there's been this milk renaissance

有這個牛奶的復興

of alternatives to dairy that are exploding in popularity,

的乳製品替代品，正在爆發式地流行。

from soy to almond, oat, hazelnut, coconut, rice milk,

從大豆到杏仁、燕麥、榛子、椰子、米漿。

and many others.

和許多其他。

But which one should you actually be drinking,

但你到底該喝哪一種呢。

if you wanna be environmentally conscious?

如果你想有環保意識？

- Today, we're gonna go through some of

- 今天，我們要去通過一些。

the most popular milk options

最受歡迎的牛奶選擇

and rate them from worst to best,

並將其從最差到最好進行評分。

based on how green they are,

根據它們的綠色程度。

so that you can make an informed decision

以便你能做出明智的決定

when you're buying.

當你在購買。

- We've actually been wanting to start a series

- 其實我們一直想開闢一個系列

on this channel for awhile now related to the environment

在這個頻道上，有一段時間與環境有關的文章。

and climate change and going green.

和氣候變化以及綠色發展。

- The climate crisis is gonna be

- 氣候危機將是

the biggest crisis of our time.

我們這個時代最大的危機。

So we wanna be thinking about it

所以我們要考慮一下

and talking about it as much as possible.

並儘可能多地談論它。

- Up first is plain old dairy milk.

- 首先上場的是純牛奶。

You may have heard by now,

你現在可能已經聽說了。

but the general consensus is that dairy milk

但普遍的共識是，牛奶

is pretty bad for the environment.

是相當糟糕的環境。

In fact, an Oxford University study in 2018,

事實上，牛津大學在2018年的一項研究。

found that dairy milk results in three times

發現，牛奶導致三倍的

more greenhouse gas emissions

更多的溫室氣體排放

than any alternative milk

比任何其他牛奶都要好

and nine times more land use.

和9倍的土地利用。

Mostly because so much feed is required for the cows

主要是因為奶牛需要大量的飼料。

and the land required to grow their feed.

以及種植其飼料所需的土地。

Dairy milk also uses the most water by a long shot.

牛奶的用水量也是最多的。

So this single glass, which is 200 milliliters of milk,

所以這個單杯，就是200毫升的牛奶。

would have taken 120 liters of water to make.

將需要120升水來製作。

This isn't even full.

這還沒滿。

This is like halfway there.

這就像半路出家一樣。

But safe to say that if you're looking for

但可以肯定地說，如果你要找的是。

an environmentally-friendly milk, dairy isn't gonna be it.

一個環保的牛奶，乳製品是不是要去是它。

- Our first alternative is rice milk.

- 我們的第一個選擇是米漿。

Rice milk is usually much less expensive

米奶的價格通常要低得多

than other milk alternatives,

比其他牛奶替代品要好。

but when it comes to emissions it ranks very high.

但在排放方面，它的排名非常高。

That's actually due to the bacteria that breed

這其實是由於細菌滋生的結果

in the rice paddies,

在稻田裡。

and it's because they actually release methane.

這是因為他們實際上釋放甲烷。

Although they're not technically farting,

雖然他們不是技術上的放屁。

but I mean if it helps you understand it,

但我的意思是，如果它有助於你理解它。

then yeah, the bacteria are farting.

那麼是的，細菌是放屁。

Its large amount of fertilizers end up polluting waterways

其大量的化肥最終汙染了水體。

and doing damage to the environment.

並對環境造成破壞。

While some of the other crops

而其他一些作物

have this runoff issue as well,

也有這樣的流出問題。

making rice milk contributes

釀米漿

three times the amount of fertilizer runoff

三倍的肥水

compared to the other milk alternatives

與其他牛奶替代品相比

we're gonna get to later.

我們會得到以後。

In terms of water usage, it's pretty thirsty.

從用水量來看，很渴。

It requires 54 liters of water per glass of milk.

