Name: 恐怖主義、戰爭和布什43：美國曆史速成班#46。 (Terrorism, War, and Bush 43: Crash Course US History #46)
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Hi, I’m John Green, this is CrashCourse U.S. history and today we’ve done it! WE’VE

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FINALLY REACHED THE 21st CENTURY! Today, we boldly go where no history course

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has gone before, because your teacher ran out of time and never made it to the present.

Also, if you’re preparing for the AP test it’s unlikely that today’s video will

be helpful to you because, you know, they never get to this stuff.

Mr. Green, Mr. Green? Awesome, free period. Yeah, Me From the Past, there’s no such

thing as a free period. There’s only time, and how you choose to use it.

Also, Me From the Past, we’re in your future, hold on I’ve got to take this stuff off

it’s hard to take me seriously with that. We’re in the future for you which means

that you are learning important things about the you who does not yet exist.

You know about Lady GaGa, Kanye and Kim, Bieber, well you’re not going to find out about

any of those things because this is a history class, but it’s still going to be interesting.

INTRO So the presidency of George W. Bush may not

end up on your AP exam, but it’s very important when it comes to understanding the United

States that we live in today The controversy starts with the 2000 Election.

Democratic presidential candidate Al “I invented the Internet” Gore was sitting

Vice President, and he asked Bill Clinton not to campaign much because a lot of voters

kind of hated Bill Clinton. The republican candidate was George W. Bush,

governor of Texas and unlike his father a reasonably authentic Texan.

You know, as people from Connecticut go. Bush was a former oil guy and baseball team

owner and he was running as a Compassionate Conservative, which meant he was organizing

a coalition of religious people and fiscal conservatives.

And that turned out to be a very effective coalition and George W Bush got a lot of votes.

He did not however get as many votes as Al Gore.

But as you’ll no doubt remember from earlier in Crash Course US History, in the United

States presidential elections are not decided by popular vote. They are decided by the Electoral

College. So the election was incredibly close. It solidified

the Red-Blue divide that has become a trope for politicians since. And in the end Gore

won the popular vote by about 500,000 votes. However, Al Gore did not have the necessary

electoral votes to become president. Unless he won Florida. Did he win Florida? I don’t

even want to go there… In Florida the vote was ridiculously close,

but George W Bush had a gigantic advantage which is that his brother, Jeb Bush, was the

governor of Florida. So when it came time to certify the election

Jeb was like, “Yeah. My brother won. No big deal.” But then the Gore campaign sued

to have a recount by hand which is allowed under Florida law.

But then Bush’s lawyers asked the Supreme Court to intervene and they did. Their decision

in Bush v. Gore remains rather controversial. They ruled that the recount should be stopped,

interfering with a state law and also a state’s electoral process, which is a weird decision

for strict constructionists to make. However, one of the strong points of the United

States these past couple centuries has been that sometimes we have the opportunity to

go to war over whether this person or that person should be president and we chose not

to. So regardless of whether you think the recount

should have gone on, or George W Bush should have been elected, he was, and he set to work

implementing his campaign promises, including working on a missile defence system that was

very similar to Star Wars. And that was Ronald Reagan’s Star Wars,

not George Lucas’ Star Wars. Man if we could get a federally funded new Star Wars trilogy

that doesn’t suck that would be awesome. Anyway, in the first 100 days of his presidency

Bush also barred federal funding for stem cell research, and he supported oil drilling

in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. And speaking of environmental policy, the

Bush administration announced that it would not abide by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on carbon

emissions and that didn’t go over well with environmentalists in the U.S. or in all of

these green parts of not-America because they were like, “You guys made all the carbon.”

To which we said, “This is America.” Libertage

Bush also attempted education reform with the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandated

that states implement “rigorous” standards and testing regimes to prove that those standards

were being met. The No Child Left Behind Act is especially

controversial with teachers who are great friends of Crash Course US History so we will

say nothing more. Most importantly, George W Bush pushed through

the largest tax cut in American history in 2001. Claiming that putting more money in

Americans’ pockets would stimulate growth in an economy that had stumbled after the

bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2000. Oh, it’s time for the Mystery Document?

The rules here are simple. I guess the author of the Mystery Document,

I either get it right, or I get shocked with the shock pen. Alright, what have we got here

today. I’ve got a feeling it’s going to be a sad one.

“It was a beautiful fall day, with a crisp, blue sky. I was coming in to work late that

day; I guess I didn’t have first period class. It was only the second or third day

When I emerged from the subway, Union Square was strangely quiet, which only added to the

beauty of the day. People were standing still, which is weird in New York under any circumstances,

and looking down University Place towards lower Manhattan. Before I even looked I asked

a passerby what had happened. She, or he, I really don’t remember, said that a plane

had crashed into the Trade Center. Then I looked and saw the smoke coming billo wing

out of the South Tower. I thought it was an accident, but I knew that this was not going

to be an easy day. Well it’s obviously someone who was in New

York City on September 11, 2001, but that only narrows it down to like 10 million people.

However, I happen to know that it is Crash Course historian and my high school history

teacher Raoul Meyer who wrote that account. This is the saddest I have ever been not to

be shocked. So whether George Bush’s domestic policy

would have worked is up for debate, but the events of September 11, 2001 ensured that

foreign policy would dominate any discussion of the opening decade of the 21st century.

That morning terrorists affiliated with al Qaeda hijacked 4 airliners. Two planes were

flown into Manhattan’s World Trade Center, a third was crashed into the Pentagon in Washington

and a fourth, also headed for Washington DC crashed in Pennsylvania when passengers overpowered

the hijackers. Almost 3,000 people died including almost

400 policemen and firefighters. As Americans rushed to help in the search

for survivors and to rebuild a devastated city, a shared sense of trauma and a desire

to show resolve really did bring the country together.

President Bush’s popularity soared in the wake of the attacks. In a speech on September

20, the president told Americans watching on television that the terrorists had targeted

America “Because we love freedom […]. And they hate freedom.”

This is another critical moment in American history where the definition of freedom is

being reimagined. And we were reminded in the wake of September

11th that one of the central things that government does to keep us free is to keep us safe. But

at the same time ensuring our safety sometimes means impinging upon our freedoms.

And the question of how to keep America safe while also preserving our civil liberties

is one of the central questions of the 21st century.

At any rate, in the September 20th speech, the president announced a new guiding principle

in foreign policy that became known as the Bush Doctrine.

America would go to war with terrorism making no distinction between the terrorists and

nations that harbored them. Bush laid out the terms for the world that