Name: TEDx】最危險的四個字母詞。迪克-西蒙在TEDxBeaconStreet的演講 (【TEDx】The most dangerous four-letter word: Dick Simon at TEDxBeaconStreet)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:54:59.000Z
Duration: 12 min 47 s

as Bernie Madoff, the worst financial criminal

史上最壞的經濟罪犯Bernie Madoff一樣

in history. So perhaps all Jewish transactions,

所以也許所有猶太人的金融交易

extra scrutiny. My Catholic wife seems okay,

更嚴格的檢查，我太太是天主教徒所以好像沒問題

but we all know about the horrors of priests and pedophilia.

但我們都知道有些神父是戀童癖這是很可怕的

因此也許所有的天主教徒，包括我太太Patty

need to undergo some psychological testing. Now my Italian relatives,

都必須接受心理測驗。我的義大利親戚，

we know that they must be tied into the mafia, we've all seen The Godfather and The

我們就認定他們一定和黑手黨有關，大家都看過「教父」和

so we really need to be keeping an eye on them.

「他們」這個字在英語四個字母組成的字中

is used to isolate, to marginalize, to insult.

被用來孤立、邊緣化、羞辱他人

This word has been responsible for the suffering and death

I'm an entrepreneur, passionate photographer,

and have spent much of the last 12 years traveling in conflict regions,

我花了十二年的時間到一些動盪不安的地區旅遊，

getting people to communicate who otherwise would do anything to avoid

促進當地的人們相互溝通，否則他們為了防止另一方對己方不利

with hundreds of top business and government leaders

與數以百計的頂尖企業和政府部門的領導人見面

this four-letter word, I've learned that THEMification,

給這些人帶來的刻板印象，我學會了一個字「非我族類」(暫譯)，

a new word now, THEMification, is often the root of the problems we deal with,

現在是一個新字了，「非我族類」，經常是我們面臨許多問題的根源，

both personally and geopolitically. We all know examples of the horrors

不論是個人或是地緣政治關係造成的。「非我族類」讓大家人心惶惶的例子

that arise from THEMification. Just a few of them - the Nazi Holocaust,

恐怕耳熟能詳。舉例來說：納粹大屠殺、

Rwanda, Darfur, Cambodia and the Killing Fields, the Balkans,

非洲盧旺達大屠殺、蘇丹的達佛大屠殺、柬埔寨大屠殺、巴爾幹大屠殺、

今日的敘利亞。這並非事不關己、並非只是遙遠的「他們」

do to THEM, distant and far away. In America

對另一個「他們」所做的事。在美國

「我們」消滅了美國原住民(印地安人)

as our Manifest Destiny, interned Japanese-Americans,

被認為是「上天賦予的使命」，二戰時拘禁日裔美人，

and profile Arabs and Muslims. Now we all agree security is

將阿拉伯人和穆斯林貼標籤。我們都同意安全是

absolutely essential, no question about that.

But unfortunately it's also sometimes used to rationalize some of these behaviors.

不幸的是有時候卻因此將上述行為合理化。

現在情況雖然好轉了，我們仍然

look at someone who seems different and instantly label as THEM.

對那些看起來和我們不一樣的人立刻貼上「他們」的標籤

So why do we do this? Why do we see others through this lens of THEM?

我們為何如此？我們為何以「他們」的異樣眼光檢視他人？

helped to differentiate families, tribes for protection, bonding, to secure scarce resources.