每杯牛奶需要54升水。

Thirsty is synonymous now with horny.

口渴現在是好色的代名詞。

Rice milk is not as horny as dairy milk,

米奶不像奶製品那樣好色。

but it's still very horny for an alternative.

但還是很好色的選擇。

- Perhaps the most popular alternative,

- 也許是最受歡迎的選擇。

popular, perhaps the most popular alternative

流行，也許是最流行的選擇

is almond milk.

是杏仁奶。

I feel like a lot of people have experience

我覺得很多人都有經驗

with almond milk.

加杏仁奶。

It feels like it's pretty ubiquitous to any store you go to.

感覺你去任何一家店都是很普遍的。

On the bright side, it requires smaller farmland usage

從好的方面看，它需要較小的農田使用量。

than most other alternative milks.

比大多數其他替代性乳品更適合。

And it has lower emissions.

而且它的排放量較低。

Its main downfall is that it uses a lot of water.

它的主要缺點是耗水量大。

So this is almost a liter carton,

所以這幾乎是一升紙盒。

which means it would have taken around

這意味著它將需要大約

370 liters of water to make.

370升水，使。

To be clear, dairy milk still uses more.

說白了，奶製品的用量還是比較大的。

On top of this, the vast majority of almond farming

除此之外，絕大部分的杏仁種植業

is done in California's central valley

是在加州的中央谷地完成的

where drought potential is high,

在乾旱可能性大的地方。

which just puts an extra strain on the environment.

這隻會給環境帶來額外的壓力。

Not to mention, nearly 70% of commercial bees

更何況，近70%的商業蜜蜂。

are used to pollinate almonds.

是用來給杏仁授粉的。

And last year, a third of these bees died

而去年，這些蜜蜂有三分之一死了

by the end of the season,

到了賽季末。

due to these pressures and environmental threats.

由於這些壓力和環境威脅。

- Next up is coconut milk.

- 接下來是椰奶。

In of itself, coconut milk has a fairly low impact

本身，椰奶的影響就相當小。

on the land and low water use.

在土地上，用水量少。

You don't have to deforest the trees to make the milk.

你不需要砍伐樹木來製作牛奶。

And the actual trees have a greenhouse gas benefit.

而實際樹木具有溫室氣體效益。

Global demand of this milk is causing some people

全球對這種牛奶的需求導致一些人

to clearcut rainforest

砍伐雨林

in order to grow the trees for coconut milk.

為了種植椰奶樹。

The vast majority of coconut milk comes from Indonesia,

絕大多數椰奶都來自印尼。

Philippines, tropical climates like India,

菲律賓、印度等熱帶氣候地區。

and the demand of this milk does create

而這種牛奶的需求確實造成了

exploitation of the worker.

剝削工人；

If you do love coconut milk,

如果你真的愛喝椰奶。

it's very important that you look for brands

尋找品牌是非常重要的。

that are certified fair trade.

經認證的公平貿易。

I don't think I've ever really had

我不認為我曾經真的有

coconut milk out of a coconut,

椰子中的椰奶。

but I know that's VVV on trend.

但我知道那是VVV的潮流。

- [Mitchell] We did it in Costa Rica.

- 我們在哥斯達黎加做的。

- So, I've just been alerted by the authorities

- 所以，我剛剛接到當局的通知

that I have drank milk out of a coconut.

我喝過椰子裡的牛奶。

This makes me a little bit disturbed about my own memory

這讓我對自己的記憶有些不安

and my own ability to look back on my life.

以及我自己對人生的回顧能力。

- Soy milk is actually a really good alternative.

- 豆漿其實是一個非常不錯的選擇。

In the Oxford study, across all measures

在牛津大學的研究中，在所有措施中

it ranked really well, low land usage, low water usage,

它的排名真的很好，土地利用率低，用水量低。

and low emissions.

