where statistically disorder is king.

混亂才是王道

As time moves forward, things fall apart.

隨著時光流逝，萬物崩解

Stars burn out. Energy spreads out.

星辰殞落，能量釋放

Entropy conquers all.

混亂佔據了一切

But humans, life, fights that trend.

但人類與生命體與之對抗

We build things.

我們建造、組織

We organize things.

我們挖掘資訊

We add information.

為什麼我們喜歡摧毀東西?

So why is that we love destroying things?

燃放煙火

[shouts]

戰鬥與砸毀

Exploding fireworks.

甚至是揉捏氣泡紙

Fights and crashes.

可愛的事物讓我們想要

Even popping bubble wrap.

捏捏他們，抱緊他們

Ugh!

為什麼?

Tiny cute things can make us

摧毀的力量很誘人

want to just squeeze 'em to death.

即使只是像這樣拿著

Ugh!

心裡想著一放手就會砸碎它

Why?

一切由我控制

[electronic music]

我可以自由發揮意志 造成戲劇性且不可逆的改變

♪ ♪

準備好了嗎?

The power to destroy is a delicious one.

準備好了

Even just holding this here,

漂亮

knowing I can drop it,

為什麼這麼做感覺這麼好?

I am in control.

或即使只是用看的

I can exert my will in a dramatic and irreversible way.

對我而言，從丟下西瓜到這西瓜被砸碎，感覺很紓壓

Ready?

破壞後我更感到平靜

Ready.

像是我釋放了些能量

♪ ♪

或是憤怒

Ugh. [laughs]

為什麼生氣時我們喜歡砸東西

Beautiful.

建立於此的商業機會正在崛起

Why does that feel so good to do,

舒壓用的暴怒房一一成立

or even just watch?

在德州和多倫多

For me, throwing it to its death was almost relaxing,

人們付錢來到這房間

like I feel calmer now after being destructive,

藉由砸毀物品來消怒

like I've vented some pent-up energy.

像是廚房、工作房等等

Or anger?

宣洩理論認為這樣的破壞行為

Why do we like breakings things when we're angry?

可以幫助紓壓與消氣

There's a growing trend of businesses

但這真有效嗎?

anger rooms that are popping up in places

有時有效，有時未必

like Texas and Toronto.

這就是為什麼研究心智如此困難

People pay to visit these anger rooms

學者們還在深入探討細節 以及相關變數

and let off steam by smashing mock-ups of workplaces,

而我想要親眼見證第一手資料

kitchens, and more.

當人們發怒而砸東西時是什麼樣子?

Catharsis Theory proposes that such acts of destruction

他們的怒氣是否會因此平息?

reduce our anger.

為了示範宣洩理論

But do they?

我們佈置了自己的暴怒房

Sometimes, but sometimes they don't.

觀察破壞東西是否能讓暴怒的人

This is what makes studying the mind so difficult.

變得冷靜

Researchers are still looking into the specifics

我們的受測者以為自己在參加

and the variables involved, and I want to see firsthand

關於政治立場對立的研究

and in person what it's like when people get angry

所以我們叫他們寫一篇短文

and then break things.

關於兩極端立場主題

Will then be more or less violent afterwards?

- 請進 - 柯莎娜?

To demonstrate Catharsis Theory,

你好嗎? 我是麥可

we set up our own anger room

你好，麥可

to see whether or not breaking things will help calm down

很高興認識你

some angry people.

我剛剛和你對立夥伴柯林特在一塊

Our subjects think they're participating

他在另一個房間裡

in a study about opposing political views,

我想把你的短文交給柯林特

so we've asked them to write an essay

他會對此評論

on different polarizing topics.

而你會評論他的

- Come in. - Kashona? Hi.

- 好，謝謝 - 等會見

How are you? I'm Michael.

他寫很多，我沒寫這麼多

- Hi, Michael.

我們的每位受測者

- It's nice to meet you.

都與這位名為柯林特的人配對

I was just with your co-participant Clint.

他們會互評彼此的短文

He's in another room.

