for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra.

長號大師講座

My name's Katie Jones,

我是 Katie Jones

and I'm the co-principal trombone

目前擔任倫敦交響樂團的

of the London Symphony Orchestra.

長號手副首席

The first excerpt we're going to talk about today

我們今天所要介紹的 第一個樂段是

is Wagner's "Ride of the Valkyries,"

華格納的 《女武神的飛行》

taken from his opera "Die Walkure."

取自華格納的歌劇 《女武神》

This has been set for auditions for me personally,

這是我個人最鍾愛的 試奏曲目

from school age right through to my professional career.

從學生時期到職業生涯， 都沒變過

He's one of the earlier composers to use the trombone

華格納是最早在樂章旋律中

in a melodic context

使用長號演奏的作曲家之一

and not just in a scared or choral fashion.

當時只有在恐怖音樂或唱詩班中 才會使用長號演奏

Here are some thoughts on how to approach the excerpt.

在此提供你一些建議， 幫助你熟悉這個樂段

Listen to a few recordings if possible.

如果可以的話， 請聆聽幾段演奏錄音

Work out how the trombone

熟悉長號如何融入

fits into the overall orchestration.

交響樂團的整體演奏

The strings have a lot of running semiquaver passages

在這段音樂演奏過程中， 弦樂部分有許多

during this music,

快速的十六分音符樂段

so there's no room for maneuver

因此曲調中沒有任何

or any vibrato in our tune.

多加裝飾或揉音的空間

Keep a good, full sound

請保持飽滿、完整的音色

without getting brittle or hard,

避免出現尖銳或沈重的聲音

and articulate that lower semiquaver well,

而較低音的十六分音符， 也要運舌清楚

because it won't come across over the orchestration.

因為這並不會和 整體樂團演奏有所衝突

[Ride of the Valkyries]

[女武神的飛行]

And if you're wondering how you can possibly try

此外，如果你想要多方嘗試

and improve on the way you're playing it

並改善你的演奏方式

or, indeed, the way I've been playing it,

或是想要學習我的演奏方式

try subdividing the rhythm.

請試著細分節拍

Try playing it all in semiquavers.

試著吹奏出所有十六分音符

For instance...

例如...

[playing semiquavers]

[吹奏十六分音符]

So that the rhythm-- you're making sure

就是這樣的節拍

you move your slide really quickly

請務必在附點八分音符 和十六分音符之間

between the dotted quaver and the semiquaver.

快速移動拉管

Also, you can try this tune in 3/4 time signature.

你也可以試著以 3/4 拍的節奏 吹奏這段曲調

[playing Ride of the Valkyries in 3/4 time]

[以 3/4 拍吹奏女武神的飛行]

And that puts an emphasis

這樣會凸顯樂句中

on a different note in the phrase,

不同的音符

which means you can really hear how the tuning is settling.

代表你可以清楚聽見 曲調的轉折

If you've got trouble coordinating your slide

如果無法順暢地協調 拉管和運舌的節奏

and your tongue, try it really slowly

請試著放慢吹奏速度

just with air attack with the instrument,

用樂器進行吐氣練習

or you can try singing it through.

或是直接唱出樂曲

For instance... [rhythmic puffing]

例如... [節奏吐氣練習]

That makes sure you're using air

這樣可以確保

right at the start of the notes,

在音符開頭時運氣

and the tongue is absolutely right on the button.

並且讓舌頭抵住吹管底部

The next excerpt I'm going to talk about

接下來所要介紹的樂段是

is Berlioz' "Hungarian March" from "The Damnation of Faust."

白遼士的《匈牙利進行曲》 取自《浮士德的天譴》

Apparently, Berlioz had already written

顯然白遼士先譜出

this "Hungarian March"

這段《匈牙利進行曲》

previous to writing "The Damnation of Faust,"

之後才創作 《浮士德的天譴》

which is why "The Damnation of Faust"

這也是 《浮士德的天譴》

is set in Hungary from the start.

開場位於匈牙利的原因

Now, Berlioz would have been used to using

白遼士當年在法國作曲時期

smaller trombones in France at the time of his composition

所使用的長號比當時

than in Germany,

德國的長號來的小

and probably than you're playing on now.

甚至可能比你現在吹的長號還要小

Sometimes it can be good to play Berlioz

有時使用小型樂器吹奏

on a small instrument.

白遼士的樂章也不錯

I did this with "Symphonie Fantastique"

我在今夏稍早時就如此吹奏

earlier in the summer.

《幻想交響曲》

Though Berlioz apparently

不過白遼士顯然

was not really a fan of the alto trombone,

不怎麼喜歡使用中音長號

saying that actually most competent players

他認為真正稱職的演奏家

could get the notes on a tenor,

可以吹奏初次中音的音符

and he much preferred the sound of the tenor.

而且他十分喜愛次中音的音質

This excerpt is all about subdivision.

這個樂段的菁華之處 完全在於細分音符

Not being late off the tight notes

請跟上緊密音符的節拍

and really looking after the tuning,

並確實融入曲調

the difference between the semitones

用心體會半音和全音

and the whole tones.

之間的差異

[Hungarian March]

[匈牙利進行曲]

You can, again, take this piece,

你也可以比照上一段 華格納的樂章

as same as we talked about with the Wagner,

將這個樂段單獨抽離

out of rhythmic context.

