Name: 鐵殼的深海蝸牛 (The Deep-Sea Snail with an Iron Shell)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:31:01.000Z
Duration: 4 min 32 s
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Go to brilliant dot org's slashed I show to learn more deep below the Indian Ocean.

關係子句

In some of the most extreme environments on earth, there's a snail that has developed a unique, an incredible strategy for protecting itself from danger.

It's called the Scalea Foot Snail or Chris Um, Alan's Guam affair.

Um, if you want to get technical, its name comes from the hundreds of stiff, dark scales that cover its fleshy foot, the part of the snail's body it uses to scooch a rail.

Thes sales were first reported in 2001 living near hydrothermal vents on the sea floor.

They hang out in the geothermal e heated waters, while bacteria in their throats provide nutrients for them, and scientists were immediately intrigued by the snails bizarre armored appearance.

Then, under closer inspection, things got even weirder.

It turns out those dark scales and the snails shells are coated in a layer of iron.

Specifically, they contain iron sulfide compounds, which are molecular combinations of iron and sulphur.

In this case, the compounds are mainly pyrite, a mineral commonly called Fool's gold and Grieg ight, a mineral similar to magnetite, which makes the scales and shells slightly magnetic.

Interestingly, the snails on Lee wear this suit of armor some of the time.

As of 2018 this species has been spotted at three different hydrothermal vent locations in the Indian Ocean and at one of those locations, the water's lack iron sulfide, which is likely why the snails do, too.

But in the other two spots where the venting fluids are rich in iron compounds, the snails were somehow able to harness the minerals for themselves.

No other animal was known to incorporate iron into its skeleton or, in this case, exo skeleton.

So scientists have been trying to figure out how these snails acquire their suits of armor and what they're used for.

At first, researchers suspected the iron might come from bacteria that thrive and hydrothermal waters, specifically bacteria that can survive the lack of oxygen because they essentially breathe sulfate instead.

A process which produces iron sulfides is a side effect.

But a 2006 study found that the chemical signature of the snails iron is a better match for the iron rich hydrothermal fluids than anything forged by bacteria, So the snail seemed to be building their own armor, using iron from the water around them.

See the iron in the water near these buns can naturally react with certain kinds of sulfur to make iron sulfide.

So the idea is, by regulating where and how this sulfur is available, the snails might have control over the formation of their mineral armor.

Exactly how they do this, though, isn't clear.

As for why they have this armor will protection from predators seems to be an obvious answer.

A 2010 study found that the iron shell has a multilayered structure that makes it extra resistant to fracturing or bending.

On top of that, the foot skills air purportedly harder and stiffer than the enamel coating on your teeth.

So the snail armor seems pretty perfect for resisting any attacks from the predatory crabs and snails in its ecosystem.

It may even serve as a model for humans to build extra strong materials, but we'll need to be careful not to wipe out the snails first.

See in 2018 they were officially classified as an endangered species because the vents they live on our targeted for mineral mining.

Some of their habitat has likely already been disturbed, but hopefully we can keep them around and they'll have a lot more to teach us.

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鐵殼的深海蝸牛 (The Deep-Sea Snail with an Iron Shell)

incredible

obvious

engage

strategy