So let's start by talking about approach.

那麼就從方法開始談起。

We need to approach communication in an open way.

我們要以開放的方式進行溝通。

See it as an opportunity to share our ideas, our believes, our innovations, but that's not enough.

把它想成這是一個共享點子、信仰和新事物的機會，但這樣還不夠。

We need to think about the audience that we're speaking to.

我們還需要考慮到我們的聽眾。

Most of us think about "here's what I want to say" or "here's what I need to say."

大部份的我們都在想著「這是我想說的」或是「這是我要說的」。

I would suggest that's exactly wrong.

我會說這完全是錯的。

You need to think about "what does my audience need to hear."

你要想的是「我的觀眾需要聽什麼」。

The three things I think we need to ask about our audience are: "What is their knowledge?", "What is it that they know?"

我認為我們要問觀眾的三件事包括：「他們個人的見聞是什麼？」、「他們知道什麼？」。

In addition to knowledge, we need to be thinking about their expectations.

除了知識方面之外，我們還要考慮到觀眾的期望。

"What is it that they expect of me?"

「他們對我的期望是什麼？」

And then you can choose to conform to those expectations or not.

之後，你可以選擇要不要去符合那些期望。

The final thing that we need to think about are "what are their attitudes?"

最後一件我們必須考慮的事情是「觀眾抱持著什麼態度？」

The way you approach your communication is influenced by what your audience thinks about what you're talking on.

你進行談話的方式會受觀眾對你演說內容的看法影響。

Are they in favor of it? Are they against it, hesitant, agnostic?

他們支持你說的話嗎？還是他們對此反對、遲疑、不可知論呢？

But beyond knowing your audience, you have to appreciate the context in which you speak.

但除了了解你的觀眾之外，你必須考量你身處的說話環境。

The first thing about context we need to think about is the time.

對此，我們首先需要考慮的是時間。

What time of day are you communicating?

你會在一天之中的什麼時候做交流？

If you're talking early in the morning, you might have to have a little more energy to keep people moving.

如果你一大早就要講話，你可能會需要更多精力來讓觀眾跟上你的步調。

Context also involves emotion.

環境也包含情感。

Most of us when we communicate, we think about information: "what's in my head and my heart I need to communicate to you?", but we also communicate a feeling.

大多數的我們在進行溝通時，考慮到的是資訊：「我腦中和心中想要告訴你的什麼？」，但溝通也是在傳達情感。

Maybe we're trying to get people excited and motivate them, but we need to think about the emotion as well as the information.

也許我們在試著激起對方的興趣，激勵他們，但在考慮到情感的同時，也必須考量到資訊。

The final bit of context has to do with "where you're physically speaking?"

最後一件和環境有關的就是「你要在哪裡演說？」

Think about the way the room is set up, think about the environment: is it live, is it virtual?

考慮一下室內的設置，考慮一下環境：「它是現場直播嗎？」、「它是線上進行的嗎？」

Those change the way that you communicate.

這些都會改變你說話的方式。

So our approach is important, our audience is important, the context in which we find ourselves is important, and so too is the way we structure our messages.

因此，我們的方法很重要，觀眾很重要，我們將要演說的環境很重要，而我們組織訊息的方法也相當重要。

In fact, we remember information up to 40% better when it's structured.

事實上，當訊息是有條理的時候，我們能記住的訊息量最高能提升至 40%。

The first structure is a chronological structure: past, present, future.

第一個結構是按時間排序結構：「過去、現在、未來結構」。

Here's how things used to be, here's how they are today, here's where they're going in the future.

這件事以前是如何，現在是如何，未來又會如何。

The next structure happens to be the problem, solution, benefit structure.

下一個結構是：「問題、解決、利益結構」。

You start by explaining what the issue is, you talk about how to solve it and then the benefits to the people.

開始時你會解釋今天的問題為何，之後你要說明如何解決，以及這將對人們帶來什麼好處。

Finally my favorite structure is the what, so what, now what structure.

最後，我最喜歡的結構是：「什麼、所以、然後的結構」。

You start by telling people what the issue is, you tell them why it's important in that "so what" step and then you tell them what's next, what's coming.

開始時你會告訴觀眾今天的議題是什麼，然後會在「所以」這個步驟說明這個議題的重要性，之後你將告訴觀眾接下來會發生的事。

So I want for you bold communication that's confident and compelling, and I want for your message to echo long after you leave the room.

那麼，我希望你未來能進行有自信且有說服力的大膽交流，也希望今天所教的東西在你離開這間房間後，對你有長久的影響。

Thank you.

謝謝。