- Hi, I'm Michael Stevens,

那你是誰呢?

but who are you?

你真的知道自己是誰嗎?

Do you even know who you are?

你只是自己的記憶嗎?

Are you your memories?

我不記得

- I don't remember that.

我完全不記得

- I don't remember that at all.

你做的抉擇 造就了你這個人嗎?

- Are you the choices you make?

發照片的人

The focus tester

其實是一位魔術師

is actually a magician.

好詭異

- That's scary. [chuckles]

或者你代表著過去的自己?

- Or are you your past?

我撞到後腦勺 然後就忘掉一切了

- I hit the back of my head and I forgot my entire life.

就像按了電腦的刪除鍵

Just like you hit a delete button on a computer.

你曾經看著自己的照片

- [quietly] Wow.

然後想著 「原來我長這樣?呃...」

[electronic music]

我們時常覺得

♪ ♪

照片中的自己不好看或不上相

Have you ever looked at a photograph of yourself

因為照片會將 我們真實的模樣呈現出來

and thought, "That's what I look like?

你習慣看見的自己

Ugh."

是鏡子中的你

We often think we look bad

你在鏡子裡看見的臉是倒反的

or not right in photos

很多自拍相機也是這樣

because photos show us what we really look like

所以我們會比較習慣這個版本的自己

to other people.

你如果想藉由鏡子

The you that you're used to seeing

來看見別人看到你的樣子

is mirror you.

用兩面鏡子

Every mirror you look into reverses your face.

將它們角度相互擺放在90度

Most selfie cameras do this too,

你不會再看見倒反的你

so we tend to prefer that version of ourselves.

而是看見 外界看你的樣子

If you wanna see yourself in a mirror

所以到底你會如何詮釋自己?

the way other people see you in real life,

從外觀?

take two mirrors

或是穿著打扮?

and position them at a 90-degree angle.

還是你是組成身體的原子?

What you see won't be yourself reversed,

因為上述這些東西一輩子都在改變

but how you look in real life.

喔，大家或許有個共通點

So who would you say you are really?

恆久不變的

Is it how you look?

就是你的歷史

Or is it how you dress?

你的記憶

Or are you the atoms that make you up?

但是假如我們記得的

Because all of those things change throughout your life.

跟事實有所出入呢?

Ah, maybe the real common thread,

這樣代表我們不了解自己嗎?

that which doesn't change,

你了解自己嗎?

is your history,

錯誤的記憶

your memory.

能輕易的被產生出來

But what if we remember things differently

我們今天要來試看看

from the way they actually happened.

而且過程會相當有趣

Does that mean we don't know ourselves?

我們製作了一個假的遊戲節目

False memories are

叫做「你曾經是誰」

frighteningly easy to create.

我們將參與者帶進回憶的隧道

Today, we're gonna make some,

然後請他們訴說自己的過去

and we're gonna have a little fun doing it.

這當中有一些會是我們自己編的

We have created a fake game show

我們要在這個實驗裡種下幾顆種子

called "Who You Were."

看看會不會演變出

We're gonna bring contestants down memory lane

一些假的回憶

and have them tell us about their past.

示範一 : 虛構記憶 (一)

Some of which we're going to completely make up.

嗨，我是麥可史蒂芬

We're gonna plant a few little seeds in this mind field

歡迎來到這個節目

and see if we can grow

我們將帶你進入記憶的隧道

some fake memories.

從你是誰

[cheers and applause]

一直回溯到...

Hi, I'm Michael Stevens,

你曾經是誰

and welcome to the show

歡迎今天的特別來賓

that takes you on a trip down memory lane

提姆迪拉格多 你好嗎?

from who you are

- 感謝你來參加 - 謝謝你的邀請

all the way back through...

- 對於準備要跳進回憶裡感到興奮嗎?

"Who You Were."

是啊，我真的沒有預期將會發生什麼事

Please welcome today's very special guest,

首先，我們要和觀眾分享一下你的世界

Timothy DeLaGhetto. - How's it going, man.