警察的工作很艱難

I'm gonna give your essay to Clint,

他們必須保護我們 不被其他有色人種傷害

and he's gonna critique it,

問題是...

and you're going to critique his.

開始吧

- Okay, thank you. - See you soon.

事實上，我就是柯林特

- He wrote a lot. I didn't write that much.

「誇張的」、「偽美國人」、放棄他」

Okay.

我的任務，應該說柯林特的任務

- Each of our subjects

就是激怒受試者

has been paired with a man named Clint,

讓他們可以進一步在暴怒房受測

and they will be critiquing each other's essays.

你該感到羞恥

- "Police officers have a very difficult job.

你活該

They have to protect us mainly from people of color."

真是個混帳

[laughs]

眼不見為淨

- The thing is...

這樣好多了

Okay, here we go.

好了，柯莎娜，我回來了

I'm actually Clint.

你是跟柯林特一組

"Overblown, un-American. Get over it."

我們來看看他怎麼寫

My job-- or rather, Clint's job--

很快地看即可

is to make our subjects mad

剛才是這樣放的嗎?

so they can test our anger room.

- 不是 - 是你把他轉過去的嗎?

"You should be ashamed."

是我轉過去的

- "You deserve what's coming to you."

他感覺很武斷

What a asshole.

我不想繼續看他的臉

Ha. Changed it to black.

他對你短文的回覆在這

That's better.

我們不能命令別人去哪裡或去哪用餐

Oops.

開什麼車

- Okay, Kashona. I'm back.

這真讓我生氣

And you were with Clint. Okay.

這個人的評斷

- Mm-hmm. - Let's go through what he wrote

完全沒有根據事實

just quickly.

他顯然認為

- He wrote-- - Did I put that that way?

接受社會福利的人

- No, you didn't. - Did you turn it around?

都很懶惰

- I did turn it around.

這什麼跟什麼啊?

He seems like a bigot or somebody.

太荒謬了

I didn't want to keep looking at his face.

我發火了，我真的發火了

- He's responded to your essay there.

令人作噁

- We can't tell people where to go to eat for lunch,

我得到 F+?

what car to drive;

我希望等下在走廊不要遇上他

like, that just really irritates me.

他是個王八蛋

- This is a person that is making arguments

這就是為什麼

that are not based in any fact.

我們的國家現在這麼爛

- He's clearly someone who thinks

因為他愚蠢

that the people who are on social programs

我想這招還滿有效的

are lazy.

我們這聚集了許多怒氣沖天的人

- I was like, "What the [bleep]?"

而砸東西可以幫助他們平靜下來嗎?

- Getting fired up, mother-- ooh, I'm getting fired up.

還是只是火上澆油

- It's disgusting.

讓我們跟專家一起 深入了解宣洩理論

- I got an F-plus?

當代對宣洩的觀點是 宣洩出來

Oh, I hope I don't see him in the hallway.

就像釋放氣壓一樣

He's a dick,

可以宣洩掉那能量

and that is why he is part of the reason

以幫助我們重新開始處理 每天的壓力

why our country [bleep] sucks right now.

憤怒而激進的人們

Because he's stupid.

當他們宣洩後感受如何呢?

- Well, I think that was pretty effective.

許多研究發現

We've got a lot of angry people on our hands,

這只是短暫的舒壓

so will demolishing things calm them down

而這感覺很好，抒放的感覺很棒

or will acts of destruction throw fuel on the fire?

我們的大腦樂在其中

[dramatic music]

因此這變成一種再次生氣的獎賞

Let's explore Catharsis Theory

然後再次宣洩

with an expert.

據我們所知，這治標不治本

- The modern view of catharsis

我過去不了解原來這是這麼複雜

is that by acting out

且仍在研究中

we release sort of like a pressure valve

我以為這就是非黑即白

and that releases that energy

就像...你做了這個，抒發了情緒

in order for us to sort of build up again

然後就沒有了

and handle everyday distress.

不全然是

- People who are angry and aggressive

沒有一個行遍天下的

who then act that out, what would they feel afterwards?

