Name: 【CNN10】散播錯誤資訊亂象、美國抗疫今昔相比 (Fighting Misinformation | March 20, 2020)
Uploaded: 2020-04-06T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

Hi, I'm Carl Azuz and I want to set the record straight.

嗨，我是 Carl Azuz，我想要闡明一件事。

Fridays are still awesome—just maybe a little less so.

星期五還是很讚，只有變得稍微一點點不讚而已。

An update on that and some of the misinformation being spread about it online are our first subjects today on CNN 10.

說到新冠狀病毒，今天 CNN 10 要講的第一個主題就是一些在網路散播的假消息。

The virus is still spreading in the United States and abroad.

該病毒仍在美國境內與境外散播。

Global stock markets are still seeing wild swings and losses and as governments consider more restrictions to try to fence in COVID-19, hospitals are feeling the pressure.

全球股市仍舊不斷地有震盪跌幅，在政府考慮要以更多限令來抵禦新冠病毒時，醫院逐漸感到壓力。

Providence St. Joseph Health is a system of more than 50 hospitals.

醫療集團 Providence St. Joseph Health 旗下有超過 50 間醫院。

Together they use about 250,000 protective masks every year.

該集團每年約用掉 25 萬個口罩。

Because of coronavirus, a single hospital in that system has gone through that same amount of masks in three months.

因這次的疫情，該集團中的一間醫院，在三個月就用掉以往一年整個集團數量的口罩。

So some health systems are getting creative.

因此某些醫療系統開始發揮創意。

Sewing masks together or teaching people how to make them at home to deal with the shortfall.

將口罩縫製在一起，或是教導人們如何在家做口罩，來應對口罩的短缺。

Health facilities that can afford it are also ordering more ventilators to help people with serious cases of the respiratory disease.

還負擔得起的醫療機構也增購了更多呼吸機，來供給那些病情較嚴重的人。

More than 200,000 cases of coronavirus have been confirmed worldwide.

More than 10,000 are in the United States.

They've now been confirmed in all 50 states and New York has been the hardest hit with more than 4,100 cases.

美國 50 州全部淪陷，而紐約是最嚴重的地方，有超過 4,100 例確診。

While there's still a lot that doctors don't know about this disease, they say they're learning more everyday.

雖然醫療團隊對於此疾病還有許多不清楚的地方，但他們表示每天都會更了解它。

For instance, new studies indicate that people who are infected but have no symptoms may still be able to spread COVID-19.

舉例來說，研究指出帶有病毒但無症狀的人，還是能傳播新冠病毒。

So they're urging Americans, young people in particular to stop attending large gatherings and to stop getting together in big groups.

所以政府極力呼籲美國人，尤其是年輕人，不要再參加大型聚會，並且也不要成群結隊。

Officials are concerned about scenes like this one.

官員對於這樣的場景感到擔憂。

This video was shot on Wednesday on a crowded beach in Florida.

這段影片於星期三拍攝，地點是佛羅里達一個擁擠的海灘。

They're also concerned about some of the misinformation the fake news being spread about coronavirus.

他們也擔憂一些關於新冠肺炎的謠言與假新聞。

Some people on social media have claimed that taking illegal drugs or even drinking bleach could kill the disease.

有人在社群網站上宣稱，服用違法藥物甚至是喝漂白水可以殺死病毒。

It cannot—but it could make people deathly ill in addition to any threat coronavirus brings.

並不行！除了新冠肺炎帶來的威脅，這些東西反而會讓人致命。

It's not just COVID-19, better known as the novel coronavirus, that's spreading fast.

傳播得很快的不只有 COVID-19，又稱新冠狀病毒。

There's a flow of misinformation online about the virus and health officials are mounting a concerted effort to combat it.

有關於病毒的的假消息在網路上氾濫，衛生官員正一致努力要打擊這個現象。

他們把假消息的氾濫稱為「infodemic」。

Social media is a major driver in the spread of falsehoods.

社群軟體是謊言傳播的一大要素。

The ease with which conspiracies are shared and reshared makes stopping something going viral online almost as difficult as stopping a biological viral outbreak in the real world.

要讓陰謀論在網路被分享再轉分享變得十分容易，使得阻止假消息變得跟阻止病毒爆發一樣困難。

A 2018 study by Facebook found information including misinformation can spread like virus.

臉書於 2018 年所做的一個研究指出，各種資訊包含假資訊，能像病毒般傳播。

Each person passes it along to almost two others.