和低排放。

As an added bonus, it's one of the only alternative milks

作為額外的獎勵，它是唯一的替代牛奶之一。

that comes with a similar protein content to dairy milk,

蛋白質含量與牛奶相似的。

if that matters to you.

如果這對你很重要的話

It's soy amazing.

它的大豆驚人。

What, why did I turn Australian?

什麼，我為什麼會變成澳大利亞人？

And if you say soy, it sounds like you're saying so

如果你說黃豆，聽起來就像你說的那樣。

in an Australian accent.

在澳洲口音。

Soy, soy.

大豆，大豆。

Soy, you wanna go to the garage sale mate?

小夥子，你想去車庫銷售嗎，夥計？

I'm so stupid.

我真傻

Now in the past, there's been some concern

現在，在過去，有一些關注。

and controversy around certain hormones,

和圍繞某些激素的爭議。

like phytoestrogens in soy milk,

如豆漿中的植物雌激素。

which acts similar to the human hormone estrogen

它的作用類似於人體激素雌激素。

and have those effects in your body.

並在你的身體裡產生這些效果。

But after years of research,

但經過多年的研究。

the general consensus is that you would have to be consuming

普遍的共識是，你必須是消費的。

mass quantities of soy milk and tofu

豆腐

to see any of these negative effects.

看不到任何這些負面影響。

One actual pitfall of soy milk is that in a lot of places

豆漿的一個實際隱患是，在很多地方

they grow them in massive quantities

他們大量種植

in order to feed livestock for meat and dairy

為了餵養肉食和奶製品的牲畜。

and as a result, forests or rainforests like the Amazon

是以，像亞馬遜這樣的森林或熱帶雨林。

have been clearcut in order to make way for these farms.

為了給這些農場讓路，已經清空了土地。

But doing a bit of research and reading the carton

但是，做了一些研究，看了紙箱

can help you find products that come from Canada

可以幫助您找到來自加拿大的產品

or the USA and help support ethical practices.

或美國，並幫助支持道德實踐。

- Now we have hazelnut milk.

- 現在我們有了榛子牛奶。

Hazelnut milk has become more popular in recent years

榛子牛奶近年來比較受歡迎。

and this is for good reason.

這是有原因的。

It's got a nutty taste like almond milk

它有一種杏仁奶的堅果味道

and without the environmental impact.

而不影響環境。

Not only do hazelnut trees pull carbon from the atmosphere

榛子樹不僅能從大氣中吸碳

and decrease greenhouse gas emissions,

並減少溫室氣體排放。

but they're actually pollinated by the wind

但實際上它們是由風來授粉的。

and not honeybees.

而不是蜜蜂。

They also grow in moist climates

它們也生長在潮溼的氣候中

where drought is less of a concern

旱情較輕的地方

and this creates less of an environmental strain.

而這對環境造成的壓力較小。

There are potential human rights concerns with some regions,

一些地區存在潛在的人權問題。

for example, child labor being used

例如，使用童工

for hazelnut milk in Turkey.

土耳其的榛子奶。

So it's important that you try and figure out

所以，重要的是，你要試著找出

where your milk is coming from.

你的牛奶從哪裡來。

- Now before we get to our crowned alternative milk winner,

- 現在，在我們進入我們加冕的替代牛奶冠軍之前。

there's a few other honorable mentions

還有其他一些值得一提的榮譽稱號。

that don't necessarily have as much research done on them.

的，不一定有那麼多的研究。

- These include pea milk, which the producers say

- 其中包括豌豆奶，生產者表示

creates only 25% of the emissions of dairy.

只產生了乳製品25%的排放量。

- P-E-A milk.

- P-E-A牛奶。

- Yeah, true, true, true.

- 是的，沒錯，沒錯，沒錯。

Not urine milk, whoa.

不是尿奶，哇。

- There's also macadamia milk,

- 還有澳洲堅果奶。

which is a good alternative to nut milks

這是一個很好的替代堅果奶的方法

because it uses less water

因為它用水量少

and are typically grown in less water-scarce regions.

