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  • I would bet that you are not studying anywhere nearly as effectively as you could be.

  • And why should you care?

  • Well, if you study more effectively, you can learn more and retain more in less time.

  • That translates to less time studying, better grades, and more time doing the things you

  • actually enjoy.

  • In this video, we'll cover all of the study hacks I learned in medical school, and what

  • I wish I knew back in college.

  • What's going on guys,

  • Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com.

  • This video is an updated version of my first ever video: “Premed Study StrategiesWhat

  • I Wish I Knew in College”.

  • By following the tips in this video, you'll be studying less and earning better grades

  • immediately.

  • I just wish I was studying like this sooner.

  • Without further ado, let's get to it.

  • First, active versus passive learning.

  • The default studying pattern we all employ is passive learning.

  • It's easier, requires less effort, and overall is just more comfortable.

  • Active learning is more challenging, it's less comfortable, but is ultimately much more

  • effective.

  • There are 4 Steps we must address to actually use active learning.

  • Steps 1 and 2 are about obtaining the information, and Steps 3 and 4 are

  • about reviewing and reinforcing the information.

  • The first Step is to identify what is important.

  • Not all information is created equal.

  • To employ active learning, you must constantly be sorting information and assessing its relative

  • importance.

  • Second, organize the information in a way that you understand.

  • Again, as an active process, this isn't going to be just copying and regurgitating information,

  • instead you are going to be doing the difficult task of synthesizing the information in your

  • own words, in diagrams or in other study aids.

  • For example, I loved creating tables and charts.

  • Let's say I was comparing macro-minerals, like sodium, potassium and chloride in the

  • GI system.

  • I would take the extra time and effort to extract the relevant information and organize

  • it in a chart format.

  • The process of creating this chart was enough to improve my understanding of the concepts

  • and now I also had an excellent study tool to review at a later date.

  • Number three, memorize.

  • You need to memorize the information in an active way.

  • I'll get to how to do that later.

  • And lastly, apply the information.

  • You can do practice questions from the textbook or online services.

  • Old practice tests or practice quizzes from your professor are also fantastic resources.

  • Next, let's talk about your studying environment.

  • This is an area requiring more personalization, so it's key that you figure out what works

  • best for you.

  • First, the location.

  • Do you prefer coffee shops and libraries, or studying at home?

  • If you've seen the video of my workspace, then you understand why I love working at

  • home.

  • Many people do however get easily distracted at home and that is why they prefer the coffee

  • shop or library since helps them focus on the work at hand.

  • Next, group versus solo studying.

  • Are you studying by yourself or with other people?

  • My split varied but it was roughly 50/50.

  • Maybe a little bit more time studying solo.

  • In group study the rate of reviewing material is slower but the main benefit is working

  • through and reinforcing difficult concepts while also keeping you motivated and sane.

  • That being said, groups need to be small.

  • Study with only one or two other people.

  • Groups larger than this have severely diminishing returns because you are going to get distracted

  • and your productivity will plummet.

  • One of the biggest advantages to group study is the ability to teach what you have learned.

  • This teaching reinforces the material for yourself and you also help out your friends

  • and classmates.

  • I go over how to use a strategy in my Fineman Technique video.

  • Now, there is a trade-off between novel stimuli and maintaining a routine.

  • Novel stimuli such as varying your study location has been demonstrated to improve recall and

  • retention.

  • However, for some this works directly against the benefits of a routine.

  • The routine of waking up at the same time, studying in the same place, etcetera, may

  • facilitate productivity and fight off procrastination.

  • The novel stimuli of studying in new locations and with new people may impede your ability

  • to get into the groove and maintain productivity long term.

  • I found myself studying in usually the same spaces.

  • Either I was in my med school in the empty classrooms, which is when I usually did group

  • study, or I was at home studying solo with my optimal setup.

  • Now, in terms of timing and pacing, one of my all-time favorite study hacks is the Pomodoro

  • Technique.

  • Essentially, you focus on one task, study in these 25-minute blocks, take five minute

  • breaks and it sounds very simple but it actually is super effective at fighting procrastination,

  • improving your focus and maintaining endurance.

  • I go over how you can use it most effectively in my Pomodoro video.

  • Third, let's talk about obtaining the information.

  • Generally, you're going to be obtaining information in one of two ways as a pre-med, either lecture

  • or textbooks.

  • During lecture, most of us follow along with our own copy of the Powerpoint and we just

  • take notes in the comments section.

  • This is a very passive way of learning.

  • Here are some other options to improve your methods of obtaining information.

  • First, consider writing versus typing your notes.

  • Each, of course, has its pros and cons.

  • Typing is faster which sounds great initially, but if you type faster you are able to transcribe

  • what the professor is saying verbatim.

  • That is not good.

  • This is a very passive way of taking notes.

  • By writing, you generally write much slower and therefore you have to emphasize the important

  • information and rephrase and organize it into your own words.

  • Writing in comparison to typing has also been demonstrated to improve recall possibly due

  • to the increased motor coordination required for writing.

  • When I was in med school, styluses aren't what they are today and I opted for typing

  • in some classes and writing on paper in others, particularly for my summary sheets, which

  • we'll get to later.

  • But now with the Surface Pro and the iPad Pro with Apple Pencil you can get the best

  • of both worlds.

  • Check out my video on how to most effectively take notes with the iPad and Apple Pencil.