是用來區別不同的家族、種族，目的在保護自己，連結親密關係，保障稀有資源

Today though, we continue to use THEM to identify with

今日，我們仍然用「他們」來區別

並排除不屬於我們這個圈子的人

But why? An important reason is that the world is overwhelming,

為什麼？有一個重要的原因是這個世界太混亂了

full of confusing, complicated information. To simplify this complexity

充滿了混淆，複雜的訊息。為了簡化這樣錯綜複雜的環境

and to reduce and protect us from ambiguity, which is a very uncomfortable

減少並保護自己因歧義帶來的傷害，這種歧義恍如

也有了刻版印象。將人貼上「他們」

的標籤似乎輕而易舉，但當我們這樣做的時候

to feel, and to empathize. We also, at that point,

去感受、同理他人的能力。同時，我們也因此

see, and hear what we want and expect to find, and what psychologists call

看，和聽我們想要和預期中的答案。這就是心理學家所稱的

confirmation bias. And it doesn't help that the media,

「確認偏誤」。我們總習慣將問題歸咎他人

is just a magnifying glass and mirror for our own biases,

但事實上卻像一面放大鏡反映出我們自己的偏見，

How often do we hear the words Islamist, Muslim, terrorist, Arab, suicide bomber,

有多少次我們聽過這類的字如伊斯蘭教徒、穆斯林、恐怖份子、阿拉伯、自殺炸彈客、

被用來作為「非我族類」代名詞？

filter through which we are taught to see the world.

並強而有力地改變了我們看世界的角度

恐懼是被「他們」造成的。恐懼

is often false expectations appearing real.

We're hard-wired - when the amygdala in our brain senses danger,

我們有一種本能，當大腦的杏仁體感受到危險，

it's designed to protect us. It immediately hijacks

這種本能就可以保護我們。它立即凌駕了

our prefrontal cortex, or our intellect, and  our limbic thinking,

前額葉皮質，或是我們的思維能力，及邊緣思考，

our emotional brain. We go into fight or flight, survival mode.

邊緣思考是由大腦專門管理情緒的部分所掌管。生存模式被啟動，進入戰鬥或逃離的抉擇。

這些反應有其代價。我們犧牲了

see others, our liberties. We sacrifice our humanity

瞭解他人的意願、自由意志，我們也犧牲了人性

every time we allow this automatic THEMification filter

這些都源自於我們戴上「非我族類」的有色眼鏡

It's time to eliminate the use and mindset

現在，我們該消弭這樣的心態和有色眼光。

conscious effort to get past THEM, and it takes courage.

由衷的努力才能超越「他們」這道籓籬，這需要勇氣。

We all want to believe we're good and admitting,

even to ourselves, that we stereotype and exclude others

要坦承這樣的刻板印象和排他行為實在不容易—

is painful. But it is possible. One of the most powerful ways,

即使只是對自己誠實。但要消弭這種心態並非不可能。最有效的方式之一

which I've seen work hundreds of times, is through individual stories.

且屢試不爽，便是透過個人故事。

When we really learn someone's story, THEY become more than a stereotype,

當我們真正學習到發生在某人身上的故事，「他們」就超越了刻板印象，

成為活生生的、真實的、與眾不同的人。

An exercise I've led many times over the past decade,

有一種遊戲我過去十年玩過很多次，

In The Other's Shoes, has each side retelling

這個遊戲叫「設身處地去感受」，由一個人將他

in the first person the story they've just heard from the other;

從另一個人那裏聽到的故事，把自己換成是故事裡的主角，再把這故事講給下一個人聽，

a real-life role play stepping into their shoes.

一個真實的，設身處地站在他人的立場的角色扮演

試著想像一下，一個巴勒斯坦人

'I come out of a cafe in Tel Aviv and hear a loud explosion.

「我從特拉維夫的一個咖啡館出來並且聽到一個巨大爆炸聲

I see my brother-in-law's blood and body parts all

我看到我的舅子淌著鮮血破碎的肢體

over the street, another Palestinian attack.'

散佈在街上，又一個巴勒斯坦人的恐怖攻擊」

And then the Israeli mirrors back what he's heard

接著再由一個以色列人轉換成巴勒斯坦人

from the Palestinian. 'In the middle of the night

講述巴勒斯坦人的故事「半夜的時候

the soldiers storm in to occupy our home. They're screaming at us,

一群以色列士兵衝進來佔領了我家。向我們咆哮 ，

humiliating me in front my family. We're terrified, locked in a small room,

在我家人面前羞辱我。我們都嚇壞了，被關在一個小房間裡。