Name: 語言會影響思考？說不同語言的人想法會不一樣嗎？ (Do We Think Differently in Different Languages? | BBC Ideas)
Uploaded: 2020-07-01T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 4 min 21 s

情態副詞

So, do we think differently in different languages?

我們會因為說不同語言，而有不同思考模式嗎？

[Do we think differently in different languages?]

[我們會因為說不同語言，而有不同思考模式嗎？]

[There are over 7000 languages in the world.]

[Does that mean there are 7000 ways of seeing it?]

[這代表有 7000 種看世界的方式嗎？]

The Whorfian hypothesis as it's known, which is the idea that our language affects our thinking, has been debated for decades, even centuries.

沃爾夫假說主張語言影響我們的思考，而這個假說已經被爭論數十年，甚至是數個世紀。

There's a growing amount of experimental evidence that differences across languages have an influence on the way speakers of those languages conceive of the world.

有越來越多的實驗證據指出，語言之間的相異性會使話者對世界的想像產生影響。

We can see that different languages structure the world in different ways, they carve up the various continua and different types of relations in the world.

我們可以得知不同語言用不同方式建構出世界，語言劃分世上各種時空和不同類型的關係。

The way that different languages chop up the world almost can vary, and that does actually influence how you see that world.

不同語言切分世界的方式各有不同，而因此影響人們看世界的方式。

I think language changes everything about the way you think.

我認為語言徹底地改變你的思考方式。

I go into a certain mindset, I sound deeper.

當我進入到特定的思維模式，我的聲音會聽起來比較低沉。

I perceive situations differently, I react differently.

我看事情的角度產生變化，我的反應也變得不一樣。

I think I'm more grounded and more in touch with my emotions in German.

我覺得說德文的時候，我比較理智且更能與自己的情緒相聯繫。

Yeah, it makes me feel more assertive when I'm speaking Dutch because you just get straight to the point.

當我在說荷蘭語時，能較堅定自信地表達自己，因為可以直接切入重點。

Language is for organising an otherwise messy world into identifiable categories.

語言將混亂的世界整理成可辨別的各項種類。

語言提供我們方便使用的標籤。

It's like Lego, you add another word to the word and that makes it more precise.

這就像是樂高，將字詞層層堆疊後，你可以更精確表達你的意思。

Language in French is super gendered so everything has a masculine or feminine.

法文是有性別之分的語言，所以單字會分陰陽性。

And it just makes everything feel a bit more one or the other.

這使得事情非黑即白，有點極端。

If you have a word like bridge, if it's in a language where it is carrying a masculine gender then bridges will be described by people slightly differently.

舉「橋」這個字為例，如果它在一個語言中為陽性字，那麼「橋」在該語言中，會被些許不同的方式表達。

So, it might be its usefulness or its power might be more associated with the feminine gender, whereas its strength and its size might be more sort of associated with the masculine gender.

如果強調的是用處或能力，比較可能會是陰性字，然而強調的是力量或大小，則比較可能是陽性字。

The structure of a language forces us to attend to certain aspects of a language... certain aspects of reality that are relevant for a language, at the moment of using that language.

一個語言的結構促使我們在說該語言時，注意有關該語言某些方面的實際情況 。

It's known as the "thinking for speaking" hypothesis.

這稱為「說話上的思維假說」。

There's evidence that language involves some kind of image simulation and that that has a consequence for how we perceive of certain events.

有證據指出語言包含形象的模仿，因此決定我們看待特定事件的方式。

Color is quite a complex property of a visual world.

在視覺世界中，顏色具有相當複雜的特性。

Your brain is decoding colour in quite a complicated way.

大腦用很複雜的方式辨識顏色。

So you have many languages that have a term to denote both green and blue and typically we call this a grue term.

許多語言有共同代表藍色和綠色的字詞，一般來說我們稱「藍綠色」。

You find this in languages like the Himba, for example, in the Namibian plains.

你可以在納米比亞平原上的辛巴族語中發現這項例子。

In this experiment, we asked participants to look at the color tile.

在一項實驗中，我們要求受試者注視色磚。

And then after 30 seconds we show them the full array of colours and we say: "Now, pick the one that you just saw."

30 秒後，我們給他們看無數的顏色並說：「現在，指出先前看到的顏色。」

And it's a very difficult task if you're an English speaker but a Himba speaker can do it like child's play because that colour is central to them.

這對說英語的人來說，是一項艱困的測試，但是說辛巴族語的人卻覺得輕而易舉，因為顏色對他們來說很重要。

You simply cannot recognise colours that are not easily encoded in your native language.

你根本無法辨別難以譯入你母語中的顏色。

I think by virtue of being born into a particular culture and the language that goes with that culture we're almost certainly given to think in a particular way.

我認為因為我們出生在特定的文化中，並說著與該文化相匹配的語言，我們必然會以特定的方式思考。

The human brain doesn't work out of the box.

人的大腦不會跳脫思維，打破常規。

You grow up and you're growing up learning languages in particular environments, so you've got...

你在特定的環境下成長並學習語言。

By the time you're dealing with an adult, you're dealing with a brain that has been trained up to be an expert along a number of quite specific dimensions.

到你可以與成人相處時，你面對的是訓練完善的成人大腦，他們有一些特定的思維。

There's actually another very, very good reason to learn a language.

這是學語言的其中一個極好的理由。

That's simply to gain another perspective on the world.

你可以獲取世界上不同的觀點。

You can actually say a lot more, a lot quicker, in Uzbek than you can in English which is quite interesting.

有趣的是，說烏茲別克語時，可以說得比英文還要快很多。

They used to be nomadic which meant that the language has to be a lot quicker because you were speaking to people while moving around and all this kind of stuff.

烏茲別克人以前是遊牧民族，因為要在四處移動時與其他人說話，所以代表說他們的語言要說得很快。

But in a sense, language is culture and culture is language.

但就某種意義上來說，語言就是文化，文化就是語言。

Speaking a different language is almost a gateway into a completely different cultural understanding.

說不同的語言是通往理解一個不同文化的道路。

(Speaking Korean) Do we think differently in different languages?

(韓文) 我們會因為說不同語言，而有不同思考模式嗎？

(Speaking Russian) Do we think differently in different languages?

(俄文) 我們會因為說不同語言，而有不同思考模式嗎？

(Speaking Portuguese) Do we think differently in different languages?

(葡萄牙語) 我們會因為說不同語言，而有不同思考模式嗎？

Cognitive diversity I think is at the core of human nature.

我認為認知多樣性是人性的核心。

It is probably—if you are looking for universals—diversity is probably the one true universal of humanity.

如果你在尋找普遍性，多樣性或許是真正的共同人性。

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語言會影響思考？說不同語言的人想法會不一樣嗎？ (Do We Think Differently in Different Languages? | BBC Ideas)

perspective

specific

cognitive

relevant