today we are starting up with Linux tutorials.

今天我們從Linux教程開始。

We will talk about Linux right from scratch

我們將從零開始談Linux

and in this first tutorial I will give an introduction to Linux.

而在這第一篇教程中，我將給大家介紹Linux。

So let's proceed.

所以，讓我們'繼續。

What is Linux?

什麼是Linux？

Linux is an Operating System

Linux是一個作業系統

just like Windows and Mac OS X.

就像Windows和Mac OS X一樣。

Linux derives many things from

Linux的很多東西都來源於

Unix Operating System.

Unix作業系統。

Linux is

Linux是

open source and free.

開源和免費。

What does open source and free mean? Let's have a look.

開源和免費是什麼意思？ 讓我們'看看吧。

Free basically means that no payments are required

免費基本上意味著不需要付款

and you can directly download the Linux Operating System and install it

並可直接下載Linux作業系統進行安裝。

on your personal computer.

在您的個人電腦上。

Open Source means that there is a source code

開源意味著有源代碼

related to Linux

與Linux相關

and you can this source code as the Linux source code

並可將此源碼作為Linux源碼。

and this source code can be used by any person in the world

而這個源代碼可以被世界上任何一個人使用。

to create

營造

his own Operating System

他自己的作業系統

Now the Operating System that is created

現在創建的作業系統

using this Linux source code

使用這個Linux源代碼

will be nothing but the Linux Operating System.

除了Linux作業系統，將一無所有。

Now because Linux is open source

因為Linux是開源的

we have a large number of Linux Operating Systems out there in the market.

我們在市場上有大量的Linux作業系統。

Let's have a look at the hardware requirements of Linux Operating System.

讓我們來看看Linux作業系統的硬件要求。

I will not go into the specific hardware requirements like

具體的硬件要求我就不多說了，如

how much RAM is required

需要多少內存

or how much space is required,

或需要多少空間。

because

因為

every Linux distribution

各個Linux發行版

has different

有不同

hardware requirements. What I am gonna show you

硬件要求。我要給你看的是

is the basic hardware requirement

是基本的硬件要求

and that is

那就是

Linux can be made to run on any x86 or x64 based

Linux可以在任何基於x86或x64的作業系統上運行。

personal computer.

個人電腦。

x86 is 32 bit

x86是32位

and x64 is 64 bit.

而x64是64位。

Who uses Linux?

誰在使用Linux？

Linux is mainly used

Linux主要用於

in Super Computers,

在超級計算機。

servers

服務器

and Android powered devices.

和安卓驅動的設備。

Super Computers are the fastest computers in the world.

超級計算機是世界上最快的計算機。

They can do large number of arithmetical calculations, in a single second.

他們可以在一秒鐘內完成大量的算術計算。

90% of the fastest 500 Super Computers

速度最快的500臺超級計算機中的90%。

use Linux.

使用Linux。

That gives us a hint

這給了我們一個提示

that Linux is the fastest Operating System.

Linux是最快的作業系統。

Now servers

現在服務器

is like a storage

如同倉庫

and in

並在

website owners store all their website data, SQL databases, Oracle databases

站長們將自己的網站數據全部存儲在SQL數據庫、Oracle數據庫中。

etc etc etc.

等等等等等等。

And according to a survey,

而根據一項調查。

approximately 60% of servers use Linux.

大約60%的服務器使用Linux。

and only like 40% use Windows.

而只有40%的人使用Windows。

So Linux is dominating in the server area.

所以Linux在服務器領域佔據了主導地位。

And we also have Android powered devices.

而且我們也有安卓系統的設備。

Now Android powered devices also make us of Linux.

現在，Android驅動的設備也讓我們的Linux。

And Android powered devices

而安卓系統的設備

or you could say the Android Operating System,

或者你可以說是Android作業系統。

is the most famous mobile Operating System.

是最著名的移動作業系統。

and the most widespread mobile Operating System today

和當今最廣泛的手機操作系統。

in this era.

在這個時代。

What is the usage share of Linux?

Linux的使用比例是多少？

If we have a look

如果我們看一下

at the Wikimedia statistics for June 2012, it says that Linux is

在維基媒體2012年6月的統計中，它說Linux是一個很好的選擇。

being used

正在使用

only by 1.53%

僅為1.53%

and Android is being used by 4.73%.

