with a brave park ranger named Orpheus

當我遇見一位叫做 Orpheus 的 勇敢野生動物保護員

and an injured buffalo.

以及一頭負傷的水牛

And Orpheus looked at the buffalo on the ground, and he looked at me,

Orpheus 看著地上的水牛 然後轉頭凝視著我

and as our eyes met, there was an unspoken grief between the three of us.

當我們目光相遇的時候 一種潛在的悲痛緊扣在我們三個之間

She was a beautifully wild and innocent creature,

她是一頭美麗又無辜的野生動物

and Orpheus lifted the muzzle of his rifle to her ear. (Gunshot)

Orpheus 解開手中步槍的保險栓 對著她的耳朵扣下了板機（槍聲）

And at that moment, she started to give birth.

那個時候，她正準備要生下小牛

As life slipped from the premature calf, we examined the injuries.

當我們開始檢測她的傷勢時 發現早產小牛的生命正在流失

Her back leg had been caught in an eight-strand wire snare.

原來她的後腿一直都陷在線圈套中

She'd fought for freedom [for] so hard and so long

為了爭取自由，她是那麼努力掙扎

that she'd ripped her pelvis in half.

堅持了好長一段時間

Well, she was finally free.

不過，最終她還是得到了自由

Ladies and gentlemen, today I feel a great sense of responsibility

各位先生、女士 今晚我背負著沉重的責任

in speaking to you on behalf of those that never could.

代表那些沒辦法做這件事的動物們發言

Their suffering is my grief, is my motivation.

牠們的痛苦是我的悲傷 也是我前進的動力

Martin Luther King best summarises my call to arms here today.

馬丁．路德．金恩有段話 能總結今天我要說我的一切

He said, "There comes a time when one must take a position that's neither safe,

他說：「總有那麼一天， 人們做的選擇不該是安全

nor politic, nor popular.

也不是政治，更不是流行

But he must take that position because his conscience tells him that it's right."

但他一定要做出那個選擇

Because his conscience tells him it is right.

因為他的良心告訴他，那才是正確的」

At the end of this talk I'm gonna ask you all a question.

在結束前，我會問你們一個問題

That question is the only reason I traveled here today

這個問題是今天我遠從 非洲大草原來到這裡的唯一原因

all the way from the African savanna.

這個問題潔淨了我的靈魂

That question for me has cleansed my soul.

而你的答案會永遠跟隨著你

How you answer that question will always be yours.

當我是個小男孩的時候 我看了電影《綠野仙蹤》

I remember watching the movie The Wizard of Oz as a young kid,

我從不害怕巫婆或飛猴

and I was never scared of the witch or the flying monkeys.

我最害怕的是，我會像故事裡的那隻獅子 沒有勇氣的長大成人

My greatest fear was that I'd grow up like the Lion, without courage.

等我長大了總是問自己 我覺得自己勇敢嗎？

And I grew up always asking myself if I thought I'd be brave?

多年後，桃樂絲排除萬難回到坎薩斯

Well, years after Dorothy had made her way back to Kansas,

而獅子也找到了牠的勇氣

and the Lion had found his courage,

我走進一間紋身店

I walked into a tattoo parlor and had the words

並在胸口紋上「尋找和摧毀」的刺青

'Seek and Destroy' tattooed across my chest.

我認為這會讓我強大且勇敢

And I thought that'd make me big and brave.

但是這些感觸卻花了我 近十年的時間來化為文字

But it'd take me almost a decade to grow into those words.

當我 20 歲時，我是海軍的清潔潛水夫

By the age of 20 I'd become a clearance diver in the navy.

25 歲時，身為特戰部隊的狙擊手

By 25, as a special operations sniper,

如果要從 700 米外擊中移動中的目標頭部

I knew exactly how many clicks of elevation I needed on the scope of my rifle

我能精準地從瞄準器上判斷 來福槍的準星要向上調整幾響

to take a headshot on a moving target from 700m away.

我能確切的估算要使用多少克的高爆發性炸藥

I knew exactly how many grams of high explosives it takes

能夠在短距離中炸開鋼板門

to blast through a steel plate door from only a few meters away,

並且不會波及我自己和我身後的團隊

without blowing myself, or my team, up behind me.

我知道巴格達是多麼低劣的地方 只要「砰」的一聲

And I knew that Baghdad was a shitty place, and when things go bang,

嗯，人就死了

well, people die.

回歸正題，當我還不懂 什麼叫做保育的時候

Now back then, I'd no idea what a conservationist did,

我以為那只是去擁抱樹 和惹大型企業生氣的事情（笑聲）

other than hug trees and piss off large corporations. (Laughter)

我知道他們有綁辮子 我知道他們抽大麻（笑聲）

I knew they had dreadlocks. I knew they smoked dope. (Laughter)

過去我從來沒有真正的關心過環境 為什麼我要關心？

I didn't really give a shit about the environment, and why should I?