平均每個人都會傳給近乎兩個人。

Fake facts in the wake of an epidemic is nothing new.

在疫情肆虐時，假消息四起是很正常的。

But after the deluge of misinformation around the measles outbreak that started in 2018, the World Health Organization is taking new approaches to tackle the problem.

但在 2018 的麻疹爆發時，出現大量關於麻疹的假消息後，世界衛生組織決定採取新的方法來處理這個問題。

Would you call this the first social media epidemic?

你會將這個稱為第一次社群軟體疫情嗎？

I think that's being micro academics—epidemics.

I think that this one could well be the first global one, yes.

這次的假消息的氾濫程度可說是全球性的。

Another area of misinformation is fake cures and remedies.

另一種假消息是假的藥物與治療法。

Some are harmless like drinking garlic water or basic herbal tonics, but others are dangerous.

有些消息很無害，像是喝大蒜水或草藥水，但有些則很危險。

It's absolutely a... a fertile ground for anyone who wants to disrupt an already disruptive situation for natural reasons.

現在對那些想要破壞社會的人一定很方便，因爲現在的局勢已經非常混亂。

Health officials are taking this infodemic seriously.

衛生官員對這個 infodemic 的事件相當重視。

The WHO is working directly with tech companies on a daily basis to flag and take down bad information and to ensure that facts from reliable sources get to users first.

世衛組織目前正與科技公司合作，每天將有問題的資訊標示並下架，確保人們都能在獲得正確的資訊。

Searching for coronavirus on sites like Twitter or Facebook pops up info boxes urging users to get the best information from reputable sources like government health organizations.

在推特或臉書搜尋新冠肺炎時，會跳出資訊欄希望用戶從正確的資源得到訊息，如政府衛生組織。

We're seeing different approaches from different companies.

我們看到，不同公司都有不同作法。

Some of them are taking a more aggressive approach to taking down this content.

某些人採取較激進的方法來下架不實言論。

Are there some that you're more pleased with than others?

I think that it depends on the companies' maturity with regards their social impact and their social care for their users.

我認為這取決於該公司的成熟度，還有他們的社群影響力與對用戶的關心。

Obviously how much they care about the reputation and the history of their reputation, if they've suffered reputational knocks in the past they're much more likely to respond now to help us.

還有在乎公司聲譽的程度，那些聲譽受過打擊的公司通常較願意伸出援手。

We've contacted all the major platforms and they have told us they're taking measures to combat this fall of misinformation.

我們聯繫了各大平台，他們表示正在以各種方法打擊假消息。

But these measures don't catch everything.

It's very different than just delete unless it's very clearly misinformation and the tactics are not necessarily wrong.

這可不只是刪掉那麼簡單，除非是很明確的假消息，但這個策略也不是全然不好。

They are in fact provoking questioning and doubt and you can't delete doubt.

他們其實是在激發人民的疑問與疑慮，而你不能刪除疑慮。

In today's online world there will always be misinformation.

在現今的網路世界，一定都會有假消息。

The challenge now for governments and platforms is how to fight a virus online.

對政府與網路平台而言，最大的挑戰是打擊「網路上的病毒」。

The tenure of what U.S. president led to the passage of the 22nd Amendment?

在哪位美國總統的任期內，通過了第二十二號修正案？

William H. Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt or Andrew Jackson?

是 William H. Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt 還是 Andrew Jackson？

FDR's break with tradition in winning four terms led to the 22nd Amendment.

FDR 打破傳統連續勝選四任總統導致了二十二號修正案的出現。

FDR won his fourth and last term of office in 1944 and though he didn't live to complete it or to see the end of World War II in 1945.

FDR 在 1944 年勝選他的第四次也是最後一次總統職位，雖然他在二戰過世，沒機會做完該任期。

The measures his administration took during that war are well documented and widely studied today.

他的行政部門在戰時所做的措施被完整的記錄了下來，並在今日被廣泛地研究。

Seventy-five years later under all the uncertainty brought by coronavirus, the Trump administration says it will help make up for possible shortages of medical supplies, and deploy two hospital ships to increase medical capacity.

在 75 年後，新冠肺炎帶來許多不確定性，川普政府表示 FDR 的措施可以幫助他們準備可能的醫療資源短缺，也部署了兩艘醫療船艦來增加醫療能力。

President Donald Trump has compared this time to wartime.

