Name: (KAMAKURA - RISE AND FALL OF THE SHOGUNS Episode 4.)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T11:00:46.000Z
Duration: 59 min 53 s
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Although the Kamakura Shogunate lasted a century and a half,

關係子句

creating a medieval system of government that lasted until the 19th century,

the downfall of Kamakura as the capital has its roots in the aftermath of the death

As he approached adulthood, a time when he would

assume power for himself, the second shogun, Yoriie, was sidelined,

and eventually exiled, by the Hojo family.

And he was found, murdered in the bath, in his place of exile, in the Izu peninsula.

Yoriie had a son, Kazuhata. But he never became shogun,

his mother, and his mother's family, the Hiki family.

And the only survivor of this slaughter of the Hiki family, and the rightful shogun

was Yoshimoto Hiki. And he came here, and built this temple, and this tomb,

Although the Hojo installed Yoriie's younger brother,

he would prove to be the last Minamoto ruler...

On a bleak and snowy midwinter night in 1219, the third Minamoto shogun, Sanetomo

was leaving a Shinto ceremony, at the Tsurugaoka Hachimangu shrine,

when a figure, brandishing a sword leapt out at him, from behind one of the ancient gingko trees,

and decapitated the last Minamoto shogun.

The assassin was Kugyo, son of the second shogun,

who shouted 'I am Kugyo, avenging the death of my father!'.

The deaths of the second and third shoguns left power in the hands

of the Hojo clan, who ruled with the backing of the samurai, whose support

the Hojo had carefully solicited, nurtured, and gained.

Yet after these early power struggles, the Hojo, with the backing of the samurai brought

peace, justice, and security to Japan. And the Kamakura Shogunate saw off

From the time of the zenith of Hojo power,

just after the Mongol wars, the Shogunate began to neglect the samurai though.

And this would prove to be a disastrous mistake. For when it became clear that

the Mongols were never returning, the samurai turned their attention and their resentment

Episode 4: Sunset of the Shoguns - Kamakura's decline.

The Hojo lords of Kamakura, like their Minamoto predecessors were

patrons of Buddhism. But in the Hojo era, many new forms of Buddhism arose,

This Zen temple, Dentsu-ji, like many temples, carries the insignia of the Hojo family.

These Daruma dolls are named after Bodhidharma, the founder of Zen Buddhism.

He was an Indian monk who traveled in China. And he preached that meditation

was the best way to reach enlightenment. And he believed it to such an extent that

it was said he sat facing a wall, meditating for 10 years, and lost the use

of his legs, his arms, and his eyes - that's why the dolls look like this.

So people buy these dolls and paint the eyes back in, hoping to get good luck

or have a dream come true. But don't paint both eyes in, mind - paint the last one in,

This is the Daruma doll scrapheap. I guess most people's dreams came true,

Zen Buddhism appealed to the samurai, in ways that

with its emphasis on single-minded action, rather than esoteric abstraction.

Unlike earlier esoteric forms of Buddhism,

focused on our place in a cosmological structure, with exoteric planes,

Zen emphasized the necessity to take responsibility

for one's own enlightenment, and making sense of the material universe through one's own efforts.

To the samurai - these medieval men of action - Zen caught on like wildfire.

No town in the world - even Kyoto, even in China - is more synonymous now with Zen, than Kamakura.

Hojo Tokimune, the leader of the Shogunate during the Mongol wars

had gained courage and sustenance, from Zen, during the Mongol invasions and had

built a grand temple - Engaku-ji - to celebrate the final defeat of the Mongols.

But it was this insistence on the part of the Shogunate,

to reward temples and shrines, monks and priests, over samurai, that caused such a ruinous rift...

Suenaga Takezaki - a samurai -  who had, by his own account, defended against,

repelled, and slaughtered Mongols, and manned the defenses for 20 more years,

in case they ever returned, went to Kamakura, taking with him a pictorial scroll,

Suenaga Takezaki asked the Shogunate to reward him - a loyal samurai - for his

decades of faithful service to the Shogunate and Japan.

But no reward was forthcoming, to Takezaki, or to any samurai.

The Shogunate, in placing credit for victory against the Mongols

squarely with the Kamikaze wind and the gods

only rewarded the temples and shrines whose monks and priests

But this neglect of the samurai would prove to be disastrous, for the Kamakura Shogunate.

The Kamikaze wind may have caused havoc among the Mongol fleets,

but it was the samurai, who delivered the knockout blows.

Hojo Masako had rallied the samurai, in the early days of the Kamakura Shogunate.

But her later kinsmen would neglect them.

Samurai discontent was given shape by the rebellion of Go-Daigo, the emperor.

A coalition arose, between Go-Daigo and a warlord, Nitta Yoshisada -

a distant relation of the Minamoto - who both felt that the Hojo had no legitimacy,

Ever since the Emperor Go-Toba's unsuccessful uprising against the Shogunate, in 1221,

the Hojo had kept a close eye on the imperial house - often deciding who succeeded who as emperor.

But in 1331, the first serious imperial uprising in over a century took place,

when the emperor Go-Daigo refused to step down, and rose in open revolt.

Like his predecessor Go-Toba, Go-Daigo's  first rebellion failed, because as we've seen,

imperial forces were no match for samurai.

Go-Toba could never find enough disgruntled samurai - the warriors stayed loyal,

But in Go-Daigo's time, there were plenty of disgruntled samurai...

Samurai resentment, on being neglected by the Hojo

was compounded, by the degenerate behavior of the Hojo leaders...

where one of the most debauched acts of the decadent Hojo Takatoki,

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(KAMAKURA - RISE AND FALL OF THE SHOGUNS Episode 4.)

period

structure

claim

reward