我的天啊，來看看吧

- Thanks for coming in. - Thanks for having me.

提姆是在加州長大的

- Excited to kinda dive into some memories?

他和父母一起經營一家泰式餐廳

- Yeah, I don't really know what to expect.

提姆以身為一個饒舌歌手

- To begin, though, let's give the audience

搞笑人物，演員 和網路紅人受到歡迎

a taste of your life.

他的粉絲追蹤人數超過三百萬

- Oh, my God, let's take a look.

為了更了解 你是怎麼變成現在的樣子

- So Tim was raised in California

我們要來看看過去的你 - 開始吧

where he and his parents owned and operated

我們有和你父母聊過

a Thai food restaurant. - [laughing]

而他們分享了幾個你小時候

- Tim found popularity as a rapper,

他們最喜愛的回憶

comedian, actor, and Internet personality,

好的

and has attracted over 3 million subscribers.

我一開始會先講真的故事

In order to--to kind of see how you became who you are today

之後再悄悄轉進虛構的回憶

let's go back to who you were. - Let's do it.

在你七歲的時候

- We spoke to your parents... - Mm-hmm.

你被一個有控制狂的女同學

- And they told us some of their favorite memories

弄得像個囚犯一樣

from when you were very, very young.

那位女生控制了你的生活

- Okay. - I'm going to start

而且隨時都要知道你在做什麼

with some true stories

我記得她

before I slip in the false memory.

她算是我最好的朋友

When you were seven,

但是她對我就是有一種佔有慾

you were pretty much held prisoner

不過你們現在沒在一起

by a very controlling school girl.

沒有，我們可能是臉書朋友

The girl took control of your life

好的，另外一則回憶

and always wanted to know what you were doing.

開學第一天你沒有變成愛哭鬼

- I remember her. Like, she was,

- 對 - 直到你發現

like, my--my best friend, sort of,

其他小朋友都在哭 然後你才加入他們

but then she was also very, like, possessive of me.

我是個很有同情心的人

- But you guys aren't together still.

我只是想幫助他們

- No, we might be Facebook friends.

讓他們感覺大家在同一個團隊裡

- Okay. Here's a memory.

- 現在我們要開始講

You weren't a crybaby on the first day of school...

無中生有的虛構故事了

- Yeah. - Until you noticed that

再來一則回憶

all the other kids were crying and then you joined in.

在你四或五歲的時候

- You know, I empathize with people...

你去坐熱氣球

- Right. - And, uh, I was just kind of,

而且從熱氣球上掉落東西

like, helping them feel like we were all a team.

我完全不記得這件事情

- Now here's the fake story

- 真的? - 對啊，完全不記得

we made up out of thin air.

- 我們回溯的時間非常久遠

Here's another memory. - Mm-hmm.

我連我有沒有搭過熱氣球都不太清楚

- When you were about four or five years old...

直到你跟我說 - 這發生在 Echo Park

- Mm-kay. - You actually took a ride

- 是嗎? - 沒錯

in a hot air balloon, but you dropped something

毫無頭緒

from the balloon.

提姆目前還不能接受故事的真實性

- I don't remember that at all. [laughs]

接下來是第二位來賓

- Really? - Yeah, like, at all.

- 狄倫，你好嗎? - 我很好

- We're going deep--far back. - I didn't even know

- 你小時候

I've ever been in a hot air balloon

和你的超人披風形影不離

until you just reminded me. - It was in Echo Park.

有一次，你還試圖用你的超能力

- Was it? - Yeah.

想使一台車停止轉動

- No clue.

- 是啊，試圖用我的手讓他停止

- Timothy is not accepting the story as truth yet.

你有成功嗎?

Time for our second subject.

那個人有踩剎車

[xylophone trills] [upbeat music]

好的，下一則回憶

- Dylan, how are you? - I'm doing great, man.

在你四或五歲時

- You were, uh, inseparable

你去搭了熱氣球

from you Superman cape when you were young.

