wanted to know how the various bones related to one each other and how the muscles related

to the bones. So he wanted to have a realistic understanding of the human anatomy because

he was depicting real live people sitting, gesturing, walking, and he wanted to get this

as absolutely correct as possible. In order to understand how the body functions,

we need to know something about the anatomy of the body, it’s sort of obvious.The more

we want to depict the mind, the more it helps to understand the mind, and one way to understand

the mind is to understanding the brain. So it is conceivable that as we get deeper and

deeper insights into the mind, artists will get ideas about how combinations of stimuli

affect, for example, emotional states that will allow them to depict those emotional

states better. 

But in addition, we’re beginning to get in very, very primitive terms,

some insights into the nature of creativity. Hughling Jackson, the great neurologist in

the 19th century, thought that the left hemisphere is involved in language. We know this is true.

And the left hemisphere is primarily involved in logical processes, calculation, mathematics,

rational thinking. The right hemisphere, he thought, is more involved with musicality,

which is true. The sing-song in my language comes from the right hemisphere, the grammar

and the articulation comes from my left hemisphere. Okay? So he thought that the right hemisphere

is more involved in musicality in, you know, synthesis, putting things together and an

aspect of creativity. And he felt that the two hemispheres inhibit one another. So if

you have lesions of the left hemisphere, that removes the inhibitory constraint on the right

hemisphere and frees up certain processes. And he found that certain kids that develop

later in life, let’s say, later in their teens, aphasia, a language difficulty; it

freed up in them a musicality which they didn’t have before. 

People have returned to

that more recently in the analysis of a dementia called Frontotemporal Dementia. Frontotemporal

Dementia is a dementia somewhat similar to Alzheimer’s disease, it actually begins

earlier, that primarily affects the temporal lobe of the brain and the front lobe of the

brain. If it’s only expressed on the left side, people with Frontotemporal Dementia

begin to show creativity that they’ve never shown before. So if you were painting before,

you might start, if you develop Frontotemporal Dementia on the left side, to use colors that

you’ve never used before to try forms that you’ve never used before. If you never painted

before, you might take up painting for the first time. So this is really quite unusual.



There are also a group of people who have studied aspects of creativity. I can

give you a problem that can be solved in one of two ways, systematically working your way

through it or putting it together, take a guess, an Aha Phenomenon. And they found that

when people do it in a sort of creative way, the Aha Phenomenon, there is a particular

area in the right side of the brain that lights up. And they show this not only with imaging,

but also with electrophysiological recording. 

So this is really quite interesting.

You have a number of sort of indirect, not the most compelling evidence in the world,

the Aha Phenomenon is well-documented, but it’s only a component of creativity. Number

of suggestions, there are aspects of the right hemisphere that might be involved in creativity.

But look, as we have been saying all along, we are at a very early stage in understanding

higher mental processes, so it’s amazing we know anything about creativity, but this

is certainly – we are heading into an era in which one can really get very, very good

insights into it and the kinds of situations that lead to increased creativity... you know,

is group think productive? Does it lead to great – greater creativity or does it inhibit

individual creativity? Lots of these questions are being explored, both from a social psychological

and from a biological point of view.