to talk to Joseph Oldham,

我現在在弗雷斯諾和約瑟夫-奧德漢姆談話。
who is a veteran pilot who played a big role

叱吒風雲的老飛行員
in bringing these planes to California

將這些飛機運到加州
in order to start the country's

為了啟動國家的
first electric flight training program.

第一個電動飛行訓練計劃。
Pretty amazing project.

相當驚人的項目。
We ran emission calculations

我們進行了排放計算
on the reduction in greenhouse gases

減少溫室氣體的影響
from just these four little aircraft

就從這四架小飛機
operating in flight training operations for a year.

從事飛行訓練業務一年。
And it's like reducing carbon emissions by 92 tons,

而這就像減少了92噸的碳排放。
which is pretty significant

頗具意義
- for four little airplanes, right? - Mm-hmm.

- 四架小飛機，對嗎？- 嗯哼。
This right here is the motor.

這個就是馬達
- Just this right here? - That.

- 就在這裡？- 就是這個
- Just that. - Wow, it's like three inches.

- 就是這樣。- 哇，就像三英寸。
Yeah, it's-- it's very small.

是啊，這是 - 這是非常小的。
And then these are the battery packs.

然後這些是電池組。
There's two of these.

有兩個這樣的。
There's one up here in this front compartment,

有一個在這裡在這個前艙。
and then there's a second compartment behind the pilot.

然後在飛行員後面還有第二個隔間。
Joss: So, to charge up, so you have an hour of charge, you said it was $5?

喬斯所以，要充電，所以你有一個小時的充電，你說這是5美元？
- Joseph: Four. - Joss: $4 to charge this airplane.

- 約瑟夫四塊錢 - 喬斯：4塊錢收這架飛機。
Joseph: Yeah, and that's at 25 cent a kilowatt hour.

約瑟夫：是的，而且是每千瓦時25美分。
But you go to some places like Seattle,

但你去一些地方，比如西雅圖。
they get all their power from hydro,

他們的電力都來自於水電。
and it's six, seven cents a kilowatt hour.

而它的六，七美分一千瓦時。
( distant plane humming )

（遙遠的飛機嗡嗡聲）
That's not an electric plane, is it?

那不是電動飛機吧？
No, it's not an electric plane, no.

不，這不是電動飛機，不是。
- It's a pretty comfortable seat. - Joseph: It is.

- 這是個很舒服的座位。- 約瑟夫：是的。
Now we're basically ready to go.

現在我們基本上已經準備好了。
- So, the plane is on now? - Yes, the plane is on now.

- 所以，飛機現在開動了？- 是的，飛機已經啟動了
Oh, my gosh, it's so quiet.

哦，我的天哪，它是如此的安靜。
- What's up? - I have to run along side you guys.

- 什麼事？- 我得跟你們一起跑。
- You have to? - 'Cause the wireless range.

- 你一定要這樣做嗎？- 因為無線範圍。
- Oh, it doesn't go that far. - No, not that far.

- 哦，它不走那麼遠。- 不，沒有那麼遠。
Can you just go, like, half that speed?

你能用一半的速度嗎？
Okay. Sorry about that.

好吧，對不起
Okay.

好吧，我知道了
That was fun.

這很有趣。
For us. Not so much for you, huh?

對我們來說是這樣對你來說就不是了，嗯？
- Got some exercise? - Yeah.

- 有運動嗎？- 有啊
Joseph: Okay, loud and clear over here.

約瑟夫好吧，大聲和清晰的在這裡。
Very good.

非常好
( Joss gasps ) There he goes.

（喬斯喘氣）他去那裡。
Wow, that was quick.

哇，這是快。
Joss: And besides the reduction in emissions,

喬斯除了減少排放之外
what are some other benefits of having an electric motor

電動機還有哪些好處？
in an airplane?

在飛機上？
And what do you think is the main factor

你認為主要因素是什麼？
holding back sort of the improvement in the batteries

阻礙了電池的改進
so that we can get these into bigger planes?

這樣我們就能把這些東西裝到更大的飛機上？
There he goes. Right there.

在那裡，他去。就在那裡。
So cool.

