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  • Quantum computers are on the horizon, and theyve been stuck there for quite some

  • time.

  • All the theoretical advantages they promise over classical computers, like speeding up

  • drug development, helping to manufacture room temperature superconductors, and cracking

  • encryption remain just that: theoretical.

  • However, a leaked paper from Google claims that for the first time a quantum computer

  • used its unique quantum properties to absolutely dominate a classical computer in a specific

  • task, demonstrating what’s known asquantum supremacy.”

  • The paper was posted in September of 2019 on NASA’s website, since NASA and Google

  • are collaborating on the project.

  • Almost as suddenly as it appeared, it was taken down again.

  • But this is the internet, and Google of all companies should know that the internet is

  • forever.

  • The paper was copied and made widely available.

  • Anyone can still read it.

  • I read it.

  • A lot of it was utterly bewildering to me, a humble internet host, but I still read it

  • for you, dear viewer.

  • Luckily for me and you, actual experts in quantum computing read it too and weighed

  • in on what it means.

  • First off, they caution that it’s not yet published in a scientific journal so it may

  • not be the final version or even peer reviewed.

  • We shouldn’t get too ahead of ourselves and declare this the end of data security

  • as we know it, as some have been suggesting.

  • Experts also point out that Google’s quantum computer bested a classical computer in a

  • task that was tailor made to exploit the quantum computer’s strengths.

  • The computer was asked to simulate the outputs of a pseudo randomquantum circuit,”

  • basically a number generator.

  • I say pseudo-random because due to quantum interference, some of the numbers it generates

  • should have a higher probability of occurring than others.

  • If the quantum computer works correctly, it should produce a cluster of numbers that line

  • up with what we statistically expect to see.

  • Well surprise surprise, according to this paper the computer that uses quantum phenomena

  • to operate was better at predicting how quantum phenomena would generate numbers than a classical

  • computer.

  • But you may be shocked to learn just how much it stomps its supercomputer rivals.

  • While the Google machine churned through a million randomly generated numbers in 200

  • seconds, the paper estimates the most powerful supercomputer on Earth today would do the

  • same task, if it just had 10,000 years to do it.

  • Not bad for a chip with just 54 quantum bits, or qubits, one of which wasn’t working.

  • So if the leaked paper is to be believed, then yes, Google has demonstrated quantum

  • supremacy.

  • No one said the task the quantum computer demonstrated had to be useful for it to count.

  • And no one said that this means it’s time to throw our old hardware in the bin either.

  • Quantum computers still have a long way to go.

  • Namely the biggest problem with them remains errors caused by qubits decaying and losing

  • information stored on them.

  • To make what’s known as a logical qubit that’s more coherent requires hundreds or

  • thousands of physical qubits whose errors cancel each other out.

  • And a quantum computer capable of cracking encryption would require thousands of logical

  • qubits.

  • Right now the most physical qubits weve ever put together is 72, and that computer

  • was actually too difficult to control.

  • For quite some time it appears encrypted data will remain uncrackable.

  • But that doesn’t mean that Google’s demonstration of quantum supremacy in this one esoteric

  • task is insignificant.

  • This is quite a milestone that computer scientists have been working towards for decades.

  • If their work checks out,it will be a major step towards putting quantum computers to

  • work solving problems that so far have been out of reach.

  • Problems that really matter, like developing life saving drugs faster, or inventing new

  • wonder materials.

  • So if and when this paper gets published, let’s all act really surprised and congratulate

  • the researchers, okay?

  • Quantum computers rely on superconductors to function, which have to be kept at extremely

  • low temperatures.

  • If a quantum computer can help develop room temperature superconductors, that could be

  • a vital step to a quantum PC you could have at home.

  • If superconductors pique your interest and you want to know more about the wild possibilities

  • they could unlock, check out Maren’s video here.

  • Make sure you subscribe to Seeker to keep up to date will all your quantum news, and

  • as always, thanks for watching.

Quantum computers are on the horizon, and theyve been stuck there for quite some

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谷歌剛剛實現了 "量子至上"? (Did Google Just Achieve 'Quantum Supremacy'?)

  • 17 1
    林宜悉 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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