而安卓系統的使用率為4.73%。

We all know that Android is leading in the

我們都知道，安卓系統是領先的

marketplace market space but

廛

Linux in that desktop or you could say the personal computer market space

Linux在該臺式機或者你可以說是個人電腦市場領域的應用

is lagging and that is

是滯後的，那就是

because

因為

4-5 years ago Linux

4-5年前 Linux

was like

就像

you had to code in Linux for every specific task.

你必須為每一個特定的任務在Linux中編碼。

Today Linux has been evolved to Graphical User Interface (GUI),

今天的Linux已經發展到了圖形用戶界面（GUI）。

so expect

於是乎

that Linux market share increases.

即Linux市場份額的增加。

Now the second reason why Linux is lagging

現在是Linux落後的第二個原因。

is because it

是因為它

does not have great applications.

並沒有很大的應用。

Most of the applications are

大部分的應用是

open source

開源

and I am not saying that open source applications are bad.

我也不是說開源應用不好。

I myself use open source applications because they are free

我自己使用的是開源應用，因為它們是免費的。

but the problem with

但問題是

open source software is that

開源軟件是

sometimes

有時

they lack of many things,

他們缺少很多東西。

so you require paid softwares

所以你需要付費軟件

and one of the best example is Adobe Photoshop.

而其中一個最好的例子就是Adobe Photoshop。

Adobe Photoshop is a paid software available for Windows and Mac OS X.

Adobe Photoshop是一款付費軟件，適用於Windows和Mac OS X。

It is not available for Linux. The Linux version is Gimp. It is a open source

它不能用於Linux。Linux版本是Gimp。它是一個開源的

version. It has the same functions as Adobe Photoshop but still

版本。它具有與Adobe Photoshop相同的功能，但仍是

users have said that Adobe Photoshop is better than Gimp.

用戶紛紛表示，Adobe Photoshop比Gimp好。

So there might be certain areas where Adobe Photoshop is better. So we

所以可能在某些方面Adobe Photoshop會更好。所以我們

expect that Linux should get these kind of applications very soon.

預計Linux應該很快就會有這樣的應用。

And if it get's that

如果它得到

then it's market share will again boost up.

那麼它'的市場份額將再次提升。

And it also lacks in games. So again Linux needs some great games

而且它還缺乏遊戲。所以Linux又需要一些優秀的遊戲

and if these games come to Linux then again the market share of Linux will boost up.

如果這些遊戲來到Linux，那麼Linux的市場份額將再次提升。

Keeping the market share aside,

撇開市場佔有率不談。

let's talk about the filesystem of Linux.

讓我們'來談談Linux的文件系統。

Linux makes use of extended journaling filesystem

Linux利用擴展的日誌文件系統

that is ext4, ext3 and ext2.

即ext4、ext3和ext2。

ext4 is currently being used

目前正在使用ext4

and it supports that is extended

它支持的是擴展的

journaling filesystem supports

日誌文件系統支持

storage volumes up to 2^60 bytes

最大存儲容量為2^60字節

and that's very

而這是非常

large.

大。

You can google it up

你可以用谷歌搜索一下

and you would actually find that that's

而你居然會發現，那'的。

GB's and GB's and GB's.

GB'的和GB'的和GB'的。

An extended journaling filesystem

一個擴展的日誌文件系統

that is ext4

即ext4

has got faster file scanning. So

有了更快的文件掃描速度。所以

pretty much overall extended journaling filesystem is a really good.

總體來說擴展日誌文件系統是一個非常好的。

Now what are the famous Linux

現在有哪些著名的Linux

Graphical User Interfaces?

圖形用戶界面？

and I am talking about the famous ones. There are many Graphical User Interfaces in Linux.

我說的是那些著名的。在Linux中，有很多圖形用戶界面。

I am just talking about the famous four.

我說的是著名的四大。

One is GNOME, second is KDE

一個是GNOME，第二個是KDE

Plasma Desktop,

桌面等離子。

third is XFCE

三是XFCE

and fourth is LXDE.

第四是LXDE。

Now GNOME can be

現在GNOME可以

further be given more GUI by using GNOME Shell.