並且通常在缺水地區種植。

- And then there's hemp milks,

- 還有就是麻奶。

which are considered good for the environment.

被認為是對環境有益的。

'Cause they're usually made in small batches

因為它們通常是小批量製造的

and therefore not contributing to these monoculture,

是以不會助長這些單一文化。

mass operations that a lot of the other milks are.

大規模經營，其他很多奶都是。

- It's like microbrewery for milk.

- 這就像牛奶的微型啤酒廠。

But as it stands, the current winner

但目前來看，目前的贏家

of the battle of the alternative milks is,

的替代乳品之戰是。

- Ah drum roll, please.

- 啊，鼓聲，請。

- Oat milk. - Oat milk.

- 燕麥牛奶。- 燕麥牛奶。

- That's the girl bop.

- 這就是女孩的流行。

- After looking at all the metrics,

- 看了所有的指標之後。

it's the general consensus

眾口一詞

that oat milk is an amazing alternative to dairy.

燕麥奶是一個驚人的替代乳製品。

It uses very little water, very little land

它使用很少的水，很少的土地

and has low emissions.

並具有低排放。

Currently between 50 to 90% of oat production

目前燕麥產量的50-90%。

is actually used for animal feed.

其實是用來做動物飼料的。

But the idea is that we don't have to

但是，我們的想法是，我們不必

clearcut forests for it.

為其開墾森林。

And over time we might be able to slowly transition

而隨著時間的推移，我們或許可以慢慢過渡到。

or steal that production for milk as opposed to animal feed.

或竊取這些生產的牛奶，而不是動物飼料。

Ultimately, there's potential to increase the production

最終，有可能提高產量。

without actually causing a bigger impact right now.

而沒有實際造成更大的影響，現在。

Oats are grown in colder climates like Canada.

燕麥生長在加拿大等氣候較冷的地方。

So they don't require the deforestation

所以他們不需要砍伐森林。

in developing countries.

開發中國家。

The main problem with oat milk is that

燕麥奶的主要問題是

it's a monocultural crop,

這是一個單一文化的作物。

which means it's more susceptible to disease and pests,

這意味著它更容易受到病蟲害的侵襲。

and as a result, requires the use of pesticides

並是以需要使用農藥。

and other chemicals.

和其他化學品。

- At the end of the day,

- 在一天結束的時候。

the differences between these plant milks

這些植物奶的區別

are kind of marginal compared to dairy milk.

和牛奶相比，算是邊緣化了。

So if you are wanting to decrease your environmental impact,

所以如果你想減少對環境的影響。

just choose an alternative milk.

只是選擇一個替代的牛奶。

- But obviously depending on your personal taste

- 但顯然取決於你的個人品味

and dietary restrictions, you could try different ones,

和飲食限制，你可以嘗試不同的。

or even rotate through different kinds.

甚至在不同種類中輪換。

And that would be cool too.

那也會很酷。

Thanks again for watching our video and our channel.

再次感謝您觀看我們的視頻和我們的頻道。

Like we said, we really do wanna make more videos

就像我們說的，我們真的想做更多的視頻。

related to environmentalism and the climate crisis.

與環境主義和氣候危機有關的問題。

So if you have questions,

所以如果你有問題。

or want us to investigate something,

或者想讓我們調查一些事情。

let us know in the comments

請在評論中告訴我們

and we'll try and make a video about it.

我們會試著做一個視頻。

- And make sure you're subscribed as always.

- 並確保你一如既往地訂閱。

We're still saying that.

我們還在說。

In theory we are still YouTubers.

理論上，我們還是優土鱉。

And we will see you next week for a new science video.

下週我們將看到一個新的科學視頻。

- See you later, whether or not it's next week,

- 再見，不管是不是下週。

we'll find out. - Yeah.

我們會發現。- 是啊 Yeah.