because neuroscience doesn't understand how information is encoded in the brain

因為神經系統不知道如何 信息進行編碼，在大腦中

and the central nervous system. Someone was cool enough to send me a link to an

和中樞神經系統。有人在 足夠的冷靜給我一個鏈接到一個

article written in 2007 of August by Discover Magazine, and the article was called

文章寫於2007年8月發現 雜誌，和文章被稱為

Ten Unsolved Mysteries of the Brain. That's what we're going to talk about.

大腦的十大未解之謎。這是 我們要談論什麼。

What are the ten top mysteries of the brain?

前十名的大腦的奧秘是什麼？

This is really interesting stuff, and it ties right into the last video that I did.

這是非常有趣的東西，它關係 進入最後的視頻，我權。

I'm going to go over all of the top ten mysteries of the brain and I'm going to make

我會去的十大奧秘 的大腦，我要

comments about each one, but before I go over the top ten mysteries of the brain,

左右各一的意見，但在此之前我去了 排名前十的大腦的奧秘，

I want to make a comment about what all of the top ten mysteries have in common.

我要評論一下所有的 前十位的奧秘有共通之處。

You see, in philosophy, in psychology, in fact, in just about any of the sciences,

你看，在哲學，心理學， 事實上，在幾乎所有的科學，

an important distinction is made about the function of something and the structure

一個重要的區別的 的一些功能和結構

of something. By function we are talking about the intentions behind something;

的東西。按功能我們正在談論 事情背後的意圖;

its purpose, what it does, its activities and the result of that activity.

它的目的，它做什麼，它的活動 該活動的結果。

For example, if you have a fork, the function of that fork is to pick up food.

例如，如果你有一個叉，功能 的，叉子夾起食物。

By structure we are referring to physical form; how the object is arranged, its shape,

結構，我們指的是物理 形式;對象是如何佈置，其形狀，

it's physical parts and how those parts fit together into a whole.

它的身體部分，這些部分是如何配合 連成一個整體。

This structure of a fork is a metal shaft with three or four sharp prongs pointed

叉子的這種結構是一個金屬軸 有三個或四個尖銳的叉子指出

out from the shaft. In psychology, the mind in terms of function means what the mind

從軸。在心理學上，頭腦 在功能方面意味著什麼心靈

does. For example, some of these functions would include memory, perception,

不。例如，一些這些功能 包括記憶，知覺，

reasoning and emotional response. These different functions in the mind of psychology

推理和情緒反應。這些不同的 在腦海中的心理功能

are called mental faculties. In psychology, when we talk about structure we are talking

被稱為精神院系。在心理學上， 當我們談論結構，我們正在談論

about

關於

the brain; the physical structure of the brain, the parts of the brain, the neurons,

大腦，大腦的物理結構， 部位的腦，神經元，

the neurotransmitters, etc.

神經遞質等。

The words mind and brain tend to be used interchangeably in common speech. However,

心靈和大腦的話，往往可以互換使用 在共同的講話。但是，

in psychology, and in the philosophy of mind, the brain is used to refer exclusively

在心理學上，而在心靈哲學， 大腦用於專指

to the structure of the brain. Mind is used to refer exclusively to the mental

的大腦的結構。心是 專指的心理

functions of the mind. So, the basic assumption that biological psychology is based on,

功能的初衷。因此，基本假設 生物心理學的基礎上，

meaning the actual foundation that the entire subject is built on top of

這意味著實際的基礎，整個 主題是建立在頂部

is that the physical structure of the brain is responsible for the non physical function

是，大腦的物理結構 負責非物理功能

of the mind.

的初衷。

Mystery Number ten: What is consciousness?

神秘號碼10：什麼是意識？

Well, there's been a great deal of research done in an attempt to unlock the mystery

嗯，有過大量的研究 在試圖完成解鎖謎

of just what consciousness is, but not only is the phenomena of consciousness not understood

只有意識是什麼，但不是唯一的 的現象是不理解的意識

on a structural level, but there isn't a good agreed upon functional model for just what

的結構的水平上，但也有是不是一個好 正是商定功能模型

this phenomena is either. One thing that's interesting about consciousness is that on

這種現象。一件事是 有趣的意識是，在

a

一

functional level it appears to exist outside of the mind as if it's looking in.

功能級別，它似乎存在外 的頭腦，如果它往裡看。

For example, if you compare the mind to a computer, both the mind and the computer store

例如，如果你的頭腦比較到 計算機，心靈和電腦商店

information. Both the mind and the computer input information. Both the mind and the

的信息。 ，兩個頭腦和電腦 輸入信息。無論是心靈和

computer process information and both the mind and the computer output information.

計算機的過程信息和 頭腦和計算機輸出的信息。

But, no one assumes that the computer is aware of what it is doing. Now, consciousness

但是，沒有人假設電腦是知道的 它在做什麼。現在，意識

is the computer user. It knows what the computer is doing and it's guiding its operations.

是電腦用戶。它知道什麼電腦 在做什麼，它的指導操作。

Mystery number nine: How do the specialized systems of the brain integrate with one another?

神秘九：如何做專門的 系統的大腦相互集成？

This relates to consciousness. In other words, perceptional information flows to different

這涉及到意識。換言之， 知覺信息流的不同

parts of the brain. Sight goes to one part of the brain. Sound goes to another part of

部分的大腦。視的一部分 的大腦。音響去的另一部分

the brain. Taste goes to another part of the brain, and tactile sensation goes to another

大腦。味道去的另一部分 腦，和觸覺進入到另一個

part.