我還曾經像個白癡似的在路上 開車時加快速度試著去撞鳥

I was the idiot that used to speed up in his car just trying to hit birds on the road.

過去我的生活裡不存在保育

My life was a world away from conservation.

我曾經在真正的生活中花了九年

I'd just spent nine years doing things in real life

去做一件大部分人覺得只會發生 在遊戲機內的射擊槍殺工作

most people wouldn't dream of trying on a Playstation.

經過十二次出兵至伊拉克作為所謂的傭兵 我學到了一個非常專業的技能：

Well, after 12 tours to Iraq as a so-called 'mercenary', the skills I had were good for one thing:

那就是我成為了一個毀滅性的程式

I was programmed to destroy.

回頭看過去我所做的每件事 以及去過的每個地方

Looking back now, on everything I've done, and the places I've been,

在我心裡，我只做過一件真正勇敢的事

in my heart, I've only ever performed one true act of bravery.

那只是一個簡單的決定： 「要」或「不要」

And that was a simple choice of deciding 'Yes' or deciding 'No'.

但這件事完整地定義了我

But it was that one act which defines me completely

而且確保在我是誰和我做的事之間 不會有一絲分岐

and ensures there'll never be separation between who I am, and what I do.

當我終於遠離伊拉克時，我卻迷失了

When I finally left Iraq behind me I was lost.

我不知道該何去何從

Yeah I felt – ahh – I just had no idea where I was going in life

我不知道自己要做什麼 我在 2009 年初抵達非洲

or where I was meant to be and I arrived in Africa at the beginning of 2009.

當時我 29 歲

I was aged 29 at the time.

不知怎麼的，當我感到一團混亂的時候 我總能發現我的目標

Somehow, I always knew I'd find a purpose amongst chaos,

事情就這麼開始了

and that's exactly what happened.

雖然我沒料到自己會在 辛巴威的叢林裡找到目標

I'd no idea though, I'd find it in a remote part of the Zimbabwe bush.

我們四處巡查，禿鷹就在上空中盤旋

And we were patrolling along, and the vultures circled in the air

當我們一步步接近死亡的惡臭 空氣中就像是一層厚厚的面紗

and as we got closer the stench of death hung there, in the air like a thick, dark veil,

吸光你肺中的氧氣

and sucked the oxygen out of your lungs.

當我們更接近一些

And as we got closer, there was a great bull elephant,

一頭失去臉龐的大公象側躺著

resting on its side, with its face cut away.

我的世界靜止了

And the world around me stopped.

我被深沉、巨大的悲傷籠罩著

I was consumed by a deep and overwhelming sadness.

看著無辜的動物這樣被殺死 這樣的感受是我從未面臨過的打擊

Seeing innocent creatures killed like this hit me in a way like nothing before.

在我還是青少年時，我曾偷獵動物 那是我想在死時帶著一起埋葬的回憶

I'd actually poached as a teenager and they're memories I'll take to the grave.

時間改變了我許多 我的內在已全然不同

Time had changed me though; something inside wasn't the same.

那種事不會再發生了

And it's never gonna be again.

我問自己：「比起那隻大象 需要自己的臉的程度

I asked myself, "Does that elephant need its face

某個亞洲人更需要在桌面上 放上牠的象牙嗎？」

more than some guy in Asia needs a tusk on his desk?"

當然那很血腥，但在這裡那不是重點

Well of course it bloody does, that was irrelevant.

現在最重要的事情是：

All that mattered there and then was:

我是否願意拿出勇氣放棄生命中的一切 來幫助動物不再受苦？

Would I be brave enough to give up everything in my life

這是我生命的關鍵時刻：

to try and stop the suffering of animals?

願意，還是不願意？

This was the one true defining moment of my life:

第二天我聯繫了我的家人 然後開始賣掉了我的房子

Yes or no?

對一個明智的傭兵而言 賺取資產最快最多的方式來自於戰爭

I contacted my family the next day and began selling all my houses.

我一生的積蓄都開始拿來用在 推動國際反盜獵基金會

These are assets a well-advised mercenary quickly acquires with the proceeds of war.

國際反盜獵基金會是一個 採取直接行動與執法的機構

My life-savings have since been used to found and grow

從交換衛星科技到有國際認證的的保護員

the International Anti-Poaching Foundation.

我們每天都在戰鬥 希望把軍事解決方式用來

The IAPF is a direct-action, law enforcement organization.

