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  • Nitrogen is everywhere.

    氮無處不在。

  • It's a fundamental building block of life.

    它是生命的基本組成部分。

  • It makes up 78% of the atmosphere, AND it's in these tiny micro bubbles,

    它佔大氣層的 78%,而且存在於這些微小的氣泡中、

  • in my Starbucks 'Nitro-Cold Brew.'

    在我的星巴克 "硝基冷啤酒 "中。

  • And yes, this episode is sponsored by Starbucks.

    沒錯,本期節目由星巴克贊助。

  • They challenged me to liquify nitrogen out of the air,

    他們挑戰我從空氣中液化氮氣、

  • and that's what I'm gonna be doing in this video.

    這就是我在本視頻中要做的。

  • But first I'm gonna try Nitro Cold Brew for the first time...

    但首先,我要第一次嘗試硝化冷啤酒

  • [Drinking the nitro cold brew]

    [喝硝基冷飲]

  • Mmmm

  • It's subtly sweet without having to add sugar,

    無需加糖,就有微微的甜味、

  • and obviously it's cold and frothy,

    很明顯,它又冷又多泡、

  • and I'm gonna explain why nitrogen makes this possible.

    我將解釋為什麼氮氣能讓這一切成為可能。

  • But first I'm gonna try to liquify some nitrogen for myself out of this atmosphere.

    但首先,我要試著從大氣中為自己液化一些氮氣。

  • Come on, let's go.

    來吧,我們走

  • Okay, in order to make liquid nitrogen,

    好吧 為了製造液氮

  • we need a way to make the air really cold.

    我們需要一種讓空氣變冷的方法。

  • And to do that, I'm going to use this cryo-cooler.

    為此,我要使用這個低溫冷卻器。

  • So essentially what's inside here is a cylinder of helium and a couple pistons.

    是以,這裡裝的主要是一個氦氣筒和幾個活塞。

  • There's a piston that compresses the helium down into this section,

    有一個活塞將氦氣壓縮到這個部分、

  • and when it does that, it makes that gas really hot.

    當它這樣做時,就會使氣體變得非常熱。

  • And so, that heat gets ejected to the surroundings through this heat sink.

    是以,這些熱量會通過散熱器噴射到周圍環境中。

  • Then the helium is expanded down in here, and as that happens, it gets really cold.

    然後,氦氣在這裡向下膨脹,隨著膨脹,它就會變得非常冷。

  • So it absorbs the heat from the surroundings.

    是以,它能吸收周圍的熱量。

  • So this is the part of the cryo-cooler that is going to get down to less than -200°C.

    是以,這是低溫冷卻器的一部分,其溫度將降至零下 200 攝氏度以下。

  • So cryogenic temperatures.

    所以是低溫。

  • This is the place where we can really liquify some gas.

    在這裡,我們可以真正液化一些天然氣。

  • So, I want to put this to the test

    所以,我想測試一下

  • and first do a sort of simple proof-of-concept and make sure that this is working

    首先做一個簡單的概念驗證,確保它能正常工作

  • and just try to liquify air,

    並嘗試液化空氣、

  • liquify the air in this room.

    使房間裡的空氣液化。

  • This is Allen Pan.

    我是艾倫-潘。

  • Allen is handier with tools than I am,

    艾倫比我更會使用工具、

  • so uuh, I brought him here to help me make this happen.

    所以,我帶他來幫我實現這個願望。

  • How should people know you, Allen? Like what do you get into, what's your thing?

    人們應該如何認識你,艾倫?比如你喜歡什麼,你的愛好是什麼?

  • Allen: I'm a failed Mythbuster,

    艾倫:我是一個失敗的 "神話剋星"、

  • and also I have a YouTube channel called "Sufficiently Advanced".

    此外,我還有一個名為 "Sufficiently Advanced "的 YouTube 頻道。

  • Derek VO: You may know Allen from his creations and,

    德里克-沃:你可能從艾倫的創作中認識他、

  • relevant to this project, shooting liquid nitrogen from his hands.

    從他的手中射出液氮。

  • [Allen laughs]

    [艾倫笑]

  • Allen: I'm definitely breaking your drill by the way >D: I see that :) I see that.

    艾倫:順便說一句,我絕對是在破壞你的演習 >D: 我明白了:)我明白了

  • Did I measure this correctly?

    我測量得對嗎?