完美定義

- What many studies have found

這就是運作的方式

is that it's a short-lived release,

讓我們來看看宣洩對我們是否有效

and it feels good--it feels really good to release--

柯林特已把大家激得夠怒了

but what happens in the brain is,

就我而言，他就是個膿包

the brain enjoys that.

是時候實際測試宣洩理論了

There's really a reward to build up that pressure again

部分受測者可盡情對這些 美麗的物件發洩怒氣

and then release it again.

你有絕對的自由和權利

It's a temporary fix, as far as we know.

摧毀這房裡的一切

- I didn't realize it was so complicated

什麼?

and still being researched.

其他受測者被指示

I thought it was black and white.

被動地坐在這房間中

It was--you do this, and you release the emotion

我要你回想那篇短文

and it's gone.

他的論點和評論

- Yeah, not as much.

同時想想這房裡的東西

We don't have this perfect definition

我會和柯林特碰面嗎?

of catharsis, where everybody agrees,

不，你不會

here's how it works, here's how it ends up.

這不在實驗範圍中

- Well, let's see if catharsis works for us.

了解

♪ ♪

這些受測者在恣意摧毀後

Now that Clint has sufficiently angered all of our subjects...

會感到比較不生氣嗎

- He's more like a [bleep] pussy, as far as I'm concerned.

找到解答的方式只有一個

- It's time to put Catharsis Theory to the test.

當生氣時，我們的腎上腺

♪ ♪

會分泌皮質醇和腎上腺素

Some subjects will be allowed

讓身體和心智進入戰鬥模式

to actively take out their anger

但宣洩理論假設

on all of these beautiful art objects.

釋放能量可舒緩侵略性

You have completely free reign

這些受試者是否會因摧毀的暴行

to break anything in this room.

而感到比較不生氣?

- What? - Okay?

我好了

Other subjects are instructed

在進入最後一個階段之前

to sit in the room passively.

或許我們可以從這個

I want you to reflect on

以打架維生的人身上得到一些啟發

the essay, the arguments,

他不是受測對象

the critiques,

馬克史密斯，又名犀牛

and also on the objects in this room.

是健身和拳擊冠軍

- Am I going to meet Clint or not?

這位英國的神鬼戰士對於

- No, you are not. - Okay.

如何摧毀敵人略知一二

- That's not part of this study.

當你前往打架時

- Okay, got you.

你知道你會受傷

- Wil these subjects feel less angry

是的

after their violent acts of destruction?

你知道你將傷害別人

Only one way to find out.

你是如何做好心理準備的?

[rock music]

當要打架時

♪ ♪

會希望堅守計畫

[elevator music]

專注、然後放鬆

[rock music]

放鬆

When we are angry, the body's adrenal glands

因為我以為

release cortisol and adrenaline,

你會想要發飆

readying the body and mind for fight mode.

不，因為當你太憤怒時

- But Catharsis Theory hypothesizes

你只會這麼做...

that letting it out relieves feelings of aggression.

你無法好好思考

[elevator music]

比賽就只會變成學生打群架

[crack]

這是個很靠戰術的比賽

[rock music]

像老虎般兇狠的眼神，就像洛碁一樣

♪ ♪

這很吸引我

Will these subjects feel less angry after their violent acts

因為很多人都以為

of destruction?

要戰勝對手就必須要生氣而憤怒

- Okay, I'm done.

就像兩頭獅子

- Before we move on to the final step

兩頭獅子使出全力攻擊，不是嗎？

of our anger room demonstration,

打架是混亂的 就像動物一樣

maybe we can gain insight from someone who makes

但你必須要知道 戰鬥中的什麼時間點

a living by hitting.

才要像動物一般出手

Not objects but other people.

不好意思

Mark Smith, aka "Rhino,"

我很容易受驚

is a champion bodybuilder, boxer,

你需要知道何時發動攻擊

and UK gladiator who knows a thing or two

如果你發現自己很生氣

about how to destroy an opponent.