保護這道細小的綠色保育線

From drone technology, to an international qualification for rangers,

現在看來，我的故事可能有點獨特

we're battling each and every day to bring military solutions

但我並不打算用它 來談我正在工作的組織

to conservation's thin green line.

否則我可能就會變成一個很棒的募款人

Now my story may be slightly unique,

（笑聲與掌聲）

but I'm not going to use it to talk to you today about the organization I run --

請記住，今晚的問題我會問到底

in what probably could have been a pretty good fundraiser.

我不可能起床後到這裡 只是為了談論拯救野生動物

(Laughter) (Applause)

因為我知道動物福利 在社會中有更廣泛的問題

Remember, today is about the question I'm gonna ask you at the end.

在我看到那隻大象的幾年之後 有天我起得特別早

Because it's impossible for me to get up here and talk about just saving wildlife

我已經知道了我總是 問自己的那個問題的答案了

when I know the problem of animal welfare is much broader throughout society.

但這是第一次我將它化為文字：

A few years after I saw that elephant I woke up very early one morning.

「到底一頭牛的生命價值 是否比我享受燒烤 BBQ 更重要？」

I already knew the answer to the question I was about to ask myself,

這段時間裡我一直內疚著 「物種歧視」這個詞

but it was the first time I'd put it into words:

物種歧視就像是一種 種族歧視或是性別歧視

Does a cow value its life more than I enjoy a barbecue?

它涉及了對不同價值、權利 或是針對個人特殊需求的分配

See, I'd been guilty all this time of what's termed 'speciesism'.

只考慮他或他們的身分

Speciesism is very much the same as racism or sexism.

當我發現這是為了滿足日常生活的方便

It involves the allocation of a different set of values,

所產生的彈性道德觀 我感到十分噁心

rights or special considerations to individuals,

你看，我一直愛指責亞洲地區 對象牙和犀牛角貪得無厭的需求

based solely on who or what they are.

他們為了蓬勃發展經濟增長的方式

The realisation of the flexible morality

加速了野生動物的非法交易

I'd used to suit my everyday conveniences made me sick in the stomach.

當我醒來的那個早上

See, I'd loved blaming parts of Asia for their insatiable demand for ivory and rhino horn,

我意識到，即使我奉獻生命去拯救動物

and the way the region's booming economic growth

我的內心並沒有比那些偷獵者

is dramatically increasing the illegal wildlife trade.

或是亞洲那些將象牙飾品 擺在辦公桌上的人好多少

When I woke up that morning though I realised,

由於這種「過度消費的肉食者」 我把這些動物稱為「禽獸」

even though I'd dedicated my life to saving animals,

然而在現實中，我一直都是個禽獸：

in my mind I was no better than a poacher,

破壞性的服從

or the guy in Asia with a tusk on his desk.

我是習慣的奴隸，對良知冷血的人

As this 'over-consumptive meat-eater' I'd referred to some animals as 'beasts'.

我們不能否認我們知道 這些動物都有感情

When in reality I'd been the beast: destructively obedient,

具有感受痛苦、孤獨

a slave to my habits, a cold shoulder to my conscience.

和恐懼的能力

We've all had contact with pets or other animals in our lives.

就如同我們一樣，每種動物 都有表達知足的能力

We can't deny our understanding of the feelings that each animal has.

建立家庭結構 以及滿足基本的本能和慾望

The ability to suffer pain or loneliness.

但是對很多人來說

And to fear.

我們盡可能讓想像力探索時

Like us also, each animal has the ability to express contentment,

知道真相會對我們生活習慣帶來許不多便

to build family structures, and want of satisfying basic instincts and desires.

購買產品以及實際將產品 帶到市場的成本之間

For many of us though,

有著很大的落差

that's as far as we allow our imagination to explore

動物被用像商品的方式對待 變成了我們的資產

before the truth inconveniences our habits.

我們把殺了一個人類，稱為「謀殺」 在還沒有建立合法和非法的行業裡

The disconnect that exists between consuming a product

當人類被捲入時這將成為一種酷刑

and the reality it takes to bring that product to market is a phenomenon to itself.

我們付錢請人對這些動物做這些事情時 我們沒有人會親自參與動手

Animals are treated like commodities and referred to as property.

只因為我們不想看見這個市場關閉 但並不意味著我們不需要承擔責任

We call it 'murder' to kill a human being yet create legal and illegal industries

以討論「物種岐視」一詞為名的 彼得•辛格（Peter Singer）曾寫到：

out of what would be regarded as torture if humans were involved.

「雖然動物和人類之間可能會有差異

And we pay people to do things to animals that none of us would engage in personally.