  • Let's see.

    讓我們看看

  • Does it go in and stop right there-

    它是否進去後就停在那裡--

  • Oh my God!

    我的天啊

  • Look at that!

    看看這個!

  • Perfect!

    太完美了

  • Derek: So now, let's turn it on, and you can listen, you can hear it turn on.

    德里克:現在,讓我們打開它,你可以聽,你可以聽到它打開的聲音。

  • Ohhhh, the pump is starting.

    哦哦,水泵啟動了。

  • Allen: Its purring.

    艾倫:它在咕嚕咕嚕叫。

  • [Elevator Music]

    [電梯音樂]

  • This is the moment of truth:

    這是關鍵時刻:

  • been running the cryo-cooler for about 4 hours.

    低溫冷卻器已經運行了大約 4 個小時。

  • Hopefully getting some liquid air in there.

    希望裡面能有一些液態空氣。

  • Allen: I bet you 50 bucks there's at least 50 millilitres of liquid air in there.

    艾倫:我跟你賭 50 塊錢,裡面至少有 50 毫升液態空氣。

  • Derek: "50 millilitres."

    德里克:"50 毫升"。

  • D: Sir?

    D: 先生?

  • Allen: That's not even that much.

    艾倫:這還不算多。

  • Derek: It ISN'T even that much,>< but I will be amazed if it happens. > Allen: It's like a whole-

    德里克:根本沒有那麼多,但如果真的發生了,我會很驚訝。

  • Allen: Oh, that- that's 50 millilitres, right there. Derek: I bring you a 50 millilitre beaker.

    艾倫哦,那是 50 毫升,就在那兒。德里克:我給你拿一個 50 毫升的燒杯。

  • Allen: Do you feel any sloshing??

    艾倫你有感覺到晃動嗎?

  • Derek: [Whouf!]

    德里克:

  • [Slight sloshing]

    [輕微晃動]

  • Allen: I hear something..! >I hear something!< Derek: Oh ohoh >< oh oh!

    艾倫:我聽到了什麼......我聽到了什麼!&lt; 德里克:哦哦&gt;&lt;哦哦!

  • Allen: I HEAR something.

    我聽到了什麼

  • Derek: I can hear liquid

    我能聽到液體的聲音

  • D: We have made liquid air.

    D:我們製造了液態空氣。

  • Allen: That sounds like... Derek: How much have we made?

    艾倫:聽起來好像......德里克:我們賺了多少?

  • Allen: 50 millilitres.. Derek: Is that how much we've made? Allen: ..of liquid air!

    艾倫:50 毫升。這就是我們製造的量嗎?艾倫: ......液態空氣!

  • Derek: OooohH..! Cameraman: Oh hoho hoh! Allen: 50! 50!

    Derek: OooohH..!攝影師:Oh hoho hoh!50!50!

  • Allen: OOOhh!

    艾倫OOOhh!

  • A: Dude, that's 50 ml of liquid air.

    答:老兄,那是 50 毫升液態空氣。

  • Derek VO: I know it doesn't look like much, but to make 50 ml of liquid air,

    Derek VO:我知道看起來不多,但要製作 50 毫升液態空氣、

  • we needed to condense around 35 litres of air from the room.

    我們需要從房間裡冷凝大約 35 升的空氣。

  • Derek: What's funny to me is I've done a lot of experiments with liquid nitrogen,

    德里克:讓我覺得有趣的是,我用液氮做過很多實驗、

  • but this feels like the most precious... [Allen laughs] liquified gas that I've ever had

    但這感覺就像最珍貴的......[艾倫笑] 我曾經擁有過的液化氣

  • because we made it ourselves.

    因為這是我們自己做的。

  • There was more than 50 ml.

    有 50 多毫升。

  • Allen: I know we didn't shake on it, but you definitely owe me $50.

    艾倫:我知道我們沒有握手,但你肯定欠我 50 美元。

  • Derek: I definitely do.

    德里克:我當然知道。

  • [Allen erupts with laughter] [Cameraman chuckles]

    [艾倫爆發出笑聲] [攝影師笑聲]

  • Derek: 'Cause that's impressive from just a few hours!

    德里克:"短短几個小時就這麼厲害!

  • Y'know, running it for the first time.

    你知道,第一次運行它。

  • Derek VO: Liquid oxygen is paramagnetic, which means it's attracted to permanent magnets.

