Name: 你的學習是錯誤的--這就是為什麼。
Uploaded: 2020-08-09T19:41:33.000Z
Duration: 11 min 5 s

情態助動詞 B1

If you're not getting the grades you want in school, you may think it's because you're not putting in enough effort.

如果你在學校裡沒有得到你想要的成績，你可能會認為這是因為你沒有付出足夠的努力。

After all, working harder should yield better results, right?

畢竟，努力工作應該會有更好的結果，對嗎？

情態副詞

For many students, the issue isn't actually a lack of effort.

對於很多學生來說，問題其實並不是不努力。

Rather, it's the way most pre-med and medical students study that is highly ineffective

而是大多數醫學預科生和醫學生的學習方式，效果極差

We'll separate fact from fiction, explore the scientific research, and give you actionable

我們將把事實與虛構分開，探索科學研究，並給你提供可操作性的

As an MCAT and USMLE tutor, I've seen first-hand how impactful it can be for a student to make

作為MCAT和USMLE的導師，我親眼目睹了對一個學生的影響有多大。

the switch from commonly-used, ineffective study methods to evidence-based, effective

從常用的、無效的研究方法轉向基於證據的、有效的研究方法；

Ultimately, you've probably heard others suggest

最終，你可能聽過別人的建議。

a variety of study methods, some of which are contradictory to one another.

各種各樣的學習方法，其中有些方法是相互矛盾的。

For that reason, it's important to practice some judgment and critical thinking of your

是以，練習一些判斷力和批判性思維是很重要的。

First, is the information I'm receiving backed by evidence?

首先，我收到的資訊是否有證據支持？

That being said, not all evidence is created equal, and I've even gone over how you can

這就是說，不是所有的證據都是一樣的，我甚至已經介紹了你如何能夠

assess the strength of a research study in a previous video.

Additionally, not every question you have has been addressed with sound scientific research.

另外，並不是你的每一個問題都有合理的科學研究來解決。

So if your question isn't adequately addressed by the scientific research, you'll need

所以，如果你的問題沒有被科學研究充分解決，你就需要

Which bring us to the second point: credentials.

I don't mean the person needs a PhD or an MD after their name, although that certainly

我並不是說這個人需要在名字後面加上一個博士或醫學博士，雖然那肯定是

If the person giving advice wasn't able to achieve the results themselves that they

如果提供建議的人不能達到他們自己的結果，他們

are promising you, then where is their authority on the matter?

是答應你的，那麼他們的權威在哪裡呢？

I personally scored in the 99.9th percentile on my MCAT, or the 100th percentile for the

我個人的MCAT考試成績在99.9%，或者說是100分。

statistically illiterate, and I hit the high 260s on my USMLE.

統計學上的文盲，而我在美國醫學考試中達到了260分的高分。

And third, what is the potential upside and downside from following the advice?

第三，聽從建議的潛在利好和利空是什麼？

I'm unlikely to eat mysterious foods or take radical supplements because there is

我不可能吃神祕的食物或吃激進的補品，因為有。

potentially a large downside with relatively limited upside.

潛在的下行空間較大，而上升空間相對有限。

However, I'm more willing to experiment with my own study methods or productivity

不過，我更願意用自己的學習方法或生產力來做實驗。

strategies since the downside would be relatively limited.

策略，因為下行空間會相對有限。

That being said, I wouldn't start a new sleep routine just one week before my MCAT,

也就是說，我不會在MCAT前一週才開始新的睡眠程序。

In investing, we call this phenomenon asymmetric risk – you want to take risks when the potential

在投資中，我們把這種現象稱為不對稱風險--你想承擔風險時，潛在的

upside or gain is significantly larger than the potential downside or loss.

漲幅或收益明顯大於潛在的跌幅或損失。

Knowing that, let's dive into the five most common mistakes students make while studying.

知道了這些，我們就來深入瞭解一下學生在學習時最容易犯的五個錯誤。

The first mistake is misunderstanding the utility and balance of comprehension and memorization.

第一個錯誤是誤解了理解和記憶的效用和平衡。

Recently, there seems to be an attack on memorization, with the idea that comprehension and understanding

最近，似乎有人在攻擊記憶力，認為理解力和理解力

This is idiotic advice that does more harm than good.

Like most things in life, the truth is somewhere in the middle.

就像生活中的大多數事情一樣，真相就在中間。

In certain subjects, particularly medicine, memorization actually becomes increasingly

在某些科目中，尤其是醫學，記憶力其實會變得越來越

Comprehension and memorization are not an either-or proposition.

理解和記憶不是一個非此即彼的命題。

You need to use both in harmony to ultimately get the best grades and be the best doctor.

