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  • "On the fifth day he saw in the crystal a transatlantic whale with a square face"

  • That's from a research paper about a 24-year-old guy known as Z. He approached a couple of

  • researchers in the 1930s to ask if they could help him stop sleeping.

  • "He was convinced that sleep is a habit and that with proper procedures this habit could

  • be broken. On several occasions he had gone without sleep for four or five days"

  • It's one of a whole bunch of really weird sleep experiments from 50 to 80 years ago.

  • In this one, the guy, Z, thought that if he could be stimulated by tasks and other people

  • to stay awake for more than a week, he'd get a second wind and never need to sleep again.

  • He'd break the habit.

  • So the researchers gave him a typewriter and asked him to type for 30 minutes a day, marking

  • each minute of typing. They would compare his typing speed and accuracy as one measure

  • to find out the effects of sleeplessness.

  • Throughout the 10 days of not sleeping his pulse, blood pressure and the chemicals in

  • his pee all stayed the same. He did a bunch of intelligence tests every day and his marks

  • barely changed.

  • But... his typing speed declined and after day 4, Z couldn't type anymore. He couldn't

  • fixate on letters and numbers and he said his eyes were sore.

  • Still, Z stayed up and didn't complain about mental or physical fatigue.

  • He did become easily irritated. He started reporting hallucinations and he mistook his

  • desk for a drinking fountain.

  • On the last day of the experiment he wrote a nice poem (link in the description) and

  • when the experiment ended, he slept.

  • The researchers concluded it was possible to go with practically no sleep for ten days

  • without any known physiological effects or damage to mental function. Similar studies

  • found no known damage from sleeplessness.

  • Now, after 50 odd years more research, we know sleep deprivation leads to depression,

  • high blood pressure, increased risk of diabetes, weight gain, heart disease and probably earlier

  • death. We also know that a good nights' sleep is kind of a big deal. Research from the past

  • few years suggests we need seven to nine hours a night to for our memory to function. If

  • we don't sleep, we'll never learn.

  • When we sleep we go through cycles that last for 70-to-120 minutes. In these cycles there

  • are two main types of sleep: REM or rapid-eye-movement and non-REM. Your brain needs both of these

  • types of sleep to consolidate memories. During non-REM or deep sleep, your brain files away

  • the facts and practices the moves learned that day--it consolidates them for more permanent

  • storage. During REM sleep, your brain integrates these facts and lessons into your existing

  • knowledge.

  • In one study, two groups had to learn a set of new words, some real (like "cathedral")

  • and some made up (like "cathedruke"). The sleep group memorised the words in the evening,

  • had a recall test, slept for the night, and took another test. The no-sleep group got

  • their words in the morning, had a recall test, stayed awake for the day, and then took the

  • second test.

  • The subjects in the sleep group showed improved recall after sleeping the night; the no-sleep

  • group showed no measurable improvements and were worse on some aspects of recall. One

  • week later, the no-sleep group showed improved recall once they had a chance to get some

  • shut eye. Sleep is crucial to forming short and long term memories.

  • And fully knitting information into your memory requires seven to nine hours of sleep. 50

  • years ago, 3% of working Americans reported getting less than six hours a night --now

  • it's 30%. Cutting off the last two hours of the night means you're missing out on your

  • most important REM time.

  • The next time you feel like your life is over capacity, don't pull an all-nighter or a ten

  • day no-sleep binge. Science says it's best to sleep on it.

  • How quickly can you subscribe to BrainCraft? If you've just pulled an all-nighter the quarter

  • of a second it would take you to hit the subscribe button nearly triples to 800 or 900 milliseconds.

  • If you want to rest your reaction time, click pause right... Now.

"On the fifth day he saw in the crystal a transatlantic whale with a square face"

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睡眠的驚人效果(和缺乏睡眠的效果)。 (Amazing Effects of Sleep (And Lack of It))

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