的一部分。

But, when you perceive the world you view all of these as an integrated whole even though

但是，當你對世界的看法，您可以查看 所有這些作為一個整體，即使

these areas of the brain are not connected together. How does this work? No one knows.

這些領域的大腦沒有連接 在一起。這是如何工作的？沒有人知道。

It's a mystery.

這是一個謎。

Mystery Number eight: Why do brains sleep and dream?

神秘八：為什麼大腦睡覺 和夢想是什麼？

My comment: No one knows. But, what we do know is that if you deny someone of their

我的評論：沒有人知道。但是，我們做什麼 知道的是，如果你拒絕他們的人

sleep

睡覺

and dreaming, then they begin to exhibit signs of mental illnesses.

和夢想，那麼，他們開始表現出的跡象 精神疾病。

In fact, there was a study done where psychiatrists couldn't tell whether someone was

事實上，所做的一項研究中，精神科醫生 不知道是否有人

diagnosed as mentally ill or if they just had a lack of sleep.

診斷為精神病患者，如果他們只是 缺乏睡眠。

Mystery number seven: How is time represented in the brain?

神秘數字七：如何表示的時間 在大腦中嗎？

Again, no one knows, but what we do know is that it's not at all at uniformed rate.

同樣，沒有人知道，但我們知道的是 這不是在所有穿制服的速度。

After all, sometimes, time seems to pass very quickly and other times

畢竟，有時，時間似乎傳遞非常 和其他

time seems to drag on forever. We do know that it is probably related to

時間似乎永遠拖。我們知道 它可能與

completed sequences of motion. For example, when you are very busy time passed very

完成序列的議案。例如， 當你非常忙，時間過得

quickly.

快。

Mystery number six: What is intelligence?

神秘數字6：什麼是智慧呢？

Psychologists have yet to come up with a clear definition of intelligence that everyone

心理學家還沒有拿出一個明確的 情報的定義，每個人都

can agree on. Because of this, there is no objective standard of what intelligence is.

的一致贊同。正因為如此，有沒有 什麼情報的客觀標準。

So, IQ is just an arbitrary number given to people when compared to other people who have

因此，智商只是一個任意的號碼 人相比，其他人誰也

taken the test. But there is no actual standard that exists outside of people taking

參加測試。但有沒有實際的標準 存在外面的人服用

this test. What we can tell is that intelligence is a combination of many, many

本次測試。我們可以告訴的是，情報 很多，很多的組合

different factors. Imagination, perception, education, literacy, reasoning ability.

不同的因素。想像，感悟， 教育，掃盲，推理的能力。

It's not just one thing, and all of us have different levels of abilities at each one

這不只是一件事，我們所有的人都 不同級別的能力，在每一個

of these factors. We sort of lump all of these factors together and call it

這些因素。我們把所有的這些類型的 因素的共同作用，並調用它

intelligence.

情報。

Mystery number five: What are emotions?

神秘五：什麼是情緒呢？

Well, I already did a video about this, and if you're interested, go ahead and check out

好了，我已經對這個做了一個視頻，和 如果你有興趣，繼續前進，並檢查了

Music, Emotions and Mind Control.

音樂，情感和精神控制。

Mystery number four: How does the mind simulate the future?

奧秘四：是否介意，如何模擬 未來呢？

In other words, how do people imaging future events and predict consequence.

換句話說，人怎麼辦成像的未來 事件和預測的後果。

My only comment on this is if you compared a mind to a super computer this one ability

我唯一​​的評論是，如果你在此相比， 一記一台超級計算機能力

would make the super computer look like a pocket calculator.

，會使超級計算機看起來像一個 袖珍計算器。

Mystery number three: What does the baseline activity in the brain represent?

謎之三：什麼是基線 活動在大腦中代表什麼呢？

This is a complex one and I don't have time to go over it in this video, but essentially,

這是一個複雜的問題，我沒有時間 走了過來，在這個視頻，但本質上，

I don't think scientists can establish a baseline, because I don't believe that

我不認為科學家可以建立一個基線， 因為我不相信

a baseline for brain activity even exists.

大腦活動的基準線的存在。

Mystery number two: How are memories stored and retrieved?

謎之二：記憶如何存儲 恢復了？

Now this point is fascinating and I'll have to do a whole video on the subject.

現在，這點很吸引人，我得 做了整部影片的主題。

I will say that the scientist who is known as the father of neurology

我會說，被稱為科學家 作為神經學之父

and the scientist who won a Nobel Prize for discovering how neurotransmitters work,

和科學家獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎。 發現神經遞質工作，

both came up with the conclusion that memories are not stored in the brain.

想出了這樣的結論的回憶 不存儲在大腦中。

How can that be? Well, You'll have to stay tuned!

怎麼會這樣呢？那麼，你就必須留 關注！

And what is the biggest mystery of the brain?

的大腦的最大的謎團是什麼？

Mystery number one: How is information encoded in the brain?

奧秘一：信息是如何編碼 在大腦中嗎？

Now, this is the Holy Grail of biological psychology or psychiatry, and because

現在，這是聖杯的生物 心理學或精神病學，因為

it's not understood, it dramatically limits what psychiatry is able to do.

它的不理解，它極大地限制 什麼樣的精神病學是能夠做到的。

I did a whole video on this earlier. If you're interested you can check it out.

我做了一個整體的這種早期的視頻。如果你 感興趣的話可以檢查出來。

It's called Biological Mind Control.

這就是所謂的生物的精神控制。

In a future video we'll be talking about brainwashing. What exactly is brainwashing?

在未來的視頻中，我們將談論洗腦。 究竟什麼是洗腦？

Thanks for watching. Please rate my video and I'll see you next time!

感謝收看。請評價我的視頻 我會看到你下一次！