    德里克-沃:液氧具有順磁性,這意味著它能被永久磁鐵吸引。

  • I'm going to use this effect to try to extract some liquid oxygen.

    我要利用這種效果,嘗試提取一些液態氧。

  • Derek: Something came out. Allen: Hey, dude, you got it!

    有東西出來了艾倫:嘿,夥計,你猜對了!

  • You got some. Derek VO: See that droplet at the end of the magnets?

    有了看到磁鐵末端的液滴了嗎?

  • To make sure it really was liquid oxygen, we tested how it affected a flame.

    為了確保它真的是液氧,我們測試了它對火焰的影響。

  • Allen: Yeheheha!

    艾倫

  • Allen: So that's 'for-sure' oxygen, that is liquid oxygen.

    艾倫:那就是 "確定 "的氧氣,也就是液態氧。

  • Derek: You can see how the matchstick REIGNITES with the liquid oxygen,

    德里克:你可以看到火柴棒是如何與液氧結合的、

  • and the flame spreads towards the higher concentration of oxygen.

    火焰向氧氣濃度較高的地方蔓延。

  • [Allen laughs]

    [艾倫笑]

  • [Low-pitched squeaking and chuting sounds emanate from the flame]

    [火焰發出低沉的吱吱聲和嘁嘁聲]

  • Derek: Ohh!

    德里克:哦!

  • [quiet Alien Chestbuster squawk/click sounds emanate from the experiment]

    [安靜的外星胸霸叫聲/點擊聲從實驗中傳出]

  • Allen: Whwch!

    艾倫

  • Derek: There you go, we have made: liquid air.

    德里克:就是這樣,我們製造出了:液態空氣。

  • Next step: remove the oxygen, and just make liquid nitrogen.

    下一步:去掉氧氣,直接製造液氮。

  • [Allen wheezes with laughter]

    [艾倫氣喘吁吁的笑聲]

  • Derek: Okay, it is day two and time to scale up.

    德里克:好了,今天是第二天,是時候擴大規模了。

  • We are uh, moving the cryo-cooler to a bigger stand.

    我們正在把低溫冷卻器搬到一個更大的支架上。

  • Allen: Should I just go? Derek Behind Cam: Yeah, go for it.

    艾倫:我應該去嗎?德里克-卡姆:是的,去吧。

  • Allen: I'm putting a lot of sawdust into your-into your carpet.

    艾倫:我在你的地毯上放了很多鋸末。

  • I'm sorry. Derek: [chuckles] That's okay, Allen :)

    I'm sorry.德里克:[笑] 沒關係,艾倫)

  • [Allen laughs lightly]

    [艾倫輕笑]

  • [Chugging, whirring and banging spark sounds]

    [突突聲、呼呼聲和砰砰的火花聲]

  • Derek VO: To make pure nitrogen, we need pressurised air.

    德里克-沃:要製造純氮,我們需要加壓空氣。

  • So I've got an air compressor here in the garage.

    我車庫裡有一臺空氣壓縮機。

  • Derek: The pressure of this compressor is about 10 'atmospheres'.

    德里克:這臺壓縮機的壓力約為 10 個 "大氣壓"。

  • So I'm going to pressurise this line here...

    所以我要給這條線路加壓......

  • behind cam: Now the first thing we've got on the line is...

    在攝像頭後面現在,我們的第一件事是...

  • a filter to remove.. water vapour.

    過濾器去除水蒸氣。

  • And to get pure nitrogen, this is the key component.

    而要想獲得純淨的氮氣,這是關鍵的組成部分。

  • It is a nitrogen membrane,

    這是一層氮膜、

  • and what it actually contains is a bunch of hollow polymer fibres.

    而它實際上包含的是一堆中空聚合物纖維。

  • And so we supply compressed air in this end,

    是以,我們為此提供壓縮空氣、

  • and all of the gas molecules try to diffuse out of those fibres because of that high pressure.

    在高壓作用下,所有氣體分子都會試圖從纖維中擴散出來。

  • But:

    但是

  • these polymer fibres are made out of a material that is

    這些聚合物纖維由一種材料製成,這種材料是

  • SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE.

    選擇性滲透。

  • It allows oxygen and carbon dioxide and water vapour to diffuse out much faster than nitrogen.