For iron will patriotism and unified effort, the Second World War stands alone.

鋼鐵愛國精神、統一戰線，二次世界大戰的經驗發揮作用。

To this day nobody's seen anything like that—what they were able to do during World War II and now it's our time.

現在沒人經歷過，以前的政府在二戰時能達成的事，現在輪到我們來做了。

In the 1940s under the War Powers Act, the president could effectively order industry to produce military supplies and prioritize delivery of military goods.

在 1940 年代戰爭權力決議之下，總統可以要求產業來製作、運送軍事物資。

He could impose censorship, manipulate the economy, even suspend common rights, such as when Japanese Americans were locked up.

總統還能實施審查制度，控制經濟，甚至是中止人民的一些基本權利，如當時他們把日籍美國人關起來。

And importantly, Roosevelt commanded a vast expansion of the nation's medical capabilities.

更重要的事，Roosevelt 下令擴大國家的醫療能力。

It was during World War II that FDR unleashed our scientists and medical experts to produce penicillin for the first time.

在二戰時，FDR 總統解開禁令，讓科學家與醫療專家首次可以生產盤尼西林。

Different types of medicines to fight malaria.

New ways of doing skin grafts to help people that were burned.

製造人工皮的新方法，來幫助那些被灼傷的人。

自那時起，我們便依靠著這些東西。

The public widely supported the war effort with roughly one out of 10 Americans serving, the demand for labor brought women out in droves to take up tools on factory floors.

美國大眾普遍支持戰時的努力，近乎一成的美國人都為戰爭付出勞力，甚至也有女人拿起工具在工廠生產。

Strictly enforced lights-out air-raid drills were conducted.

Rubber, gasoline, sugar and more were rationed.

橡膠、汽油、糖等物資都以配給制供應。

Many families planted vegetable gardens to deal with shortages and bought war bonds to prop up the soaring cost to the government.

許多家庭自行植種蔬菜來對應短缺，並購買戰時公債來支撐政府在戰時的龐大支出。

Even Hollywood had a mission in movie after movie raising spirits and tying the home front to the battlefront.

連好萊塢拍電影也有任務，激發人民從家門前進到戰線前。

-Joe，你從哪來的？ -路易斯安那。

It was not perfect but it all worked well enough that more than a half century later another president and other Americans are echoing the message of those difficult times.

這一切並不完美，但已經好到讓半個世紀後的美國總統與其他美國人開始回想當年的情勢與措施。

Everybody should learn from World War II.

Okay. I know these are strange times but why would you call police on a family of ducks?

好的，我知道現在情勢很奇怪，但為什麼要因為一群鴨子而報警？

Well the reason was that they were in a dangerous part of town one with people and traffic and not a lot of good places to roost.

原因是，這些鴨子在鎮上危險的一隅，人車交雜，也沒有安全的地方可以休息。

So a police officer in Lakeland, Florida appeared on the scene to make sure they were all right and then escorted them to a nearby lake where they could get back to being ducks.

一名佛羅里達 Lakeland 的警官出現了，他護送這些鴨子到附近的湖裡，讓他們可以好好當鴨子。

The police say there's always something to smile about.

該警官說，每天都會發生讓人會心一笑的事。

And to keep you smiling or "groaning" we would never "duck out" on a chance to try to "quack" you up with some "fowl" sounding duck puns.

為了讓你們繼續歡笑，我們會繼續用一些鴨子雙關語來讓你們大笑的。

Because you're "mandrain" to them thinking they're just "ducky" or if you find them "tealy" annoying.

不管你是覺得很幸運可以每天聽到，還是覺得很煩都沒關係。

I happen to think that they could help with almost any "mallardy" and I'll send you my "bill."

歡笑可以治百病，而我會把帳單寄給你們的。

I'm Carl Azuz. Last stop today is in Saratoga Springs, Utah.

我是 Carl Azuz，今天的最後一站在猶他州的 Saratoga Springs。

We've got the Lions of Lakeview Academy watching today.

今天 Lions of Lakeview Academy 正看著我們的節目。

We hope you guys and everyone else watching around the world has a great weekend ahead from all, from us here at CNN.

希望所有觀眾都有個美好的週末，CNN 10，我們下次再見。

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【CNN10】散播錯誤資訊亂象、美國抗疫今昔相比 (Fighting Misinformation | March 20, 2020)

prioritize

effort

urge

epidemic