Name: 邁克爾-桑德爾：正義什麼是正確的事第10集《好公民》。 (Michael Sandel：Justice What's The Right Thing To Do Episode 10 THE GOOD CITIZEN)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:59:59.000Z
Duration: 55 min 8 s
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from questions of  moral desert and virtue.

Aristotle disagrees  with Kant and Rawls.

Aristotle argues that justice is a matter of giving people what they deserve.

And the central idea of  Aristotle's theory of justice

is that in reasoning  about justice and rights

to reason about the purpose,  or the end, or the telos,

Yes, justice requires giving equal things  to equal persons,

but the question immediately arises, in any debate about justice,

And Aristotle says we need to fill in  the answer to that question

or the purpose, of the thing we're distributing.

And so we discussed  Aristotle's example of flutes;

And Aristotle's answer was  the best flute-players.

The best flute-player  should get the best flute

It's a way of rewarding the virtue  of the great flute-player.

and this is what we are going to explore today,

is that it's not quite so easy  to dispense with teleological reasoning

when we're thinking  about social institutions

In general it's hard  to do without teleology

when we're thinking about  ethics, justice, and moral argument.

And I would like to bring out  the force in Aristotle's claim

One is an example that Aristotle  spends quite a bit of time discussing;

How should political offices  and honors,

how should political rule  be distributed?

The second example is a contemporary debate about golf

and whether the  Professional Golfers Association

should be required  to allow Casey Martin,

of Aristotle's teleological way  of thinking about justice.

And that is that when we attend  to the telos, or the purpose,

sometimes we disagree and argue  about what the purpose

of a social practice  really consists in.

part of what's at stake  in those disagreements

are often, simultaneously,  debates about honor.

in the case of Aristotle's  account of politics.

When we discuss  distributive justice these days

we're mainly concerned with the distribution of income and wealth and opportunity.

to be mainly not  about income and wealth

How should political authority  be distributed?

How did he go about  answering those questions?

Well, in line with his  teleological account of justice,

Aristotle argues that to know how  political authority should be distributed

we have, first, to inquire  into the purpose, the point,

And, how does this help us  decide who should rule?

Well, for Aristotle the answer  to that question is,

It's about cultivating  the virtue of citizens.

The end of the State, the end of the political community,

he tells us in  Book Three of the Politics,

is not mere life, it's not economic exchange only,

That's what politics is for  according to Aristotle.

You might say, "Well, maybe this shows us why those modern theorists of justice,

Because remember,  for Kant and for Rawls,

the point of politics is not to shape  the moral character of citizens.

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邁克爾-桑德爾：正義什麼是正確的事第10集《好公民》。 (Michael Sandel：Justice What's The Right Thing To Do Episode 10 THE GOOD CITIZEN)

debate

essential

purpose

good