Scishow, DFTBA Records, VidCon, the ceaseless juggernaut that is 2D Glasses. And Hank, your

companies employ dozens of people, none of whom work for the federally mandated minimum

wage of 7 dollars 25 cents per hour.

But Hank, let's imagine that your next project is a fast food restaurant, "Corndogs and Sodium".

What impact would raising the federal minimum wage have on you and your employees? At first

glance it seems like a no brainer: any minimum wage is terrible, both for "Corndogs and Sodium"

and for its employees. The Econ 101 argument goes like this: the free market is going to

set wages where they need to be, like if you want to pay 5 dollars an hour for "Corndogs

and Sodium" employees, but no one takes the job for 5 dollars an hour, you're gonna have

to pay more.

You'll increase your wages until you can attract the kind of employees that you need to, you

know, batter and fry and serve encased, cast-off pig meat. And we know that economies tend

to grow less when governments set and control prices, so higher minimum wages restrict economic

growth. Plus, unemployment will go up because of minimum wage is 10 dollars per hour, "Corndogs

and Sodium" could only afford to hire one person.

But if there was an unrestricted wage market, then they could attract two people who'd be

willing to work for 5 dollars an hour each. So in the end, setting a minimum wage is an

attempt to alleviate poverty, that actually increases it. However Hank, surprisingly enough,

it turns out that actual labour markets are a lot more complex than the models of labor

markets created by college freshmen.

This brings us to a famous study by two economists, David Card and Alan Kreuger. So in 1992, the

state of New Jersey raised its minimum wage 18.8 percent. Pennsylvania, right next door,

did not raise its minimum wage. Card and Krueger had the bright idea to go to the border of

New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and do employment surveys on either side of it. And what they

found is that restaurant employment in New Jersey actually increased when the minimum

wage went up. Since then, a bunch of other studies have confirmed Card and Krueger's

findings, while some have found that there actually are negative effects to employment

when you raise the minimum wage, although it's surprisingly and consistently mild.

Why? Well, a bunch of reasons. For one, the minimum wage is probably near where the market

would set it. But also, low-wage workers tend to spend most of their pay raises, which leads

to increased economic activity, which in turn leads to more jobs. And higher wages also

mean less turnover, which leads to lower costs of training, and hiring, and firing.

On the downside, higher wages are also associated with higher prices on goods and services that

rely on low-wage labor, which means that your corndogs, Hank, would probably be a little

bit more expensive. So Hank, the larger question is whether raising the minimum wage actually

reduces poverty. And on that front, there is growing consensus that at least in the

medium run, it does. A number of big recent studies have shown that raising the minimum

wage 10 percent reduces the number of people in poverty by about 2.5 percent.

Even many opponents of the minimum wage acknowledge this, but it's important to know that like,

that won't always work. At some point, raising the minimum wage will lead to inflation and

slower job creation. It's just not clear where that point is. But it's just as disingenuous

to call the minimum wage a "job-killer", as it is to say that the minimum wage is gonna

fix economic inequality. In short Hank, in economics, there's no such thing as a "free

lunch", but when it comes to reducing poverty without affecting employment, higher minimum

wages seem at least to be the cheapest lunch available.

But ultimately, Hank, now that I'm, I guess, an employer, I'm more persuaded by the personal

argument. We found that paying a living wage, which we would do even if we opened "Corndogs

and Sodium", leads to happier, more productive employees. Now, I know that's hard to quantify,

but it's also what's allowed VidCon and DFTBA Records to retain employees for years and

years, and grow sustainably.

Now Hank, obviously I am not an economist, although I did win a bronze medal in Economics

at the Alabama State Academic Decathlon tournament in 1993, but our strategy has worked out pretty

well for us so far, and it's also working in much larger companies like Costco. Hank,

the United States is a rich country, and I think there's a growing body of evidence that

the US doesn't benefit from having poor workers. Of course raising the minimum wage isn't gonna

fix that problem, but I hope at least we can begin to have a nuanced conversation about

the problem. Hank, I'll see you on Friday.