好酷啊
Nice and easy.

很好，很容易。
- Hey. - Hey, how's it-- oh, is that a plane?

- 嘿嘿，那是一架飛機嗎？
So, I got to go to California for this story

所以，我得去加州寫這個故事。
'cause we're looking into the future of flying,

因為我們正在研究飛行的未來。
and what I got to see there was an electric airplane.

而我在那裡看到的是一架電動飛機。
It's just a small two-seater plane that can fly for about 80 minutes.

這只是一架小型的雙座飛機，可以飛行80分鐘左右。
- Cool. - But that's on batteries alone.

- 爽啊- 但那是單靠電池。
- Oh, wow. - Yeah.

- 哦，哇。- 是啊。
- No fuel? - No fuel, just--

- 沒有燃料？ - 沒有燃料，只是...
- That's great. - Yeah, electricity.

- 那很好- 是啊，電。
And those batteries weigh this much.

而這些電池有這麼重。
Can you lift this?

你能舉起這個嗎？
( chuckles ) I-- I can't lift it.

我... ... 我提不動它。
Oof.

哦
They're heavy, right?

它們很重，對嗎？
Yeah, they're 25-pound plates.

是的，他們是25磅的板子。
What are you gonna do with these after?

你打算怎麼處理這些東西？
- We're gonna return them. - Oh, thanks.

- 我們要把它們退回去。- 哦，謝謝。
So, this weighs 106 kilograms,

所以，這個重達106公斤。
which is 230 pounds.

這是230磅。
- Metric system. I like it. - Yes.

- 公制。我喜歡它。- 是的，我喜歡
And to fly the same distance

而且要飛同樣的距離
in a gasoline-powered version of that plane...

在汽油機的版本，該機...
- Mm-hmm. - ...the fuel weighs just this much.

- Mm -hmm.- ...燃料就這麼重。
- Whoa. - So, when people say that fossil fuels

- 所以，當人們說化石燃料- 所以當人們說化石燃料 So, when people say that fossil fuels
are really energy dense, this is what they're talking about.

是真正的能量密度，這就是他們所說的。
- Hmm. - So, this difference

- 嗯。- 所以，這種差異
becomes really challenging when you move to bigger planes.

當你移動到更大的飛機上時，就變得非常具有挑戰性。
Yeah, I bet. Oh, that one's huge.

是的，我打賭。哦，那一個是巨大的。
( laughs ) This is a Boeing 737,

( 笑 ) 這是一架波音737。
which is the kind of plane I took to get to California.

我就是坐這種飛機去加州的。
- Cool. - And that trip burned about this much jet fuel,

- 爽啊- 那次旅行消耗了大約這麼多噴氣式燃料。
which is made out of kerosene, it's a fossil fuel.

它是由煤油製成的，它是一種化石燃料。
The same amount of energy in batteries

電池中同樣的能量
would take up this much space.

會佔用這麼大的空間。
Ah, you couldn't even fit that on there.

啊，你連這個都放不進去。
I know, look at the people compared to the battery.

我知道，相比看人與電池。
- It's gigantic. - Yeah.

- 這是巨大的。- 對啊
And this battery would weigh

而這個電池的重量
at least 20 times more than the liquid fuel.

至少是液體燃料的20倍。
And seven times more than the airplane itself.

而且是飛機本身的七倍。
Yeah, and for the jet fuel, it's going to burn off,

是啊，對於噴氣式燃料，它要燒掉。
but for the batteries, they're going to stay

但對於電池來說，他們將保持。
the same weight the entire flight.

整個飛行過程中都保持同樣的重量。
Right, it doesn't get lighter during the flight

對，在飛行過程中，它不會變輕
like the liquid fuel does.

像液體燃料一樣。
So, the good news is that batteries are getting better.

所以，好消息是，電池的性能越來越好。
- Nice. - Between 2008 and 2015,

- 很好。- 2008年到2015年之間。
the energy density of batteries nearly doubled,

電池的能量密度幾乎增加了一倍。
and experts predict that, in about 30 years,

和專家預測，大約30年後，。
this plane could fly electric from New York to Chicago.

