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  • Can you read in the car?

    你能夠在車上看書嗎?

  • If so, consider yourself pretty lucky.

    如果可以,那麼你是很幸運了。

  • For about one-third of the population, looking at a book while moving along in a car, or a boat, or train, or plane, quickly makes them sick to their stomach.

    對於約三分之一的人口來說,不論是在車上、船上、火車上還是飛機上看書,都可以讓他們反胃想吐。

  • But why do we get motion sickness in the first place?

    但人類究竟為什麼會有旅行暈眩的狀況呢?

  • Well, believe it or not, scientists aren't exactly sure.

    信不信由你,但連科學家都不太確定。

  • The most common theory has to do with mismatched sensory signals.

    最常見的理論與感知訊號的錯配有關。

  • When you travel in a car, your body is getting two very different messages.

    當你坐在車子裡時,你的身體會接收到兩種非常不同的訊息。

  • Your eyes are seeing the inside of a vehicle, which doesn't seem to be moving.

    你的雙眼看著汽車似乎完全靜止的內部。

  • Meanwhile, your ear is actually telling your brain you're accelerating.

    同時,你的耳朵卻告訴大腦你正在加速移動。

  • Wait, your ear?

    等等,你的耳朵?

  • Yeah, your ear actually has another important function besides hearing.

    沒錯,你的耳朵除了聽力之外,其實還有另一個重要功能。

  • In its innermost part lies a group of structures known as the vestibular system, which gives us our sense of balance and movement.

    在耳朵最深處,有一組稱為「前庭系統」的結構,讓人類得以擁有平衡感和動感。

  • Inside there are three semicircular tubules that can sense rotation, one for each dimension of space.

    其中有三個可以感應旋轉的半規管,內部每個維度空間有一個。

  • And there are also two hair-lined sacks that are filled with fluid.

    還有兩個充滿液體、內壁佈滿細毛的囊袋。

  • So when you move, the fluid shifts and tickles the hairs, telling your brain whether you are moving horizontally or vertically.

    所以當你在移動時,液體會波動並搔弄毛細胞,告訴大腦你是水平或垂直移動。

  • With all these combined, your body can sense which direction you're moving in, how much you've accelerated, even at what angle.

    這些綜合在一起後,你的身體可以感知你的移動方向、加速程度,甚至是移動角度。

  • So, when you are in the car, your vestibular system correctly senses your movement, but your eyes don't see it, especially if they are glued to a book.

    所以當你在車子裡時,你的前庭系統正確地感應到你的動作,但是你的眼睛沒有偵測到,尤其如果你又緊盯著書本。

  • The opposite can happen, too.

    相反狀況也有可能。

  • Say you are sitting in a movie theater and the camera makes a broad, sweeping move.

    假設你坐在電影院裡,鏡頭有了大幅的移動。

  • This time, it's your eyes that think you're moving while your ear knows that you're sitting still.

    這時,是眼睛以為你在移動,但耳朵知道你坐著不動。

  • But why does this conflicting information have to make us feel so terrible?

    但這種相牴觸的資訊,為什麼非得讓我們感到這麼糟糕呢?

  • Scientists aren't sure about that either, but they think that there's an evolutionary explanation.

    科學家對這一點也不太確定,但他們認為有一個演化論上的解釋說法。

  • You see, both fast moving vehicles and video recordings have only existed in the last couple of centuries, barely a blink in evolutionary time.

    是這樣的,快速移動的車輛以及錄影畫面只存在於僅幾個世紀,對於演化時間來說不過是一眨眼的事。

  • For most of our history, there just wasn't that much that could cause this kind of sensory mix-up.

    綜觀人類歷史,多半沒有太多會造成這種感官錯亂的東西。

  • Except for poisons.

    除了毒藥。

  • And because poisons are not the best thing for survival, our bodies evolved a very direct but not very pleasant way to get rid of whatever we might have eaten that was causing the confusion.

    又因為毒藥對生存不是什麼好東西,人體演化出一個直接又不太舒服的方式,排除我們誤食、造成錯亂的任何東西。

  • This theory seems pretty reasonable, but it leaves a lot of things unexplained, like why women are more affected by motion sickness than men, or why passengers get more nauseous than drivers.

    這個理論看似合理,但仍有很多未解之謎,例如女性為何較容易受旅行暈眩影響,或者乘客為什麼比駕駛更容易反胃。

  • Another theory suggests that the cause may have more to do with the way some unfamiliar situations make it harder to maintain our natural body posture.

    另一個理論建議暗示,起因可能與某些陌生情境讓人類較難以維持自然姿勢有關。

  • Studies have shown that being immersed in water or just changing your stance can greatly reduce the effects of motion sickness.

    研究顯示,沉浸在水之中或是改變站姿可以大幅降低旅行暈眩的影響。

  • But, again, we don't really know what's going on.

    不過,我們一樣不太清楚就事發生了什麼事。

  • We all do know some of the more common remedies for car queasiness

    我們都知道一些克服暈車的常見妙方──

  • looking at the horizon, chewing gum, taking over-the-counter pills

    眺望水平線、嚼口香糖、吃暈車藥──

  • but none of these are totally reliable, nor can they handle really intense motion sickness.

    但這些都不是完全可靠,也不能解決嚴重的旅行暈眩。

  • And sometimes, the stakes are far higher than just not being bored during a long car ride.

    而有時候,情勢比希望長途搭車不無聊還要重大。

  • At NASA, where astronauts are hurled into space at 17,000 miles per hour, motion sickness is a serious problem.

    在美國太空總署,太空人以每小時 17,000 英里的速度被拋入太空中,旅行暈眩變成很嚴重的問題。

  • So, in addition to researching the latest space-age technologies, NASA also spends a lot of time trying to figure out how to keep astronauts from vomiting up their carefully prepared space rations.

    所以除了研究最新的航太科技,太空總署也花了大把時間研究如何防止太空人吐掉嚴謹配給的食糧。

  • Much like understanding the mysteries of sleep or curing the common cold,

    就像了解睡眠的奧秘或是治癒感冒一樣,

  • Motion sickness remains one of those seemingly simple problems that, despite amazing scientific progress, we still know very little about.

    旅行暈眩仍舊屬於看起來很簡單,但無論科學有多卓越的進步,我們都了解甚少的問題。

  • Perhaps one day, the exact cause of motion sickness will be found, and with it, a completely effective way to prevent it.

    或許有一天,旅行暈眩的確切起因會被發現,完全有效的預防方式也會隨之而來。

  • But that day is still on the horizon.

    但那一天,還沒到來。

Can you read in the car?

你能夠在車上看書嗎?

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