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  • Quantum computers are all over the news, but what are they

  • and how do they differ from conventional computing?

  • If they can be built economically and at scale

  • quantum computers will harness properties

  • that extend beyond the limits of classical physics

  • to offer us exponential gains in computing power.

  • Classical computers are made of bits, a unit of information

  • that can either be a 0 or a 1.

  • But in a quantum computer, the basic unit, known as a qubit,

  • can represent both 0 and 1 at the same time, a state known

  • as superposition.

  • By stringing together qubits the number

  • of states that they could represent

  • rises exponentially, enabling it to compute

  • millions of possibilities instantaneously.

  • The applications of this type of machine

  • could revolutionise fields from cryptography to chemistry,

  • ranging from materials science, agriculture,

  • and pharmaceuticals, not to mention artificial intelligence

  • and energy.

  • So far, the challenge has been to scale up

  • the number of qubits to perform useful calculations

  • while reducing the number of errors

  • that the qubits are prone to.

  • This week Google has published a landmark paper

  • in the scientific journal Nature.

  • It claims to have built a processor that

  • can perform a very specific calculation in 200 seconds that

  • would take today's most powerful computer 10,000

  • years to complete.

  • This demonstration is known as quantum supremacy.

  • This is just the first step towards creating

  • a useful quantum computer.

  • Next, scientists will have to build a scaled-up version that

  • can perform real world, useful calculations, thus achieving

  • the promise of quantum computing.

Quantum computers are all over the news, but what are they

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谷歌如何實現下一個量子計算的飛躍? (How Google could make the next quantum computing leap | FT)

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    林宜悉 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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