What does carbonated water do to your body?

碳酸水會對你的身體做出什麼事？

As a species, we love carbonated drinks.

人類普遍都喜愛碳酸飲料。

The fizz on our tongues; that distinct, sharp, stinging sensation⏤bubbles can just make our drinks more fun.

在我們舌頭上的的氣泡、那顯著、強烈、微刺的口感，這些泡泡可以讓我們的飲品變得更有趣。

But carbonation also gets a bad rap.

但碳酸化也會遭受不公指責。

See, to make a fizzy drink, you need to saturate your super cold liquid with carbon dioxide under high pressure.

是這樣的，要製作碳酸飲品，你必須在極高壓環境下在極冷的液體當中填充二氧化碳。

And when that CO2 dissolves in water, it creates carbonic acid.

而當二氧化碳在水中溶解時，會製造碳酸。

According to some places on the internet, that acid disintegrates the enamel of your teeth or even causes kidney stones, neither of which sound any good.

網路上有些文章指出，那種酸會分解你牙齒上的琺瑯質，甚至引起腎結石，兩者聽起來都不是好事。

But the truth is, that is not carbonation or carbonic acid's fault.

但事實是，那並非碳酸化或是碳酸的錯。

Instead, another acid is to blame, one that isn't found in bubbly water at all: phosphoric acid.

需被怪罪的反而是另一種酸，一種氣泡水中完全找不到的物質：磷酸。

Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless acid made from the mineral phosphorus.

磷酸是由磷礦物質製成、無色且無味的一種酸。

And it gets added to dark-colored colas for flavor because it's tart, which helps balance the sweetness of all the added sugar.

它會被加入深色的可樂以調味，因為它的酸度會幫助平衡所有添加糖分的甜味。

It also helps prevent bacteria and mold growth, and those things can thrive in sugary mixtures, and they are not things we want in our colas.

它也會幫助預防細菌與黴菌滋生，而這些都是可能在甜味混合物中存活、我們不希望在可樂中出現的東西。

Overall, phosphorous isn't bad; it's actually an important mineral for human health.

整體而言，磷沒有壞處，它其實有助人體健康的重要礦物質。

Our bodies use it for a slew of things from creating healthy teeth and strong bones to maintaining kidney function to storing energy.

我們的身體會在很多地方用到它，從生長健康的牙齒以及強健骨骼到維繫腎臟功能以儲存能量都有。

It's even in DNA and RNA.

它甚至存在 DNA 與 RNA 之中。

But too much phosphorus can be a problem, especially when it's artificially added to food and drinks.

但磷過剩可能會是一個問題，尤其當它被人工加入食物、飲品中時。

A lot of foods are naturally phosphorus-rich, but your body only partially absorbs this organic phosphorus.

許多食物本身就富含磷，但你的身體只會吸收這個有機物質的一部分。

Meanwhile, your body absorbs 100% of inorganic phosphorus that's added to food and drinks like the phosphoric acid in colas.

同時，你的身體會百分之百吸收添加到食物、飲品當中的非有機磷，如可樂當中的磷酸。

And that can lead to an excessive amount of it in the body.

而那可能會導致體內磷含量過高。

And that has some consequences.

那會有一些後果。

For instance, phosphoric acid is thought to cause kidney stones.

舉例而言，磷酸被認為會引起腎結石。

The most common of these are made from calcium oxalate, and studies have found that phosphoric acid changes urine composition and causes a rise in oxalate.

其中最普遍的是草酸鈣，而研究指出，磷酸會改變尿意組成並引起草酸鈣提升。

This extra oxalate can then crystallize in the bladder and cause kidney stones.

這多出來的草酸鈣可能會接在膀胱裡結晶並引起腎結石。

Besides that, this acid also isn't great for your teeth; since it's acidic, it's proven to erode the enamel of your pearly whites.

此外，這種酸對你的牙齒也不太好，因為它屬於酸性，已經被證明會侵蝕潔白牙齒的珐瑯質。

These are both things the carbonic acid in bubbly water gets blamed for.

這兩件事都是氣泡水中碳酸被歸咎的事情。

But, really, carbonic acid is much weaker than the phosphoric stuff.

但事實是，碳酸比磷要弱得多了。

I mean, it's still an acid, and in a study, researchers did find that sparkling mineral water dissolved slightly more tooth enamel than regular water.

我的意思是，它仍然是酸，而在一項研究中，研究人員確實有發現氣泡礦泉水溶解的牙齒珐瑯質比一般的水稍微多一些。

But thanks to the lack of sugar and phosphoric acid⏤plus all those extra minerals in there⏤it was also a hundred times better than soft drinks.

但多虧了其中缺乏的糖和磷酸，加上其中所有額外的礦物質，它也比軟性飲料好一百倍。

And since carbonic acid also doesn't contain any phosphorous, that means it doesn't increase your risk for kidney stones, either.

由於碳酸也不含有任何磷，那表示它也不會提升你長腎結石的風險。

Now, don't take all this to mean you should never, ever, under any circumstances, drink a cola⏤like doctors say, moderation is key.

現在可別把這些當作你不論在什麼狀況下都不該喝可樂，畢竟醫生也都說了，關鍵是適量。

But it does mean that we can all⏤thank you, please⏤stop blaming fizzy water.

但這不表示我們都可以停止怪罪氣泡水，沒錯，謝謝。

If you want to learn more about acid chemistry, you can check out Brilliant's course "The Chemical Reaction" after this.

如果想要學習更多關於酸化學的知識，可以在看完影片之後參考 Brilliant 的「化學反應」課程。

Brilliant keeps the explanations simple and easy to follow in this course, and they focus on puzzles and patterns to help you understand how reactions work and why.

Brilliant 在課程當中，使用了易懂及可輕易跟上的說明，並專注在利用謎題以及圖像幫助你了解反應的運作以及成因。

Like their other courses, this one is also available offline on their iOS and Android apps.

如同他們其它課程，這堂課也可以透過 iOS 或安卓應用程式線下使用。

If you want to check it out, you can go to brilliant.org/SciShow.

如果你想要看看，可以前往 Brilliant.org/SciShow。

And as our way of saying thanks, the first 200 people to sign up there will get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

為了表達我們的感謝，在那裡註冊的前 200 名用戶可以獲得全年優選訂閱方案的八折優惠。