barbarous
US /ˈbɑ:rbərəs/
・UK /ˈbɑ:bərəs/
C1 高級
adj.形容詞野蠻的 ； 殘忍的 ； 野蠻
The king's barbarous punishments scared the townspeople.
影片字幕
思想史：餐桌禮儀的演變！ (HISTORY OF IDEAS - Manners)
- Rousseau now contrasts favourably with modern mannered people. Rousseau tells us that people living in what he calls the state of nature were, in his eyes, far superior to educated and mannered Parisians. Their manners may have been simple, but they were honest and forthright, without the sins of what he now terms the over-civilised. Rousseau retells the story of civilisation as one of loss and decline, from a primordial state of fresh-faced curiosity, honesty and enthusiasm, to barbarous over-politeness, fakery and deceit. He describes the elaborate French court at Versailles as less civilised than an early human cave. Readers across Europe are astonished, and not a little impressed, by this impudence. For hundreds of years, moralists have been arguing that our natural selves are wild, harmful, over-sexual and dangerous, and that we must learn to tame them for the sake of others. Now Rousseau suggests the diametrical opposite. Civilisation has gone too far, it's our mannered selves that have become the problem, and the task of a properly evolved civilisation is to throw off the chains of manners, to relax us, strip off the etiquette and return to primitive frankness. Rousseau's point continues to echo down to our own times. It is his voice we can hear whenever someone sticks up for the simpler life, and suggests we dress less formally, eat dinner more casually and more readily say whatever is passing through our minds. New York, United States, 1827. A French aristocrat, Alexis de Tocqueville, is on a tour of the young United States in an effort to understand the spirit of a new kind of society, a democracy. He is immediately struck by American manners, or lack thereof. In Europe, reflects de Tocqueville, manners have been codified to emphasise hierarchical differences between people. Ordinary people defer to aristocrats, aristocrats to royalty, and so on. But in the United States, everything is done so as to suggest that there are no differences between people. No one takes off their hat to anyone, a postman can casually greet a judge, a mule driver can strike up cheerful banter with a wealthy merchant, and one cannot tell by someone's clothes whether they might be living in a mansion or a hut. Expressions like how you doing and hi are heard everywhere across the new republic. It could be charming, but the aristocratic de Tocqueville wryly notes a problem. These casual manners do not do away with class and wealth differences. They merely sentimentally disguise them. The manners of old Europe have been accused of being cruel in their stress on hierarchy.
現在，盧梭與現代舉止得體的人形成了鮮明的對比。盧梭告訴我們，在他眼中，生活在他所稱的自然狀態下的人們遠比受過教育、舉止得體的巴黎人優越。他們的舉止或許簡單，但他們誠實、直率，沒有他現在所說的過度文明人的罪惡。盧梭重述了文明的失落和衰落，從最初的好奇、誠實和熱情，到野蠻的過度禮貌、虛假和欺騙。他描繪了凡爾賽宮的精緻法國宮廷，其文明程度還不如人類早期的洞穴。整個歐洲的讀者都為這種厚顏無恥的行為感到震驚，同時也留下了深刻的印象。數百年來，道德家們一直在論證，我們的天性是狂野的、有害的、過度的性慾和危險的，為了他
- enthusiasm, to barbarous over-politeness, fakery, and deceit.
聖母院鐘樓怪人 (Chs 1-8) - 維克多·雨果 有聲書 📚🎧 (Book 07 - The Hunchback of Notre Dame Audiobook by Victor Hugo (Chs 1-8))
- People are no longer so barbarous.
但是，要純粹地獲得這道光線是極其困難的，因為同時存在
- very bad form of speech; people are no longer so barbarous.
非常不好的說話方式；人們不再那麼野蠻了。
英國博物館為何收藏帕德嫩神廟石雕？ (Why The British Museum Has The Parthenon Marbles)
- In a letter to Elgin, Lucieri even admitted that he was, quote, "obliged to be a little barbarous." More damage was done during the shipping phase.
在這些移走過程中，艾爾金的團隊對帕德嫩神廟造成了巨大的損害。
- In a letter to Elgin, Lucieri even admitted that he was obliged to be a little barbarous.
在一封給艾爾金的信中，盧切裡甚至承認他不得不稍微野蠻一點。
第一部 – 詹姆斯·費尼莫爾·庫珀《最後的莫西幹人》有聲書 (章節 01-05)！ (Part 1 - The Last of the Mohicans Audiobook by James Fenimore Cooper (Chs 01-05))
- Numberless recent massacres were still vivid in their recollections, nor was there any ear in the provinces so deaf as not to have drunk in with avidity the narrative of some fearful tale of midnight murder, in which the Natas of the forest were the principal and barbarous actors.
「我的耳朵已張開，我的心已準備好：你所能揭露的最壞情況是世俗的損失：--說，我的王國是否已失？」--莎士比亞
- which the natives of the forests were the principal and barbarous actors.
在這些故事中，森林的原住民是主要的野蠻演員。
傑克倫敦《野性的呼喚》有聲書！ (The Call of the Wild Audiobook by Jack London)
- François swore strange, barbarous oaths and stamped the snow in futile rage and tore his hair.
Buck 被三隻哈士奇圍攻，瞬間牠的頭和肩膀就被撕裂
- Francois swore strange barbarous oaths, and stamped the snow in futile rage, and tore
Francois 發誓著奇怪的野蠻誓言，徒勞地憤怒地跺著雪，並撕扯
原住民與英國人 - 美國歷史速成班 #3 (The Natives and the English - Crash Course US History #3)
- "The righteous god hath heightened our calamity and given commission to the barbarous heathen to rise up against us
- "The righteous God hath heightened our calamity and given commission to the barbarous heathen to rise up against us and to become a smart rod and a severe scourge to us in burning and depopulating several hopeful plantations, murdering many of our people of all sorts,
公義的上帝加劇了我們的災難，並命令野蠻的異教徒起來反抗我們，成為我們的懲罰和嚴厲的鞭笞，焚燒並毀滅了幾個有希望的種植園，殺害了我們各類人民，