這架飛機可以從紐約飛到芝加哥的電動飛機。
Wow.

哇哦
But there's a problem.

但是有一個問題。
Oh, no.

哦，不
80% of emissions from airplanes

飛機排放的80%
come from flights that are longer than that.

來自於比這更長的班機。
Aw, that sucks.

哦，那很爛。
Is there anyone working on what's going

有沒有人在研究什麼？
to happen in the future?

將來會發生什麼？
Is there a super battery coming up

是否有超級電池的出現
that's going to just change the way we utilize this energy?

這將只是改變我們利用這種能量的方式？
The battery that's sort of en vogue right now

現在比較流行的電池。
is your lithium ion battery.

是你的鋰離子電池。
It's what's in electric cars,

就是電動車裡的東西。
it's what's in all of our cell phones.

這就是我們所有手機裡的東西。
But some researchers are looking into completely different chemistries.

但一些研究人員正在研究完全不同的化學成分。
So, whether it's electric planes or hybrids or biofuels,

所以，不管是電動飛機還是混合動力車，或者是生物燃料。
it's just gonna be some time before we can engineer away these emissions.

這只是要去一段時間之前，我們可以工程走這些排放。
And that's because our industries were built

那是因為我們的工業是建立在
on energy dense fuels that had been

的高能燃料，而這些燃料已經
locked underground for millions of years.

鎖在地下數百萬年。
( imitates plane flying )

（模仿飛機飛行）
So, is it wrong to fly?

那麼，坐飛機有錯嗎？
The short answer, from my perspective, is no.

從我的角度來看，簡短的答案是否定的。
We need mobility. We have to have mobility.

我們需要流動性。我們必須有流動性。
But we need to find ways of doing it

但我們要想辦法做到這一點
without emitting more carbon emissions.

在不排放更多碳排放的情況下。
Joss: Climate change implicates us all

喬斯：氣候變化牽連到我們所有人
in a planet-sized injustice.

在一個星球大小的冤案中。
If I fly, if I drive, if I heat or cool my home,

如果我坐飛機，如果我開車，如果我加熱或冷卻我的家。
if I buy stuff, if I eat stuff,

如果我買東西，如果我吃東西，
all of this now has a cost that I'm not paying.

所有這些現在都有一個成本，我不支付。
But what's more shameful than participating

但有什麼比參與更可恥的呢？
in a world that was built for fossil fuels

在這個為化石燃料而生的世界裡。
is doing nothing to help bring about a world that isn't.

是無助於帶來一個不是的世界。
You know, start thinking about what kinds of decisions

你知道，開始思考什麼樣的決定。
you're making for your society around you.

你正在為你周圍的社會做。
You know, should we invest more in trains

你知道，我們是否應該投資更多的火車。
or should we create more charging infrastructure for electric cars?

或者我們應該為電動汽車建立更多的充電基礎設施？
Joss: The candidates you support at a local or national level,

喬斯，你在地方或國家層面支持的候選人你在地方或國家層面支持的候選人。
the infrastructure that you're willing to pay for.

你願意支付的基礎設施。
I would say we can be judicious about how we fly.

我想說的是，我們可以對自己的飛行方式進行判斷。
Try to look for more direct flights,

儘量尋找更多的直達班機。
try to minimize stopovers,

儘量減少中途停留。
and certainly rethink flying unnecessarily

矯枉過正
for things that we could easily replace with Skype meetings,

的事情，我們可以很容易地用Skype會議來代替。
as we're doing right now.

就像我們現在做的一樣。
Joss: We're not going to solve climate change

喬斯我們解決不了氣候變化問題
by staying on the ground.

由留在地面上。
But if I'm not part of the solution,

但如果我不是解決方案的一部分。
then I'm only part of the problem.

那麼我只是問題的一部分。
And, yeah, that's wrong.

而且，是的，這是錯的。
To see more episodes of our show,

要看更多的劇集，我們的節目。
click here to the right.

點擊這裡的右邊。
And for more great learning content from YouTube,

而對於更多來自YouTube的優秀學習內容。
click here on the bottom right.

點擊這裡的右下角。
Thanks for watching.

謝謝你的觀看。