整體樂章旋律

This really shines a light on, as I was saying,

這樣就能特別清楚我所說的

the difference between the semitones

半音和全音

and the whole tones.

之間的差異

For instance, try playing it in this rhythm.

例如，您可以用這樣的節拍吹奏

[slower rhythm]

[慢板節拍]

Two semiquavers, then a quaver.

兩個十六分音符 然後是一個八分音符

And you can reverse that rhythm exactly the same--

你也可以倒著吹奏同樣的音符

quaver, then two semiquavers--

八分音符，然後是兩個十六分音符

or play it all in a triplet fashion.

或者，全部用三連音的節拍吹奏

And this is just to shine a light

這可以有效改善

on your--on any poor tuning that's happening.

任何音準問題

I've certainly used this in my practice

我在今天的演奏中也有

for this performance today.

運用這項技巧

You must also really hear the rest of the orchestra

你也必須在你的小節休息期間

during your bars rest.

仔細聆聽樂團其他部分的演奏

Playing an excerpt with bars rest is always tricky.

吹奏的樂段如果有好幾個小節休息， 向來需要較高的技巧

Really keep that pulse going in your head.

必須在腦中持續打拍子

I'd just like to say a few words

我想要談論一些有關

about the Ferdinand David.

Ferdinand David 的注意事項

Many editions exist of this piece,

這段樂章有許多不同版本

and the rhythms are somewhat controversial.

各版本的節拍有些歧異

Please state on your video which edition you are using

請在你的影片中註明採用的版本

just so that we know.

讓我們知悉

This piece is your chance to shine musically,

這段樂章是你展現音樂長才的契機

say something interesting.

請試著發揮創意

Remember, all music is either going to somewhere

所有音樂靈感都是福至心靈

or coming away.

但也稍縱即逝

Really hear the accompaniment in your head,

請確實在腦中想像伴奏的旋律

because you won't have an accompanist, I'm sure.

我想應該不會真的有人幫你伴奏吧！

And don't just keep playing this piece through

此外，練習時請不要呆板地

when you're practicing it.

吹奏這段樂章

Take the harder bars out of context

請單獨練習

and practice them in isolation,

難度較高的小節

perhaps changing the rhythms

或許可以試著吹奏不同的節拍

to trick yourself into hearing things in a different way.

以不同的方式聆聽樂曲 激發靈感

Now, the final excerpt we're going to talk about today

我們今天所要談論的 最後一個樂段是

is Schumann's Third Symphony.

舒曼的第三號交響曲

I always prefer to play this on the alto trombone,

我一向喜歡用中音長號吹奏這段樂章

but if you don't have one, you will not be penalized

如果你沒有中音長號的話

for playing it on a tenor.

其實用次中音吹奏也沒有關係

Schumann was apparently inspired by scenes

舒曼在創作第三號交響曲時

right along the Rhine River

顯然是受到

when he was writing his Third Symphony,

萊茵河畔的優美景致激發靈感

and the fourth movement in particular

據說第四樂章就是特別

is said to depict the beautiful Cologne Cathedral.

描述美麗的科隆大教堂

This would be very apt, because in the 1800s,

這是很有可能的，因為十九世紀時

trombones were very much used to depict sacred music

長號經常用於演奏莊嚴音樂

and in a choral fashion.

和唱詩班的音樂

All of the individual parts of the trombone section

所有長號部分的個別樂段

are more or less within a vocal range,

大致上都在音域範圍內

and the prevailing harmony

而且主旋律

is contained within the trombone section.

也包含在長號部分中

Obviously, you have to look after your individual pitch,

當然你必須注意自己的音準

but once you get into the orchestra,

不過一旦融入樂團中

you really have to listen to the rest of the section as well

你也必須確實聆聽其他部分的演奏

and where your note lies within the chord.

以及你的音符在合音中的位置

Play this excerpt as smoothly as you possibly can.

儘可能平順地吹奏這個樂段

Keep notes right to their full length

完整吹奏音符的長度

before moving the slide.

再移動拉管

And try not to focus on the top E flat.

此外，試著不要凸顯最高的降 E

It's not the climax of the phrase.

這並不是樂句的高潮

[Schumann's Symphony Number Three]

[舒曼的第三號交響曲]

When I'm going to be playing this piece,

每次要吹奏這段樂章

or the Tuba Mirum from Mozart's "Requiem,"

或是莫札特《安魂曲》中的 神奇號角時

I always try and practice them

我總是用

even slower than you think

非常慢的速度練習

you're going to have to play them

超乎你所想像的慢

and even quieter than you know

並且用比樂團演奏時

you're going to have to play them in the orchestra.

更小聲的聲音練習

This takes you out of your comfort zone,

這樣可以增加吹奏的難度

and so once you get into the orchestra,

希望可以幫助你融入樂團演奏時

hopefully, it feels easier.

感到駕輕就熟

Thanks for watching this master class

感謝你觀看這段 YouTube 交響樂團的

for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra.

大師講座影片

I hope you found even one small part of what I've said

希望我的教學內容對你有所啟發

of used to you in preparing your auditions.

能在試奏的準備上助你一臂之力

I'm really looking forward to seeing the videos

我由衷期盼在不久的將來

in the near future,

能夠欣賞到參賽者提交的影片

so good luck in your application.

祝你雀屏中選