通過使用GNOME Shell進一步賦予更多的GUI。

and

和

Ubuntu Unity.

Ubuntu Unity。

Let's have a look at these famous Graphical User Interfaces.

讓我們來看看這些著名的圖形用戶界面。

Let's have a look at GNOME.

讓我們來看看GNOME。

On the left hand side

在左手邊

we have Ubuntu Unity

我們有Ubuntu Unity

and on the right hand side we have GNOME Shell.

而在右手邊我們有 GNOME Shell。

So this is how it looks

所以這就是它的樣子

in the GNOME

在GNOME

Graphical User Interface.

圖形用戶界面。

For KDE Plasma Desktop,

適用於KDE Plasma桌面。

it will look like this.

它看起來像這樣。

And for XFCE and LXDE,

而對於XFCE和LXDE。

it will look like this. The XFCE is on the left hand side and LXDE

它看起來會是這樣的。XFCE在左手邊，LXDE則是

is on the right hand side.

是在右手邊。

Now let's talk about the home folder in Linux.

現在我們來談談Linux中的home文件夾。

Whenever you install a Linux Operating System,

每當你安裝Linux作業系統時。

you will have a home folder.

您將擁有一個主文件夾。

Now home folder will contain all your documents, music, videos,

現在，主文件夾將包含你所有的文件、音樂、視頻。

etc etc.

等等等等。

Now what comes with the Linux OS?

現在，Linux作業系統附帶了什麼？

Every Linux distribution comes with basic required softwares like

每個Linux發行版都有基本的必備軟件，如

photo viewer,

照片查看器。

video player, documents editor,

視頻播放器、文檔編輯器。

text editor,

文本編輯器。

web browser,

網頁瀏覽器。

mail client,

客戶郵件。

and few games.

和少數遊戲。

And many other applications

還有許多其他應用

which are required for daily usage.

日常使用所需。

Now many Linux distribution also comes with

現在很多Linux發行版也自帶了

programming languages installed and

安裝的編程語言和

they may include PHP, Java, C, C++,

它們可能包括PHP、Java、C、C++。

etc etc.

等等等等。

So that's what comes with Linux

所以，這就是Linux所帶來的好處。

Operating Systems.

作業系統：

Now what about programming applications in Linux?

現在在Linux中編程應用呢？

You can use various programming languages like C, C++, Java,

你可以使用C、C++、Java等各種編程語言。

fortran

Fortran

etc etc to

等到

make applications on

申請

Linux.

Linux的。

What about applications? How do you install them?

那應用程序呢？如何安裝？

Many Linux distributions have their own

許多Linux發行版都有自己的

App Store,

應用商店。

just like the Mac App Store and users can download the applications from their

就像Mac應用商店一樣，用戶可以從他們的應用商店下載應用。

App Store.

應用商店。

Applications can also be installed from the internet too.

應用程序也可以從互聯網上安裝。

Executable file for every Linux distribution is different.

每個Linux發行版的可執行文件都不一樣。

Ubuntu's

Ubuntu#39;s

executable file is .deb

可執行文件為.deb

So you can install files

所以你可以安裝文件

.deb also

.deb 所以

or you could say you can install the applications using the .deb

或者你可以說你可以使用.deb安裝應用程序。

executable file.

可執行文件。

What about uninstalling the applications?

那卸載應用呢？

Application uninstalling is done

應用程序卸載

using the Terminal

使用終端

or the App Store

或App Store

or using the executable file itself.

或使用可執行文件本身。

Now what about the Terminal?

現在終端機怎麼樣了？

What is Terminal?

什麼是終端？

Terminal is like the Command Prompt

終端就像命令提示符

of Windows.

的Windows。

It is used to perform various tasks like pinging,

它用於執行各種任務，如ping。

finding IP Addresses of your internet connection,

查找您的互聯網連接的IP地址。

installing applications,

安裝應用程序。

doing SSH, etc etc.

做SSH，等等等等。

So that is the end of this Linux

這篇Linux的文章到此結束

introduction

介紹

and i hope you liked it.

我希望你喜歡它。

Please rate, comment, subscribe and visit http://www.techbarrack.com and also visit the links

請評價、評論、訂閱和訪問http://www.techbarrack.com，也請訪問鏈接。

given on your screen.

在你的螢幕上給出。