Hello, Twitch.

My name is Colton Ogden and I'm joined today by Kareem Zidane.

Kareem, want to introduce yourself?

KAREEM ZIDANE: Yeah, hi, everyone.

My name is Kareem ZIdane.

I am a preceptor here at Harvard.

I work here with CS50, mostly doing software development stuff,

DevOps stuff, system administration.

COLTON OGDEN: Nice.

And some folks refer to you as Kareem the dream, is this correct?

Shout out to Spencer [INAUDIBLE].

KAREEM ZIDANE: [INAUDIBLE] yes.

COLTON OGDEN: Today we're doing the Kareem the dream stream.

KAREEM ZIDANE: OK, I did not see that coming.

COLTON OGDEN: And what are we talking about today on the stream?

KAREEM ZIDANE: We are going to be exploring a little bit

of the basics of git and GitHub.

COLTON OGDEN: OK, nice, nice.

For folks unfamiliar, what is git and GitHub sort of in a sentence or two?

KAREEM ZIDANE: So git is a distributed version control system, also known

as source control system, and git is usually

used to track changes in files and directory structures of our project.

And you can imagine this is quite handy for us developers

because we tend to do a lot of changes.

We always add features, fix bugs, refactor, improve stuff, and so on.

So you can imagine this gets quite handy to keep track of these changes,

be able to revert back to some of them, be able to build on top of them.

Git also stores these changes really efficiently.

It only stores the things that are necessary in this case,

so we don't have to worry about duplicating the whole codebase that we

have or duplicating all the files in our product.

It only stores the files that changed.

Another cool feature of git is that it also

allows us to work on different parts of the project, at once if you want to

or different features at once.

And this is also quite handy because, you can imagine,

we try to experiment with something or fix a bug or try to add a feature,

and we're not really sure that that's going to work out well or not.

So git really makes it easy as well to do this kind of thing.

And lastly, git also allows us to collaborate with other people

pretty easily when used, in particular, with a hosting service like GitHub.

COLTON OGDEN: Sure.

And I know we use GitHub all the time in CS50.

But for folks unfamiliar, do we want to show them what GitHub looks like

and maybe just give a couple of sentences of what GitHub itself is?

I'm going to pull up our other view here just so we can see.

That's actually your-- that is your computer?

KAREEM ZIDANE: That's my computer here.

COLTON OGDEN: Perfect.

KAREEM ZIDANE: And this is how GitHub looks like.

GitHub is a hosting service.

We're going to talk a little bit about GitHub later,

but this is what GitHub looks like.

If you don't really have a GitHub account

you should probably go ahead and create one.

Let me sign out of mine here.

And if the internet helps, we go to github.com/join you should be able

to create a new account if you don't have one.

COLTON OGDEN: OK.

And so git is what we use at the command line or whatever.

The actual tool.

And then GitHub is where we can push our code

and store it and let other people see it and work on it, right?

KAREEM ZIDANE: True.

We're going to discuss this in a bit more detail later on.

Git, yes, is mainly a command line tool, but it also

has graphical user interfaces if you'd like to use a graphical user interface.

I personally use it on the command line, which is easier for me.

But you can definitely download a graphical user interface for it

and use it.

COLTON OGDEN: OK, cool.

Well, let's get started.

KAREEM ZIDANE: So the first thing that we need to do

is, of course, get git installed.

COLTON OGDEN: Hi, Kareem and Colton.

Hi, Elias.

Good to see you again from Morocco.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Thank you so much.

COLTON OGDEN: Why don't you read--

I can't see what the--

it's in blue text.

Irene says-- why don't you read Irene's message there too?

KAREEM ZIDANE: If I'm not mistaken, if I recall correctly,

her name should be pronounced as I-re-neh.

COLTON OGDEN: Oh, I-re-neh.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Yeah, but maybe--

please correct me if I'm wrong.

COLTON OGDEN: TIL.

KAREEM ZIDANE: This is really exciting for me

as well because this is actually my first ever livestream.

I've never been on a livestream before, so this is exclusive to you, Colton.

COLTON OGDEN: Oh, yeah.

This is true.

Irene basically said, Kareem the dream stream on screen.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Oh, my god.

COLTON OGDEN: I'm just really building it up.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Why did you start this?

COLTON OGDEN: Hi, Kareem, good to see you here.

Hi, Colton.

Hi, Irene.

Good to see you.

Or I-re-neh, if Kareem's pronunciation is correct.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Yup.

COLTON OGDEN: OK, somebody from Egypt.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Oh, cool.

Great, Hi, good to see you.

I can't see the username quite well.

[INAUDIBLE] I think I know.

I think I know him.

[? Muhammad ?] [INAUDIBLE].

All right, that's great.

Hello from Spain.