    氧氣、二氧化碳和水蒸氣的擴散速度比氮氣快得多。

  • And so, those gases actually come out preferentially through these holes.

    是以,這些氣體實際上會優先從這些孔中排出。

  • So what you're left with at the end is a high concentration of nitrogen.

    是以,最後剩下的就是高濃度的氮。

  • And to get the highest purity,

    並獲得最高的純度、

  • what you need to do is have a very high pressure and a slow flow rate,

    你需要做的是用很高的壓力和很低的流速、

  • because that gives a lot of time for those other gases to escape.

    因為這樣就有足夠的時間讓其他氣體逃逸。

  • Derek: Whoo!

    Whoo!

  • D: I don't know about this gauge.

    D:我不知道這個儀器。

  • [Allen laughs]

    [艾倫笑]

  • Derek: So what I want to count on the watch is how long it takes to increase the pressure in the tank.

    德里克:所以我想用手錶計算的是,增加水箱中的壓力需要多長時間。

  • Well, we worked it out yesterday

    我們昨天已經解決了

  • and we figured out if it takes six minutes to fill the tank...

    我們發現,如果加滿油箱需要六分鐘...

  • at 100 psi (pressure per inch²), then we've got 98% pure nitrogen.

    100psi(每平方英寸壓力),那麼我們就得到了 98% 的純氮氣。

  • Allen: Cool, perfect.

    艾倫酷,完美。

  • Derek: Right, we just have to be very slow with this tank filling

    德里克:是的,我們必須非常緩慢地加註油箱。

  • and I don't know if we ARE that slow.

    我不知道我們是否真的那麼慢。

  • We're going to try to check the oxygen levels that have come through this membrane.

    我們將嘗試檢查通過這層膜的氧氣含量。

  • Allen: Let's put some money on it.

    艾倫讓我們把一些錢就可以了。

  • How about 50 bucks says the oxygen is less than 5%. (

    50 塊錢說氧氣含量低於 5%,怎麼樣?(

  • Yeah? Derek: Are you gonna bet that?

    是嗎?你要打賭嗎?

  • 'cause I will easily take that bet. Allen: Yeah. All right

    因為我會很輕鬆地接受這個賭注。艾倫:是的。好吧

  • Derek: I don't think this went very well because that was the first filling of the tank,

    德里克:我認為這不是很順利,因為這是第一次給油箱注油、

  • so we weren't high pressure going through the membrane.

    所以我們沒有高壓通過膜。

  • So I don't think it's going to be...

    是以,我不認為這將是...

  • Allen: I think we're getting 95% nitrogen. Derek: 95% nitrogen

    艾倫:我想我們的氮含量是 95%。德里克: 95% 氮

  • So this meter measures oxygen.

    所以這個測量儀測量的是氧氣。

  • So we're looking for a number less than 5%, which I suspect we will not see.

    是以,我們正在尋找一個低於 5%的數字,我懷疑我們不會看到這個數字。

  • D: Huuh.

    D: Huuh.

  • D: Can hear-

    D:能聽到

  • [BEEPING] Allen: Oh, it going down! D: Whoa! A: It's going way down. D: WHOA!

    艾倫Oh, it going down!D:Whoa!A: It's going way down.D:WHOA!

  • [BEEP BEEP]

    [嗶嗶]

  • Allen: Come on 5%! Fi- Ohhhh...!

    艾倫來吧5%!Fi- Ohhhh...!

  • There it is! Derek: Whoa!

    就在那兒哇

  • D: Here we go 99. Allen: Over 99%, 99.2, 99.3

    D:開始了,99%:超過 99%,99. 2,99. 3

  • Derek: Whoa, I am shocked. Allen:There is no oxygen in this air, baby, it's all nitrogen!

    德里克:哇,我太震驚了。空氣中沒有氧氣,寶貝,全是氮氣!

  • 99.5. Derek: I am so shocked right now!

    99.5.我現在非常震驚!

  • Allen: So we're at 50 bucks for the liquid air bet? Derek: Yeah

    艾倫:那麼我們的液體空氣賭注是 50 美元?德里克: 是的

  • Allen: We're at 50 bucks for the oxygen. Derek: Yeah, you just have made yourself 100 bucks.

    艾倫:我們的氧氣費是 50 美元。德里克:是啊,你剛剛讓自己賺了 100 塊錢。

  • Look at that, 99.7..!

    看看,99.7..!