Name: 【TEDx】孤單的致命力 (The lethality of loneliness: John Cacioppo at TEDxDesMoines)
Uploaded: 2018-02-27T21:59:58.000Z
Duration: 18 min 45 s

理所當然地地球看起來似乎是個平面

The ground beneath you is stable and unmoving,

你腳下的是穩固且恆久不動的地面

elaborate theories were developed based on these common sense observations

許多複雜的理論都是基於這些生活常識發展而來

to explain and predict the reach of the oceans

用來解釋與預測目前能觸及的海洋範圍

When science demonstrated that these common sense observations were illusions,

當科學方法驗證這些常識都只是幻覺

and depicted the Earth and the Universe in a completely different way,

並以截然不同的方式描繪這個地球及宇宙時

people slowly came to accept that the world was not as it seemed.

人們慢慢接受這個世界似乎不是他們看到的這樣

Scientific measurements and sophisticated calculations

what we think is intuitive,  obvious and common sense

那些我們認為很直觀、很顯而易見，猶如常識般的事實

For that reason, modern science is based on the denial of common sense

因此，現代科學就是基於否定這些常識

when science confirms a particular way of thinking about our mind and behaviour,

當科學證實一個有關我們的心智與行為的特殊思維方式

or depicts it in an unusual and a new way,

或是以一個新的、不同於平常的方式描繪時

we tend to be skeptical that such a science is worthwhile

我們傾向於懷疑這樣的科學結果是不是值得相信

And instead, we fall back on intuition, prior beliefs, and yes, common sense.

相反的，我們寧願回歸到直覺、信念以及，常識

scientific research's demonstrated that opposites attract,

科學研究結果顯示同極相斥、異極相吸

wouldn't you tell me  that we don't need a science to tell us something we already know?

難道你們不會告訴我，我們不需要科學來證明這些早就知道的事情？

But what if I told you that birds of a feather flock together according to scientific research,

但如果我告訴你根據科學研究，鳥類有聚集現象

wouldn't you say,  we don't need a science to tell us something we already know?

你們不會說，我們不需要科學來告訴我們這些已經知道的事？

of course, that these both may be self-evident truths,

當然，這兩個或許都是不證自明的事實

The science of mind and behaviour is full of such examples:

像這樣的例子在心智與行為科學裡到處皆是

self-evident truths that both can't be true.

不證自明的事實，兩者都不可能為真理

and we know that too many cooks spoil the broth.

我們也知道，廚子成群，煮壞肉羹

The next time you hear a science report of some obvious result,

下次你聽到一個有著明顯結果的科學報告時

remember that the obvious result was equally obvious,

記住這明顯的結果同樣地顯而易見，

It's obvious there we're rugged individualists.

很顯然地，我們是完全的個人主義

We're born to the most prolonged period of dependency,

我們出生後便要渡過最長的依賴期

but in our transition to adulthood, we achieve autonomy, independence,

但在成年期之後，我們開始自治、獨立

It's easily (easy) to think about our brain,

我們可以將我們的腦袋看得很單純

how's deep within a cranial vault, separated, isolated, protected from others,

在頭蓋骨下有多少容量，由其他器官組織分開、獨立、保護著

other individuals certainly look distinct,  independent, self vicinities

其他個體當然看起來與眾不同、獨立

沒有強硬的規範便發展出自己的領域

born dependent on our parents,  for our species to survive,

生下來便得依靠我們的父母，為了我們的物種生存

these infants must instantly engage their parents in protective behaviour

這些嬰兒必須立即進入父母的保護傘下

and the parents must care enough about these offspring  to nurture and protect them.

父母們也必須妥善照顧這些幼童，給予充足養份並保護他們

Even once grown, we are not particularly splendid specimens.

即使長大了，我們也不是特別了不起的種類

and fight much more effectively than we can.

is our brain and our ability to communicate, plan and reason and work together.

就是我們的腦袋，還有溝通、計畫、推導、合作的能力

Our survival depends on our collective abilities,

我們的生存能力依賴群體能力而定

We are connected across our lifespan to one another,

我們將自己的生命與他人連結在一起

they're, like gravity, are ubiquitous and powerful.

就像地心引力，無所不在且強大

After all, social species, by definition,  create a merging structures

畢竟，群居物種，就定義上來說，創造了一個可以不斷合併的組織

可以透過一個一個生物個體擴張

structures that range from couples and families

These structures evolved hand in hand with neural, hormonal and genetic mechanisms to support them

這些組織在神經系統、荷爾蒙分泌系統、遺傳基因的機制運作下攜手進化

To grow to an adulthood for a social species, including humans,

對群居物種來說，進入成年期，包括人類

is not to become autonomous and solitary,

it's to become the one on whom others can depend.

Whether we know it or not,  our brain and biology

不論我們是否知道這個事實，我們的頭腦與身體

已經被打造得有利於這樣的演變

The evolutionary biologist,  David Sloan Wilson,

一位演化生物學家，David Sloan Wilson

「 什麼是一個好人具備的特徵？ 」

you'll hear traits such as kind,  generous, compassionate and empathic.

你會聽到如仁慈的、慷慨的、有同情心的、有同理心的

If you ask people what are the traits of an evil person,

如果你問人們，一個壞人有什麼樣的特徵

殘忍的、貪婪的、刻薄的與自私的

Said differently,  the traits of a good person

depict someone who cares about themselves and others,

描述一個人在乎的是他們自己與他人

and an evil person cares about themselves

our brain and biology have been sculpted to incline us

我們的頭腦與身體已經被雕塑成傾向

to certain ways of feeling,  thinking and behaving.

以特定的方式來感受、思考與行動

we have a number of  biological machineries

that capitalise on aversive signals to motivate us to act

利用反感信號來刺激我們做出行動

in ways that are essential  for our survival.

Hunger, for instance,  is triggered by low blood sugar

例如飢餓，是由低血糖引發的反應

an important early warning system for an organism

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【TEDx】孤單的致命力 (The lethality of loneliness: John Cacioppo at TEDxDesMoines)

perspective

stick

individual

obvious