打沙包對你而言有效嗎？

♪ ♪

- 絕對有的 - 是嗎？

So when you're going into a fight,

我會發怒，例如說在電話中

you know that you're going to get hurt.

和銀行溝通，我會想要摔門

- Yes. - You know that you're going

或直接掛電話然後摔手機

hurt someone else.

別扔手機也別摔門

How do you psych yourself up

- 為什麼？ - 就來運動就好

to be good at that?

打沙包會讓你感覺好很多

- When you get into a fight,

到底有什麼差異呢？

you want to stick to your game plan,

兩種都是很動態的

stay focused, and be relaxed.

你不會衝動行事

- Relaxed.

你是事先計劃過的

Because I would have thought

你會知道「好，我現在要打沙包」

you'd want to go in angry.

「我要去健身房」

- No, because if you go in too angry,

「我將分泌腦內啡」

all you're doing is...

你會放鬆許多

and you're not thinking straight,

並得以評估過去一小時 惹惱你的那位銀行經理

it turns into, like, a school brawl.

我可以嘗試打些什麼嗎？

It's a very tactical game. - Right.

當然，你可以揍我

- The eye of the tiger, like Rocky.

- 我真的可以嗎？ - 是的

- But this is fascinating to me,

你會回擊嗎？

because you would think that to physically outfight someone,

到時候我會告訴你

in nature, we would have evolved to run off of angry and fear.

好

- That's like two lions; I agree with you there.

太棒了，我看起來很嚇人嗎？

Two lions attack and go full out, don't they?

關於犀牛說的，暴力無法使人平靜

There's no pace in that fight whatsoever,

的理論是正確的嗎？

like animals, but you have to know when to be an animal

但控制下的主動行為

and at what point in the fight.

卻可以使你放鬆？

Bang! - Oh!

我想答案即將揭曉

- But, like--so it's point in--

對，就像那樣

- I'm a very jumpy, flinchy person.

繼續

- It's knowing when to pull the trigger.

很好

- If you ever find yourself angry in your real life,

做得好

do you find it helpful to punch a punching bag...

打完架後我學會兩件事情

- Definitely. - Yeah?

一、我是個窩囊廢

I will get angry, like, I'm on the phone

二、犀牛是正確的

with my bank, and I might think slamming a door

當肢體暴力被轉化為

or just hanging up and throwing my phone on the bed--

一個有組織的運動，就像拳擊

- No, don't throw your phone, and don't slam doors.

的確可以讓情緒和緩

- Why? - Just come and exercise

這種混合的感覺很奇怪

and hit the bag; you'll feel so much better.

雖然我很累

- What's the difference, though?

但我感覺放鬆許多

They're both, like, active things.

現在你懂了

- Well, you're not doing something spontaneous

我不覺得激動了

and acting on impulse.

你有覺得放鬆嗎？

[growls] It's premeditated.

我不會說我很放鬆

You know you're gonna go, "Okay, I'm gonna pack my bag,

但我會說我頭腦很清楚

"I'm gonna go to the gym,

而且覺得一切更得以掌握

I'll be releasing endorphins."

堅毅的老虎之眼

You'll feel more relaxed and you'll be able to assess

我更像小貓之眼

the bank manager who's been irritating you

而且小貓的心情抑鬱

for the last hour.

但這感覺太棒了

- Can I--can I try hitting some things?

進入暴怒房實驗的最後階段

- Definitely. You can try hitting me.

所有的受測者都會參加

- Can I really? - Yes.

一個他們認為是在對柯林特的反射實驗

Are you gonna hit back? - I will--

但事實上，柯林特根本不存在

I will let you know I'm there.

我們真正要觀察的是

- Okay.

宣洩理論

[dramatic music]

受測者的憤怒指數

Awesome. Do I look scary?

會因為暴力行為而有所影響？

- [laughs] - Oh, yeah.

還是不會？

Is Rhino correct that violent acts of rage

第三階段，我們會測試

won't calm you down?

你當前情況下的反應

But the controlled aggression used in boxing