We have different people from all around the world.

COLTON OGDEN: And [INAUDIBLE] is as regular as well.

He's been on the game [INAUDIBLE].

Good to see you.

Thanks for coming in again today.

All right.

KAREEM ZIDANE: So the first thing that we

need to do in this case is, of course, download and install git.

Git has installers for at least Mac OS, Windows, and Linux.

I'm going to be using the Linux, specifically Ubuntu 18.10.

I don't know.

Maybe 18.10.

I don't think it should make a difference how you install git

on this, on Ubuntu in general.

So the first thing that you need to do, if you haven't done this already,

is to download and install git.

Maybe follow the documentation here on how to do that.

In my case, I'm just going to apt-get update to make sure that I have

the latest--

to make sure that my package manager knows about the latest versions

of packages that are available.

apt-get install git.

This is how I think you would install git on Linux.

Yes, I'm sure I want to install all these dependencies, excuse me.

And once this is done to verify that git is installed,

you can just to git --version and it should tell you that you have git.

COLTON OGDEN: By the way, just included the chat box.

We ere missing the chat box there in the video.

KAREEM ZIDANE: OK, that's great.

So now that we have git installed, the first thing that we want to do

is create a git repository or initialize a git repository to be specific.

And I think there are two cases here.

The first case is you are starting from scratch

and you have an empty directory.

Let's call this project or my project or whatever.

And you can just go inside of this directory using the cd command.

And the way to initialize this git repository or project--

or in other words say, hey, git, I want you

to track the changes in this project--

is by running git init.

And git should reply, initializing the git repository in root,

workspace, the path to your project.

and then creates this .git directory that we're not going to really worry

about it too much for now.

But this is how we initialize a git project.

This should work pretty much the same if you already

have a project in this case.

So let me try to remove this project first, and I do have a thing froshims.

I'm going to use David's froshims example from lecture.

So I'm just going to copy this recursively here.

Now I'm going to get in it to initialize this project.

And now we have git tracking this project or this folder.

A question that you would find yourself asking pretty frequently

is hey, git, what's the status of this project.

What changed, what didn't change, and so on?

COLTON OGDEN: I lose track, definitely, all the time if I'm making changes

to files over and over again.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Yeah.

So the way to do this is actually literally by running git status.

And in this case, git you tell us what changed and what not in this case.

COLTON OGDEN: So if we installed git, we run git init first,

which basically says, OK, this is a new git project.

I want to be able to start tracking the files.

And then, once I start editing, then it can call git status

and then that will show me basically what I've made changes to.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Yeah, you can pretty much run git status at any point.

You don't have to make a change.

You can just [INAUDIBLE].

I run git status all the time to see if I made a change or not at some point.

COLTON OGDEN: Sure.

We've got a couple of messages in the chat.

It says I-re-neh--

I got to get used to pronouncing that.

Kareem pronounced it perfectly, I-re-neh,

but I'm using the English pronunciation too.

I'll try to remember that.

It's going to take me a little bit of breaking the habit.

And then, [INAUDIBLE] says we can use the [INAUDIBLE] IDE

and not worry about the installation process.

That's true, right?

KAREEM ZIDANE: Yeah, that's a great point.

Git is already preinstalled inside of the CS50 IDE,

so if you want to get started right away without having

to worry about installing this, you can just go to CS50 and login

into your workspace.

COLTON OGDEN: And [INAUDIBLE] I think is maybe alluding to the same thing.

He says, glad to be here.

Downloaded it, yet to install on Windows 10.

He opened the IDE for now.

So I think maybe he's saying he wasn't able to get it all working on Windows

10 and he's using the CS50 IDE.

KAREEM ZIDANE: Yeah, that's great.

If you want to follow along right now and you don't have it installed,

feel free, of course, to log into your CS50 IDE

and you should have git installed there.

COLTON OGDEN: OK, cool.

So we talked about installing it, we talked about git init

and then git status.

So now that we be able to track, I'm guessing it's a--

KAREEM ZIDANE: So the first thing that I wanted

to explain before we go deeper into this is

to understand the difference between these three main parts.

Can we see all this?

COLTON OGDEN: I think we can switch to--

oh, I don't know if we have just a--

I can move us.

I can move us.

KAREEM ZIDANE: I can also resize my window [INAUDIBLE]..

COLTON OGDEN: Let me go to the editor and then just do a little bit of this.

Just move us right off screen.

And then I'll move the chat box as well.

Let's try that.

KAREEM ZIDANE: OK.

This sounds great.

So this image is from the official git documentation,

and it shows us the difference between three areas or three

states in which the files can be in.

The first one of them on the left is the working directory,

and this is pretty much our folder where we make changes to our file.

There is a second place called the staging area,

or the index as it's sometimes called, and this