你需要將兩者協調使用，最終獲得最好的成績，成為最好的醫生。

On one end of the spectrum, you have students who try to create flashcards and memorize

在光譜的一端，你有學生誰試圖創建閃存卡，並記憶

These students need to focus more on creating a mental scaffolding of comprehension before

這些學生在理解之前，更需要注重建立理解的心理腳手架。

On the other end of the spectrum, self proclaimed study experts say memorizing is bad and not

在另一端，自稱學習專家的人說，背書不好，也不

to use flashcards, pushing a silly agenda that by simply understanding the concepts

使用閃存卡，推動一個愚蠢的議程，通過簡單地理解概念

deeply, you'll never have to memorize a fact again.

深深地，你就再也不用去背一個事實了。

That's a load of bull honkey and more marketing ploy than substance.

那是一堆牛逼的本錢，營銷手段多於實質。

Sure, in cardiology, having an understanding of pressure-volume loops and basic fluid dynamics

當然，在心臟病學中，對壓力-體積循環和基本的流體動力學有所瞭解。

is foundational, and trying to memorize these relationships rather than understand them

是基礎性的，試圖記住這些關係而不是理解它們

This is why so many students find cardiology particularly challenging – it's heavy

這就是為什麼很多學生覺得心臟病學特別有挑戰性的原因--它的重

On the other end of the spectrum, anatomy is heavy on memorization.

Understanding the relation and functions of different body parts helps in memorizing important

瞭解不同身體部位的關係和功能，有助於記憶重要的內容。

information, but at the end of the day, using a mnemonic device to memorize the branches

資訊，但在一天結束時，使用記憶設備來記憶分支

of the external carotid will take you much farther than simply trying to understand it.

頸外動脈的，會讓你比單純的去了解它走得更遠。

Prior to starting plastic surgery residency, I spent a year teaching anatomy to first and

在開始做整形外科住院醫師之前，我花了一年的時間教授解剖學，給初一和初二的學生。

I also spent considerable time tutoring students for both USMLE Step 1 and Step 2.

我還花了相當多的時間輔導學生進行USMLE Step 1和Step 2的學習。

I found that different students require different approaches, as do different subjects.

我發現，不同的學生需要不同的方法，不同的學科也是如此。

For anatomy, students benefited most from learning memory tricks and mnemonics.

對於解剖學，學生受益最大的是學會了記憶技巧和口訣。

Comprehension could only take them so far.

For students struggling with renal or cardiology, we had to focus more on comprehension, as

對於腎病學或心病學有困難的學生，我們要更加註重理解，因為。

memorizing facts without a solid foundation has little utility.

記憶事實，沒有紮實的基礎，沒有什麼用處。

I've covered additional details in how to balance memorization and comprehension in

在如何平衡記憶和理解的問題上，我已經做了更多的詳細介紹。

Now I'm guilty of this next one. Back in college, I often studied by re-reading my notes, which is terribly inefficient.

現在我就犯了下一個毛病。上大學的時候，我經常通過重讀筆記來學習，效率非常低。

By re-reading notes or re-listening to a lecture, you're spending most of the time hearing

通過重讀筆記或重新聽課，你大部分時間都在聽課。

That time would be better spent (1) applying your new knowledge with spaced repetition

這些時間最好用來（1）應用你的新知識，有間隔地重複。

to improve memory consolidation, (2) challenging the newfound knowledge with practice questions,

以提高記憶鞏固能力，（2）用練習題挑戰新學的知識。

or (3) learning about it from a different angle to address inconsistencies or holes

或(3)從不同的角度去了解它，解決不一致或漏洞的問題

Don't worry about making sure you heard every single last word.

不要擔心是否能確保你聽到最後一個字。

You can still set the curve and have top marks if you miss a small detail here or there.

如果你錯過了這裡或那裡的一個小細節，你仍然可以設置曲線，並有最高分。

For the MCAT and USMLE, students often brag about how many “passes” they've done

對於MCAT和USMLE的考試，學生們經常吹噓自己做了多少 "通關 "的事情。

through their prep books, such as First Aid.

There's nothing wrong with referencing the text when you see a gap in your knowledge,

當你看到自己的知識漏洞時，參考一下課文是沒有錯的。

but reading the whole thing cover to cover multiple times is a perfect example of the

但從頭到尾讀了多遍，就是一個最好的例子。

This next mistake is a perfect summation of the previous two.

接下來的這個錯誤是前面兩個錯誤的完美總結。

Students have pride in how rapidly they listened to a lecture recording or podcast.

門生對本身聽講堂錄音或播客的疾速性有自傲。

I personally rarely went over 1.5 or 1.7x for lecture recordings, but I had many friends

我個人很少超過1.5或1.7倍的講課錄音，但我有很多朋友

But guess who was getting better scores in class, on the MCAT, and on the USMLE?

但你猜猜看，誰在課堂上、MCAT上、USMLE上的成績更好？

字幕列表影片播放

你的學習是錯誤的--這就是為什麼。

ultimately

potential

mental

present