Name: 咖啡可以壯陽！？揭曉咖啡不為人知的歷史 (Sperm, skulls and scandal... the hidden history of coffee | Episode 2 | BBC Ideas)
Uploaded: 2020-04-29T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 3 min 20 s

基礎被動語態

Globally, over two billion cups of coffee are consumed every day.

全球每天有超過 20 億杯咖啡被消耗掉。

In Britain alone, we need around 95 million cups to keep us going from dawn 'til dusk.

就單論英國而言，我們一天需要 9500 萬杯咖啡讓我們度過一天。

過去完成式

But 450 years ago, Western Europe had barely even heard of it.

但 450 年前，西歐幾乎還沒什麼聽說過它。

Coffee's roots lie in Ethiopia, where the wild plant grew.

咖啡源自於衣索比亞，那裡是野生咖啡生長的地方。

People slowly started to realise that the dried fruit, when roasted and ground, could be used to produce a beverage which was curiously addictive, and gave its drinker a bit of a buzz.

人們逐漸開始了解，這種乾果經烘焙並研磨後，可以產生一種令人上癮，並為飲用者帶來類似於酒醉暈眩感的飲料。

Coffee is, let's face it, an acquired taste.

我們老實說，咖啡是要多試幾次才會喜歡上它的東西。

Early Western drinkers were fascinated by it, recognising its potential as a drink which was ideal for business.

早期西方的飲用者為咖啡著迷，並意識到了隱藏在這飲料之中潛在的商業利益。

Wine and beer were great, but they weren't always conducive to delicate negotiations which required a clear head.

紅酒和啤酒也很好，但它們對於需要有清晰的大腦來進行縝密的談判時不太有利。

When Westerners brought the drink back to Britain, reactions were polarized, including one description of it as:

當西方人將這種飲料帶回英國時收到的反應很兩極，包括一個回應如下：

"Pluto's diet-drink, that witches tipple out of dead men's skulls."

「這是來自陰間的飲品，由女巫從死者頭顱裡倒出來的。」

The first coffee house in the U.K. opened in Oxford in 1651, followed by London, and they quickly became sort of proto-clubs.

英國第一間咖啡店於 1651 年開幕於牛津，後來在倫敦也接著開幕，他們隨即成為某種俱樂部的原型。

There were coffee houses for all sorts, from bankers to merchants, literati to men about town, and they were often heavily politicized.

那時有位各種不同職業開設的咖啡館，從銀行家到商人，文人雅士再到花花公子，通常都是與政治有高度相關的人士。

Charles II tried to ban them for encouraging sedition.

查理二世曾試著禁止這些咖啡館營業，以避免這些人煽動叛亂。

Many subscribed to journals and newspapers for their clientele and, since a dish of coffee cost only a penny, they became known as the "penny universities."

許多咖啡館為其客戶訂閱期刊與報紙，而因為一杯咖啡只有銅板價，這些咖啡館也被稱為「銅板大學」。

They were, however, only for men, and coffee quickly became seen as a masculine drink.

而因為咖啡廳曾為男性專屬，咖啡也迅速成為一種充滿雄性氣息的飲料。

Even today, men drink more coffee than women.

甚至到了今天，男性喝的咖啡也比女性還多。

Like anything new, and foreign, there were those who feared it, and one blistering attack in 1674 claimed it caused impotence.

就像任何新的事物，總是會有人對此感到恐懼，其中 1674 年一個對咖啡的強烈抨擊聲稱，咖啡會導致陽痿。

“Excessive use of that newfangled, abominable, heathenish liquor called coffee, which... drying up the radical moisture, has so eunucht our husbands… that they… as unfruitful as those deserts where that unhappy berry is said to be brought.”

「過度飲用這種新奇、可惡又異端，稱之為『咖啡』的液體，榨乾了我們老公的陽氣使他們雄風不再…而他們就如同產出這種令人不悅的果實的那些沙漠一樣貧瘠。」

Others claimed it had exactly the opposite effect, answering that it: "Makes the erection more vigorous, the ejaculation more full, and adds a spiritualescency to the sperm."

其他人則聲稱了完全相反的效果，回答道：「使得勃起更加威武，射精子彈滿膛，精子更添靈性。」

The taste still put many people off, but the British habit of drinking it with milk and sugar, like their tea, helped.

它的味道仍讓許多人卻步，但英國人的習慣是加牛奶跟糖一起享用，就像他們喝茶一樣，這也幫了喝咖啡一個忙。

By the 18th Century it was established as a part of British life, emerging out of coffee houses and into its place as an after-dinner drink.

到了 18 世紀，它已經成為英國人的生活的一部分，不再僅限於咖啡館，成為晚餐後的飲料。

In the 19th Century coffee was still pretty bad, until the Italian invention of the espresso machine which forced pressurised water through a small amount of ground beans—a huge step forward from simply steeping coffee and filtering it, and then keeping it warm for hours until needed.

在 19 世紀咖啡嚐起來仍然差強人意，直到義大利人發明了咖啡機，迫使壓力水通過少量的研磨豆，簡單的浸潤並過濾使咖啡向前邁進了一大步，並且直到需要時可以保溫數小時。

Italian coffee culture, with its futuristic and gleaming coffee machines and aura of effortless cool, spread across the Western world.

充滿未來感、閃閃發光的咖啡機還有輕鬆自在的氛圍使義大利的咖啡文化廣播了整個西方世界。

Their rules, well... ruled, including tenets such as never drink a cappuccino after lunch.

他們規定，嗯...曾經規定，包括午餐後絕對不能喝卡布奇諾。

The last 20 years have seen the rise of new types of coffee: long, flavoured American drinks, along with the Antipodean flat whites.

最近 20 年有許多不同種咖啡的出現，例如長黑美式或風味美式，以及地中海馥列白咖啡。

We've also adopted a new way of drinking it.

Wandering down the street coffee cup in hand is such a ubiquitous sight now that it's hard to remember this is a recent fad.

走在街上手上拿著一杯咖啡是如此常見的景象，實在很難記得這其實是最近才興起的潮流。

It's a fundamental part of hipster identity, along with beards and vintage cardis [cardigans], knowing your cold brew from your nitro is vital.

這是時髦人士身份展現很基本的一部分，其中包括蓄鬍以及古著羊毛衣，還有知道你的氮氣冷萃咖啡也很重要。

Society and coffee have moved on a lot in 450 years.

這個社會，還有咖啡，在過去 450 年已經進步了很多。

So, here's to coffee, with a side of sedition, sociability and amazing cool.

所以，這裡敬咖啡的煽動性、社交性還有，你超酷。

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不要忘記按下訂閱還有小鈴鐺還收到關於新影片的任何訊息。