而且從上面掉落了東西

Once, you even tried to use your super powers

我不太確定 我記不記得這件事

to stop a car driving down the street.

- 有時候用一些真實的細節

- Yeah, try to stop a car, like, with my--with my hand

來修飾虛構的故事會促使頭腦

and everything. - Did you succeed?

填補記憶 開始

- You know, the dude hit his brakes.

你有什麼喜愛的玩具或其他東西

- Okay, next memory.

或許有帶上去?

So when you were about four or five years old,

喔，我是有一些英雄人物的玩具

you took a ride in a hot air balloon

好像弄丟過一個

and you dropped something.

但我不確定事情是不是這樣發生的

- Huh.

我若是在熱氣球上

Uh...

真的做了這樣的事

I'm not sure if I remember that to be honest.

那個旅程就真的太瘋狂了

- Sometimes enriching the false story

嗨，維多利亞

with a realistic detail can trigger the brain

在你四或五歲的時候

to begin filling in the memory. Here goes.

你去搭了熱氣球

Did you have a favorite toy or anything

然後在上面掉落了東西

that maybe you had brought?

- 我不記得那件事 - 四，五歲左右

- Oh, I mean, I had, like, some action figures, I think.

在高空? - 沒有

Um, I do remember, like, losing one.

- 你搭過幾次熱氣球?

I'm not sure, like--that was, like, the--what happened.

- 零次

If I, uh, was in a hot air balloon.

- 當然了，沒有一位來賓

That's a crazy adventure

記得搭過熱氣球

if I actually, like, did something like that.

因為這根本就沒發生過

- Hi, Victoria.

但我們還沒結束

When you were around four or five years old,

24小時之後

you took a ride in a hot air balloon

我們會把來賓帶到 Echo Park

and you dropped something.

- 童年時候傳說中的熱氣球場景

- I don't remember that. - Four or five years old?

來看看我今天種的種子

Up in the air? - No.

扎根了沒

- How many times you been in a hot air balloon?

這就是你第一次搭熱氣球的地方

- None.

- 你是認真的嗎? - 我是認真的

- Of course none of the subjects

待續...

remember the balloon ride.

我們可能無法

It never happened,

每一次都清楚記得自己的過去

but we are not done with them yet.

但至少我們可以直覺的知道

24 hours from now,

自己的精神狀態

we'll take our subjects to Echo Park...

我們知道自己的感覺

- Okay.

自己的喜好

- The site of their supposed childhood balloon ride,

和自己為何如此

to see if any of the seeds I planted today

但其實不然

have taken root.

心理學家說我們容易過於自信的

This is where you took your first hot air balloon ride.

解釋自己的行為

- Are you serious? - I'm serious.

但對於別人是否真的了解自己

[soft dramatic music]

相對的不信任

We might not be able

內省錯覺

to remember our past accurately all the time,

關於這種偏見有個有趣的論證

but at least we have direct insight

叫做「擇盲現象」

into our own mental states.

要騙一個人 去相信他們沒有做過的決定

We know how we feel,

其實是相當容易的

what we like,

更令人訝異的是

and why.

他們還會去維護那個假的決定

Except we don't.

好似那一直都是他們想要的

Psychologists call our tendency to overvalue

我們都覺得自己很了解自己

how we explain our own behavior

我們知道自己為什麼喜歡什麼

while distrusting that other people

我們知道自己為什麼決定要這麼做

truly understand their own...

但事實上是這樣嗎?

An interesting manifestation of this bias

示範二 : 盲擇

is something called...

今天，我們要給來賓看幾組照片

It is surprisingly easy

然後請他們選出

to fool someone into believing

比較想要一起工作的夥伴

they made a choice that they never did,

但這跟你以為的不太一樣

and the amazing thing is that

發照片的人

they'll also defend that fake choice

其實是一位魔術師

as if it were what they had always wanted.

他會用一些手段

[film reel humming]

將來賓所選擇的照片

We feel like we know ourselves pretty well.

