Name: 誰是 "缺陷種族"！？// 亞歷山大-格雷厄姆-貝爾[CC] (Who Are The 'Defective Race'?! // Alexander Graham Bell [CC])
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:16:54.000Z
Duration: 18 min 55 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

‘To ask the value of speech is like asking the value of life.’ Alexander Graham Bell,

inventor of the telephone and advocate of mainstreaming deaf education once said…

Before he tried to wipe out sign language, deaf marriage and deafness altogether!

Whilst Hearing people often assume that Deaf people would naturally want to ‘fix’ their

hearing, the truth is quite different. And when it comes to the complex relationship

between Alexander Graham Bell and the Deaf Community the truth is VERY different!

Society tends to view Alexander Graham Bell as a famous, wealthy and influential American

And inventor of the telephone, metal detector and a variety of other inventions. He was

also a teacher of deaf children, had a deaf mother and a deaf wife. He was very familiar

Bell feared "contamination" of the human race by the propagation of deaf people (even though

most deaf people statistically are born to hearing parents.)

I first started the conversation about eugenics and disability in my profile on Helen Keller,

which you can find in the card above, right… now!

Today we’re going to be continuing to talk about how sometimes good intentions are actually…

bad intentions… that then sporn a multimillion pound company that makes money from deafness.

What? I’m just your impartial narrator.

In all truth though, as a deaf person- but someone who went deaf later in life due to

a separate medical condition- I’m vaguely objective. Kind of.

If you’re new to the channel or you’ve been watching for a while but haven’t yet

done so then please, subscribe! I make fun and educational videos twice a week with added

gayness and fluffy dogs. Hello to everyone who subscribes just for Walter and Tilly-

did you know they have their own Instagram? I know, they’re getting too big for their

Alexander Bell was born on the 3rd March 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland, to Eliza Grace Bell

and Alexander Melville Bell, a famous phonetician-

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, or—in

the case of sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign.

He had two brothers: Melville James Bell and Edward Charles Bell, both of whom would die

When he was 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.

For his 11th birthday his father allowed him to adopt the middle name "Graham", chosen

out of respect for Alexander Graham, a family friend.

Whilst he was a child, his best friend, Ben Herdman’s, family operated a flour mill

which became the site of his first invention. In the mill wheat had to be dehusked through

a laborious process but at the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined

rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was

put into operation and used steadily for a number of years. In return Ben’s father

gave both boys the run of a small workshop in which to "invent".

Alexander showed a talent for art, poetry and music from an early age, including mastering

the piano without formal training. He was clearly very interested in sounds and apparently

His mother began to lose her hearing when he was 12 and he was deeply affected by this,

even learning a manual finger tapping language so he could sit at her side and silently tap

out what was going on for her. He developed a technique of speaking in clear, modulated

tones directly into his mother's forehead, which apparently she found easier to understand.

Personally, this particular relationship with his mother is what makes his later position

seem so strange to me. He realised that his mother needed something other than spoken

English to understand what was going on… so why did he then push to extinguish that

The Bell family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: Alexander’s grandfather,

uncle and father were all elocutionists. His father’s book The Standard Elocutionist

from 1860 is still well known today. In the book Bell senior explains his method of how

to teach deaf people to articulate words and read other people's lips.

His system ‘Visible Speech’ is much like the modern International Phonetic Alphabet

as one shape corresponds to each sound that is found in human speech as well as notations

for tone, pitch and suction. It’s essentially a kind of mimicry that means you learn how

to correctly position your tongue and lips for each syllable so you can then pronounce

words perfectly, even if you’ve never come across them before or never heard them.

It’s similar to what I do in front of the mirror to train my own voice.

The young Alexander may have taken it a little far however as he took to experimenting on

the family dog. He first taught the terrier to growl continuously then Bell would reach

into its mouth and manipulate the dog's lips and vocal cords to produce specific sounds.

If he did them in the right order, it sounded like the dog was talking!

Bell grew up to teach his father’s Visible Sound method to actual humans. Largely, deaf

ones. He taught at a number of deaf schools including ‘Horace Mann School for the Deaf’

and a number of outposts of the ‘American Asylum for Deaf and Dumb Persons’...

Just going to let that name sink in for a few minutes…

In October 1872, Alexander Bell opened his "School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics

of Speech" in Boston, teaching his father’s system. His first class numbered 30 students

and one of his private pupils was Helen Keller, who later said that Bell dedicated his life

to the penetration of that "inhuman silence which separates and estranges"

Oh just wait for the estrangement to come!

You see, at the time, the most influential people in the field-

- viewed deafness as something that should be eradicated. They believed that with the

proper resources and effort, they could teach deaf people to speak and avoid the use of

sign language, which they saw as being a barrier to communication.

Ie: “a small minority of people have formed their own language so they can easily communicate

with each other and not be isolated. But I can’t understand them so they should be

forced to learn my language and enunciate properly! They would try harder if they felt

At the age of 26 Bell met 15-year-old Mabel Hubbard who became the object of his affection…

she was also one of his pupils. She had lost her hearing after a bout of scarlet fever

when she was five so had already been able to speak and had a head-start in the speech-only

During this time he also began experimenting with the physiology of speech and methods

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誰是 "缺陷種族"！？// 亞歷山大-格雷厄姆-貝爾[CC] (Who Are The 'Defective Race'?! // Alexander Graham Bell [CC])

chronic

apparently

effort

positive