但是他們都有同樣感受苦痛的能力

Just because we don't see it up close does not mean we're not responsible.

我們應該給予這樣的苦痛對等的關懷

Peter Singer, the man who popularised the term 'speciesism' wrote,

允許對類似情況有不同等的對待方式

"Although there may be differences between animals and humans

都不夠格稱為一種可接受的道德理論。」

they each share the ability to suffer.

今年全世界大概有 650 億隻動物 在畜牧工廠中被宰殺

And we must give equal consideration to that suffering.

多少隻動物的生命才值得一條人命呢？

Any position that allows similar cases to be treated in a dissimilar fashion

這個演講廳裡，一名肉食者平均 一輩子可以消耗大約 8,000 隻動物

fails to qualify as an acceptable moral theory."

海洋汙染、全球暖化，以及森林砍伐

Around the world this year 65 billion animals will be killed in factory farms.

正將我們帶往下一個大滅絕

How many animals' lives is one human's life worth?

而肉品產業是造成這些現象的最主要原因

A meat-eater in this room will consume, on average, 8,000 animals in their lifetime.

非法的野生動物交易，現在已名列為 世界最嚴重的犯罪產業之一

Ocean pollution, global warming and deforestation

與槍枝、毒品以及非法交易齊名

are driving us towards the next great mass-extinction

阻止這股蹂躪的力量得仰賴於

and the meat industry is the greatest negative factor in all of these phenomena.

一個國際社群有意願

The illegal traffic in wildlife now ranks as one of the largest criminal industries in the world --

進行干預，並且保護這些垂死的世界珍寶

it's up there with drugs, guns and human trafficking.

動物實驗

The ability to stop this devastation

如果動物跟人類如此相似 我們可以用牠們做為人類的替代品

lies in the willingness of an international community

那麼無疑地是，他們和我們有同樣的特質

to step in and preserve a dying global treasure.

這代表他們也應該受到保護，遠離傷害

Experimentation on animals –

不管我們正在講的是畜牧工廠 牲畜出口、動物偷獵還是毛皮交易

If animals are so like us that we can substitute using them instead of humans

在邏輯上，這些對我來說都是一樣的

then surely they have the very same attributes

受苦就是受苦

that mean they deserve to be protected from harm?

謀殺就是謀殺

Whether we're talking about factory farming, live export, poaching, the fur trade,

越多無助的受害者

logically, it's all on the same playing field to me.

就代表著越可怕的犯罪

Suffering is suffering,

下次，你認為一個愛好動物者太過情緒化

and murder is murder.

太過熱血，甚至是有點瘋狂

And the more helpless the victim,

請記得，我們用不同的角度看世界

the more horrific the crime.

再過幾天，我的兒子就要誕生了

Next time you think an animal lover is too emotional,

我發現自己疑惑著： 「他要進入什麼樣的世界？」

too passionate, or even a little crazy, please remember

我們會是讓人類 被定義為失敗者的世代嗎？

we see things through a different lens.

我相信我們這一代得到的評價會來自於

So in a few days, my son's gonna be born.

我們是否有足夠的道德勇氣去捍衛對的事

I find myself wondering, "What kind of world is he entering?"

而那些有意義的行動 都需要某個程度上的犧牲

Are we gonna be the generation that defines our failure as a species?

嗯，現在我把自己毫無保留地奉獻給動物

I believe our generation will be judged

當我褪去身邊的所有物質

by our moral courage to protect what's right.

我會看見自己也是動物

And that every worthwhile action requires a level of sacrifice.

我們是個大家庭 一起生活在同一個星球上

Well, I now offer myself, without reservation, to animals.

在這個星球上的五百萬種物種中

And when I strip away all the material belongings around me,

只有一種物種有能力決定 要讓其他有知覺的生物承受

I see that I too, am an animal.

什麼程度的痛苦是可接受的

We're family. Together on one planet.

不管是少吃肉

And of the five million species on that planet,

或是在對抗盜獵上盡一分心力 又或是為那些無法講話的生物發聲

only one has the power to determine what level of suffering is acceptable

我們都有選擇的機會

for all other sentient beings to endure.

我們在生活中做小小的改變 對其他物種會是大大的改變

Whether it's eating less meat,

那麼，回到最初的討論

contributing to the fight against poaching or speaking up for the voiceless,

我在這裡的目的是要問你：

we all have choices.

「下次你如果有機會為動物做些不一樣的

And small changes in our lives mean big changes in others' [lives].

你會有足夠的勇氣嗎？

So now back to the beginning.

有還是沒有？

My reason for being here is my question for you:

謝謝大家

next time you have an opportunity to make a difference for animals,

will you be brave enough?

Yes or no?

Thank you very much.

(Applause)