和他們拒絕的照片互相對換

We know why we like the things we like.

他的伎倆會被他們發現嗎?

We know why we decided to do the things that we did.

還是他們會為自己辯解

But do we?

他們沒做過的選擇?

[dramatic music]

- 謝謝你參與關於

Today, we'll be showing our subjects sets of photos

工作環境中對於第一印象的研究

and asking them to choose the photo

我會給你看幾張不同的臉孔

of the person they'd prefer to work with.

然後再請你選出 比較想一起工作的對象

But this isn't exactly what it looks like.

你準備好了嗎? - 準備好了

The focus tester

好的

is actually a magician

那麼你會比較想和 A 還是 B 工作?

who will be using slight of hand

B

to swap some of the faces they choose

這測驗最多就是這樣

for faces they've rejected.

沒問題 - A 或 B

Will they catch the trick?

B

Or will they justify and explain a decision

B

they never actually made?

A

- Thank you for participating in this study

B

of first impressions in the workplace.

A

You will be shown sets of faces and be asked to select

這邊是一疊你理想的工作夥伴

which person you would prefer to work with.

很好

Are you ready to begin? - I am, yes.

現在進行第二階段

- Cool. So would you rather

請你填寫「職場上的女性」

work with person "A" or person B?

這部分的問卷

- Person B. - Person B.

這一堆填寫問卷的動作

[soft dramatic music]

只是為了要轉移注意力

That's as complex as it gets. - [laughs]

因為接下來我們的魔術師要對換照片了

I can do this. - Person "A" or Person B?

就在那一刻

- Uh, B.

八張裡面有兩張被換成

B.

她拒絕的照片

"A."

當我們拿她沒選的照片給她看的時候

B.

她會怎麼說呢?

"A." - Perfect.

現在呢，經過篩選後我想請問

So we've made a pile of your ideal workplace colleagues.

是什麼原因讓你選擇了他們?

Effectively. - Okay.

- 我們先從一張

- Uh, now part two is to--

她真的選擇的照片開始 之後再偷塞一張被拒絕的

if you could fill out the "women in the workplace"

- 你為什麼會想和她工作?

segment of the questionnaire.

- 她看起來很親切

- All of this business about filling out a survey,

而另外一位相較起來

it's just to distract them from what's about to happen

樣子不太友善 - 了解

because our magician is gonna make a swap.

- 這是另外一組

There it is.

她明確選擇過的照片

Two of the eight photos have been swapped out

B

for pictures our subject rejected.

我們現在要給她看她拒絕的照片

What will she say when presented

- 你為什麼會想和這位一起工作?

with photos of people she didn't actually choose?

- 她其實就是看起來比另一位友善

- Now, on their own merits, I wanna ask you

- 另外一位女生

what it was about them that made you pick them.

看起很不親切

- Okay. - We'll start with a picture

- 她只是忘記了

that she did pick before we slip in the rejects.

她在這組照片中的選擇嗎?

- So why did you want to work with this person?

何不再來看看另一組她拒絕的?

- She looks nice. She looks really nice,

你為什麼會想和這位一起工作?

but I think the person I compared her to

- 她長得很甜

didn't look very friendly. - Gotcha.

- 所以你選她的時候是這麼覺得?

- Here's another pair of photos

我覺得她像是那種

where she had a clear preference.

生日的時候會送你卡片的人

- Person B. - Person B.

她看起來就很甜

- Now we're going to show her

- 這不單單只是忘記而已

the picture she actually rejected.

這是在編造

- Why did you want to work with this person.

一個過去從未發生的事情

- Um, she just looked nicer than the other one.

其他來賓是否也會

[laughs] - Yeah.

將自己沒做過的決定合理化?

- That was one where the other girl

A 還 B ?

didn't look very nice at all.

A

- Is she just misremembering

- 我們現在拿出被他拒絕的照片

this one choice?

你為什麼選擇和這位一起工作?

How about another photo she rejected?

她給人的觀感

- Why did you prefer to work with this person?