  • Second, let's talk about lecture versus podcast.

  • Your school may offer audio or video recordings of your lectures.

  • And for me, this worked best.

  • However, there are of course distinct advantages to attending lectures in person.

  • For lecture, you have this set routine and you're surrounded by other people who are

  • doing the exact same thing.

  • It helps reduce distraction and encourages you to be engaged in the lecture at least

  • more so than if you were listening to a podcast at home.

  • You're also able to ask questions in real time.

  • But the podcast on the other hand, gives you the flexibility to watch whenever you want,

  • meaning you can watch the lecture on your own schedule when you're well-rested and feeling

  • fresh.

  • You can also watch it at increased speeds.

  • I personally opted for 1.5x or 2x playback speed.

  • Zoning out with slow speaking lectures was a big issue for me and that's why I love the

  • ability to speed up the podcast because it helped keep me engaged and focused.

  • That being said, be careful of the temptation of podcasting because it requires a great

  • deal of discipline to stay on track and not fall behind.

  • If you are the type of student who would procrastinate with podcasting, do yourself a favor and stick

  • to attending lectures instead.

  • Okay, now let's talk about rewatching lectures.

  • This is a total waste of time.

  • I understand the thought process behind it - you want to make sure you didn't miss anything

  • important and you want to reinforce the content.

  • Repetition.

  • The problem is that rewatching lectures is extremely passive, even more so than attending

  • it the first time.

  • Your time is better spent reviewing the information, synthesizing it and doing active learning,

  • questions, flashcards, etcetera.

  • Do not rewatch the lectures or re-listen to recordings.

  • Use your textbook, other resources, your classmates or your professors office hours if you need

  • clarification.

  • Now, let's move on to textbooks.

  • I used to highlight the textbooks and read my highlights several times to review prior

  • to exams, but that's obviously a terribly passive way to study.

  • Reviewing your PowerPoint slides or Word documents is equally ineffective.

  • Instead, make the process as active as you can, even at the time of initial exposure.

  • Using either your computer or notepad, summarize what you read into your own words.

  • By doing this, you are identifying the important information and organizing it in a way that

  • you will understandthis whole process will ultimately drastically improve your recall

  • during test time.

  • Lastly, let's cover memorization.

  • Memorization is arguably the toughest part of studying, at least for most students.

  • There are a few different methods you can use to memorize information much faster and

  • much more effectively.

  • First, summary sheets which some people like to call condensed notes.

  • One of the best ways to memorize is to summarize the information.

  • Let's say you have three pages of notes for one lecture.

  • Condense them into one page by organizing and restructuring the information into smaller

  • chunks.

  • And I don't just mean decreasing the font size, adjusting the margins, I mean actually

  • go through and read your notes carefully and extract the highest yield points and rephrase

  • them again into your own words.

  • This process of condensing alone is a form of active learning and it will reinforce the

  • material.

  • But now, you also have this condensed study resource that you can review at a later date.

  • One of the most powerful ways to memorize information is spaced repetition.

  • We know that repetition is key to memorization.

  • The idea here is that after each review, you can increase the interval between reviews.

  • For example, you are exposed to the information on day zero, then you see it again after 24

  • hours, then after that another 72 hours, etcetera.

  • Instead of reviewing it every day, you only review it right before you're about to forget.

  • To perform spaced repetition on your own requires a lot of scheduling and it's not feasible.

  • That's why you need to use software like Anki.

  • I have a playlist of tutorials that go over exactly how to use it.

  • I recommend that you make your own flashcards within Anki and review them daily.

  • By making your own cards (versus just taking someone else's), you are again taking advantage

  • of the active learning process.

  • Reviewing your cards daily is also key, because otherwise you won't be taking advantage of

  • the spaced repetition.

  • A big reason why flashcards are so effective is because you're using recall rather than

  • recognition.

  • Recognition shows you the right answer and you tell yourself, "Oh, yeah.

  • I recognize that."

  • Whereas recall requires you to extract the information on the fly which is ultimately

  • more similar to test day.

  • The beautiful thing about flashcards is you don't have to sit down and spend 30 or 60

  • minutes at once.

  • To get through all my cards each day I would just open the Anki app on my phone at any

  • brief moment of downtime.

  • I will go through cards when I was, you know, waiting in line at a restaurant or getting

  • groceries or waiting for a friend.

  • In those few minutes, I was able to perform a handful of cards but this adds up throughout

  • the day.

  • In order to sit down and review one lecture it's going to take you 20 minutes at least.

  • But if you do a few flashcards you just need a few minutes.

  • Now, these are all of the strategies that I honed during medical school.

  • If I went deep into each topic this video would be ten times the length.

  • If you'd like to know more about memorization, Pomodoro, the Fineman Technique, or any other

  • study strategy that I mentioned in this video, there are links down in the description to

  • teach you more.

  • Let me know down in the comments what your favorite study hack is or if you want me to

  • cover another study strategy in an upcoming video.

  • Thank you all so much for watching.

  • Happy studying.

  • Good luck.

  • And I will see you guys in that next one.

  • [Music]

I would bet that you are not studying anywhere nearly as effectively as you could be.

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減少學習,聰明學習--我希望我在大學裡知道的事情。 (Study LESS, Study SMART – What I Wish I Knew in College)

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    Summer 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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